The document outlines the implementation of a Tic-Tac-Toe game program allowing for one or two players, utilizing functions to manage game actions, board state, and victory conditions. Key functions include resetting the board, changing values, printing the current state, and checking for wins across rows, columns, and diagonals. The program prompts players for their moves and manages gameplay with one player against the computer using random number selections.

1. #In this project you will write a program play TicTacToe
#using two players (labels 0,1) or one play (label 0) playing with the machine (label 1).
#The TicTacToe board has 9 integers board = [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9]. The following
# are the modules for the program
#
#def reset() resets the board to the original values
# board = [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9]
#
#def printBoard() print the current state of the board using the format
#
#The current TicTacToe Board
# | 1 | 2 | 3 |
# | 4 | 5 | 6 |
# | 7 | O | 9 |
#
#The current TicTacToe Board
# | X | 2 | 3 |
# | 4 | 5 | 6 |
# | 7 | O | 9 |
#Note from the above that player 0 and 1 have played numbers 8 and 1
#respectively and the board display O for player 0 and X from player 1
#
#def changeBoard(num1, player) using the chosen box number to change
#the value of the box to 0 or -1 depending on whether the player is 0 or 1,
#respectively.
#
#def play(player) prints the player number (0 or 1) and prompts the player
# to enter a box value that have not changed to 'O' or 'X'
#
#def checkRows(value) checks to see which of the rows of the board
# has the same value and returns True, otherwise, returns False
#
#def checkCols(value) checks to see which of the cols of the board
# has the same value and returns True, otherwise, returns False
#

2. #def checkDiagonal(value) checks to see which of the diagonals of the board
# has the same value and returns True, otherwise, returns False
#
#def win(player) checks if a player wins the game, returns True of the player wins
# and False otherwise
#
#def machinePlay(player) plays the role of the player using random number.
# this function generates numbers in the interval [1,9] and uses the first
# generated random number that has not been used to play the game. The
#
#def ticTacToe(numPlayers) accepts the number of players and simulates the
#ticTapToe, asking players to enter unused box numbers.
#
#def main() is the driver module that accepts the number of players from the user
# and calls the ticTacToe module
#Assignment: Complete the follwoing modules:
#checkCols
#checkRows
#checkDiagonal
#win
#Sample of the output is
#
#Project
#This game can be played by one or two players
#Enter the number of players, 1/2 for one/two players: 1
#
#The current TicTapToe Board
#| 1 | 2 | 3 |
#| 4 | 5 | 6 |
#| 7 | 8 | 9 |
#Player 0 Enter a box value: 9
#
#The current TicTapToe Board
#| 1 | 2 | 3 |
#| 4 | 5 | 6 |
#| 7 | 8 | O |

3. #Player 1 ***Computer*** playing
#The current TicTapToe Board
#| 1 | 2 | 3 |
#| 4 | 5 | 6 |
#| 7 | X | O |
#Player 0 Enter a box value: 1
#
#The current TicTapToe Board
#| O | 2 | 3 |
#| 4 | 5 | 6 |
#| 7 | X | O |
#Player 1 ***Computer*** playing
#
#The current TicTapToe Board
#| O | X | 3 |
#| 4 | 5 | 6 |
#| 7 | X | O |
#Player 0 Enter a box value: 5
#
#The current TicTapToe Board
#| O | X | 3 |
#| 4 | O | 6 |
#| 7 | X | O |
#Player 0 Wins
#Do you want to quit?
#Begin Program
#import random number generator
#from random library
#from random import randint, seed
#Global variable board representing the ticTacToe board
board = [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9]
#This module resets the ticTacToe board to the original values
def reset():
for k in range(1,10): #loop through a sequence [1,2,3,..,9]

4. board[k-1] = k
#This module prints the ticTacToe board in a 3 by 3 matrix
#using the format
# | 1 | 2 | 3 |
# | 4 | 5 | 6 |
# | 7 | 8 | 9 |
#
def printBoard ():
print(' The current TicTapToe Board')
for m in range(3):
string = '| '
for n in range(3):
if board[n+3*m] == 0:
string = string + ' O |'
elif board[n+3*m] == -1:
string = string + ' X |'
else:
string = string + ' ' + str(board[n+3*m]) + ' |'
print(string)
#This module changes the value (num1) of a box in the ticTacTop board chosen
# by player 0 to 0 and player 1 to -1
#
def changeBoard(num1,player):
for k in range(len(board)):
if board[k] == num1 and player == 0:
board[k] = 0
elif board[k] == num1 and player == 1:
board[k] = -1
#This module prompts the player to enter a box value. The format is
# 'Player Enter a box value'
#
def printBoard ():
print(' The current TicTapToe Board')
for m in range(3):
string = '| '
for n in range(3):

5. if board[n+3*m] == 0:
string = string + ' O |'
elif board[n+3*m] == -1:
string = string + ' X |'
else:
string = string + ' ' + str(board[n+3*m]) + ' |'
print(string)
#This module checks if boxes in anyone of the rows have the same value
#The module returns True if that is the case and False otherwise
#
def checkRows(value):
#Complete
# horizontally , first row of the board contains same mark, it is win
if(board[1] == board[2] and board[2] == board[3]):
return True;
# horizontally , second row of the board contains same mark, it is win
elif(board[4] == board[5] and board[5] == board[6]):
return True;
# horizontally , third row of the board contains same mark, it is win
elif(board[7] == board[8] and board[8] == board[9]):
return True;
# if all the above cases fails, then it is lose
else:
return False;
#
#This module checks if boxes in anyone of the cols have the same value
#The module returns True if that is the case and False otherwise
#
def checkCols(value):
#Complete
# vertically , first column of the board contains same mark, it is win
if (board[1] == board[4] and board[4] == board[7]):
return True;
# vertically , second column of the board contains same mark, it is win
elif (board[2] and board[5] and board[5] == board[8]):
return True;

6. # vertically , third column of the board contains same mark, it is win
elif (board[3] and board[6] and board[6] == board[9]):
return True;
else:
return False;
#
#This module checks if boxes in anyone of the diagonals have the same value
#The module returns True if that is the case and False otherwise
#
def checkDiagonal(value):
#Complete
#diagonal check for same mark. if yes , then it is win
if (board[1] and board[5] and board[5] == board[9]):
return True;
#diagonal check for same mark. if yes , then it is win
elif (board[3] and board[5] and board[5] == board[7]):
return True;
else:
return False;
#This module determines whether or not a player wins after playing the
# a turn. This module uses checkDiagonal, checkRows and checkCols to
# ascertain if the player wins. As least one of the options (checkDiagonal,
# checkCols and checkRows must return a True.
# This module returns True if the player wins and False, otherwise
# This module also print
# 'Player 0 Wins' if player 0 wins
# 'Player 1 Wins' if player 1 wins
def win(player):
#Complete
if(checkRows(player)==True or checkCols(player)==True or checkDiagonal(player)==True):
if(player==0):
print('Player 0 wins');
else:
print('Player 1 wins');
return True;
else:

7. return False;
#This module is only for 1 player only. In this case, this player
#plays with the machine. The machine uses random numbers. Random numbers are
#generated and tested to determine whether or not the generated random number has been
#played. The first generated random number that has not been played is chosen.
#If after 100 trials, no unplayed is found, nothing is done and a warning is
#sent to the player. IT IS ASSUMED THAT THIS SCENARIO WILL NOT OCCUR. NOTE
THAT
#THERE IS NOT INTELLIGENCE BUILT IN TO PROGRAM THAT WILL ALLOW
COMPUTER TO
#CHOOSE THE BEST NUMBER TO PLAY. YOU WILL RECEIVE BONUS POINT IF YOU
COULD
#MODIFY THE MODULE TO ALLOW COMPUTER SELECT THE BEST NUMBER.
#
def machinePlay(player):
print('Player ', player, '***Computer*** playing')
seed()
r = randint(1,9)
index = 0
while index<100 and (board[r-1] ==0 or board[r-1] ==-1):
r = randint(1,9)
index = index + 1
if index < 100:
changeBoard(r,player)
printBoard()
else:
print('Computer could not play after 100 trials')
#The module plays the tictactoe game, using modules defined above.
#The module allows players to play any number of games until the
# payer(s) decides to quit. This represent the first while loop.
#The second while loop allows players to take turns making rounds. Note that
#since there are 9 box numbers total, the maximum number of rounds is 9. If
# after 9 rounds and there is no winner, the board is reset and player(s) will
# prompted to determine whether or not to start a new game.
#
def ticTacToe(numPlayers):

8. quitPlay = 'n'
while (quitPlay == 'n'):
reset()
printBoard()
if numPlayers == 2:
playover = False
rounds = 0
while not(playover) and rounds<9:
player = 0
play(player)
playover = win(player)
rounds = rounds + 1
if not(playover) and rounds <9 :
player = 1
play(player)
playover = win(player)
rounds = rounds + 1
if rounds >= 9:
print("It is a draw")
elif numPlayers == 1:
playover = False
rounds = 1
while not(playover) and rounds<=9:
player = 0
play(player)
playover = win(player)
rounds = rounds + 1
if not(playover) and rounds <9 :
player = 1
machinePlay(player)
playover = win(player)
rounds = rounds + 1
if rounds > 9:
print("It is a draw")
else:
print('Oohs! Number of players is not 1 or 2')

9. quitPlay = 'y'
if quitPlay != 'y':
quitPlay = input('Do you want to quit?')
def main():
print('Welcome to TicTacToe Game')
print('Project')
print('This game can be played by one or two players')
numPlayers = int(input('Enter the number of players, 1/2 for one/two players: '))
ticTacToe(numPlayers)
print('Thanks for playing TicTapToe!')
main()
#end program
Solution
#In this project you will write a program play TicTacToe
#using two players (labels 0,1) or one play (label 0) playing with the machine (label 1).
#The TicTacToe board has 9 integers board = [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9]. The following
# are the modules for the program
#
#def reset() resets the board to the original values
# board = [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9]
#
#def printBoard() print the current state of the board using the format
#
#The current TicTacToe Board
# | 1 | 2 | 3 |
# | 4 | 5 | 6 |
# | 7 | O | 9 |
#
#The current TicTacToe Board
# | X | 2 | 3 |
# | 4 | 5 | 6 |
# | 7 | O | 9 |
#Note from the above that player 0 and 1 have played numbers 8 and 1
#respectively and the board display O for player 0 and X from player 1

10. #
#def changeBoard(num1, player) using the chosen box number to change
#the value of the box to 0 or -1 depending on whether the player is 0 or 1,
#respectively.
#
#def play(player) prints the player number (0 or 1) and prompts the player
# to enter a box value that have not changed to 'O' or 'X'
#
#def checkRows(value) checks to see which of the rows of the board
# has the same value and returns True, otherwise, returns False
#
#def checkCols(value) checks to see which of the cols of the board
# has the same value and returns True, otherwise, returns False
#
#def checkDiagonal(value) checks to see which of the diagonals of the board
# has the same value and returns True, otherwise, returns False
#
#def win(player) checks if a player wins the game, returns True of the player wins
# and False otherwise
#
#def machinePlay(player) plays the role of the player using random number.
# this function generates numbers in the interval [1,9] and uses the first
# generated random number that has not been used to play the game. The
#
#def ticTacToe(numPlayers) accepts the number of players and simulates the
#ticTapToe, asking players to enter unused box numbers.
#
#def main() is the driver module that accepts the number of players from the user
# and calls the ticTacToe module
#Assignment: Complete the follwoing modules:
#checkCols
#checkRows
#checkDiagonal
#win
#Sample of the output is
#

11. #Project
#This game can be played by one or two players
#Enter the number of players, 1/2 for one/two players: 1
#
#The current TicTapToe Board
#| 1 | 2 | 3 |
#| 4 | 5 | 6 |
#| 7 | 8 | 9 |
#Player 0 Enter a box value: 9
#
#The current TicTapToe Board
#| 1 | 2 | 3 |
#| 4 | 5 | 6 |
#| 7 | 8 | O |
#Player 1 ***Computer*** playing
#The current TicTapToe Board
#| 1 | 2 | 3 |
#| 4 | 5 | 6 |
#| 7 | X | O |
#Player 0 Enter a box value: 1
#
#The current TicTapToe Board
#| O | 2 | 3 |
#| 4 | 5 | 6 |
#| 7 | X | O |
#Player 1 ***Computer*** playing
#
#The current TicTapToe Board
#| O | X | 3 |
#| 4 | 5 | 6 |
#| 7 | X | O |
#Player 0 Enter a box value: 5
#
#The current TicTapToe Board
#| O | X | 3 |
#| 4 | O | 6 |

12. #| 7 | X | O |
#Player 0 Wins
#Do you want to quit?
#Begin Program
#import random number generator
#from random library
#from random import randint, seed
#Global variable board representing the ticTacToe board
board = [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9]
#This module resets the ticTacToe board to the original values
def reset():
for k in range(1,10): #loop through a sequence [1,2,3,..,9]
board[k-1] = k
#This module prints the ticTacToe board in a 3 by 3 matrix
#using the format
# | 1 | 2 | 3 |
# | 4 | 5 | 6 |
# | 7 | 8 | 9 |
#
def printBoard ():
print(' The current TicTapToe Board')
for m in range(3):
string = '| '
for n in range(3):
if board[n+3*m] == 0:
string = string + ' O |'
elif board[n+3*m] == -1:
string = string + ' X |'
else:
string = string + ' ' + str(board[n+3*m]) + ' |'
print(string)
#This module changes the value (num1) of a box in the ticTacTop board chosen
# by player 0 to 0 and player 1 to -1
#

13. def changeBoard(num1,player):
for k in range(len(board)):
if board[k] == num1 and player == 0:
board[k] = 0
elif board[k] == num1 and player == 1:
board[k] = -1
#This module prompts the player to enter a box value. The format is
# 'Player Enter a box value'
#
def printBoard ():
print(' The current TicTapToe Board')
for m in range(3):
string = '| '
for n in range(3):
if board[n+3*m] == 0:
string = string + ' O |'
elif board[n+3*m] == -1:
string = string + ' X |'
else:
string = string + ' ' + str(board[n+3*m]) + ' |'
print(string)
#This module checks if boxes in anyone of the rows have the same value
#The module returns True if that is the case and False otherwise
#
def checkRows(value):
#Complete
# horizontally , first row of the board contains same mark, it is win
if(board[1] == board[2] and board[2] == board[3]):
return True;
# horizontally , second row of the board contains same mark, it is win
elif(board[4] == board[5] and board[5] == board[6]):
return True;
# horizontally , third row of the board contains same mark, it is win
elif(board[7] == board[8] and board[8] == board[9]):
return True;
# if all the above cases fails, then it is lose

14. else:
return False;
#
#This module checks if boxes in anyone of the cols have the same value
#The module returns True if that is the case and False otherwise
#
def checkCols(value):
#Complete
# vertically , first column of the board contains same mark, it is win
if (board[1] == board[4] and board[4] == board[7]):
return True;
# vertically , second column of the board contains same mark, it is win
elif (board[2] and board[5] and board[5] == board[8]):
return True;
# vertically , third column of the board contains same mark, it is win
elif (board[3] and board[6] and board[6] == board[9]):
return True;
else:
return False;
#
#This module checks if boxes in anyone of the diagonals have the same value
#The module returns True if that is the case and False otherwise
#
def checkDiagonal(value):
#Complete
#diagonal check for same mark. if yes , then it is win
if (board[1] and board[5] and board[5] == board[9]):
return True;
#diagonal check for same mark. if yes , then it is win
elif (board[3] and board[5] and board[5] == board[7]):
return True;
else:
return False;
#This module determines whether or not a player wins after playing the
# a turn. This module uses checkDiagonal, checkRows and checkCols to
# ascertain if the player wins. As least one of the options (checkDiagonal,

15. # checkCols and checkRows must return a True.
# This module returns True if the player wins and False, otherwise
# This module also print
# 'Player 0 Wins' if player 0 wins
# 'Player 1 Wins' if player 1 wins
def win(player):
#Complete
if(checkRows(player)==True or checkCols(player)==True or checkDiagonal(player)==True):
if(player==0):
print('Player 0 wins');
else:
print('Player 1 wins');
return True;
else:
return False;
#This module is only for 1 player only. In this case, this player
#plays with the machine. The machine uses random numbers. Random numbers are
#generated and tested to determine whether or not the generated random number has been
#played. The first generated random number that has not been played is chosen.
#If after 100 trials, no unplayed is found, nothing is done and a warning is
#sent to the player. IT IS ASSUMED THAT THIS SCENARIO WILL NOT OCCUR. NOTE
THAT
#THERE IS NOT INTELLIGENCE BUILT IN TO PROGRAM THAT WILL ALLOW
COMPUTER TO
#CHOOSE THE BEST NUMBER TO PLAY. YOU WILL RECEIVE BONUS POINT IF YOU
COULD
#MODIFY THE MODULE TO ALLOW COMPUTER SELECT THE BEST NUMBER.
#
def machinePlay(player):
print('Player ', player, '***Computer*** playing')
seed()
r = randint(1,9)
index = 0
while index<100 and (board[r-1] ==0 or board[r-1] ==-1):
r = randint(1,9)
index = index + 1

16. if index < 100:
changeBoard(r,player)
printBoard()
else:
print('Computer could not play after 100 trials')
#The module plays the tictactoe game, using modules defined above.
#The module allows players to play any number of games until the
# payer(s) decides to quit. This represent the first while loop.
#The second while loop allows players to take turns making rounds. Note that
#since there are 9 box numbers total, the maximum number of rounds is 9. If
# after 9 rounds and there is no winner, the board is reset and player(s) will
# prompted to determine whether or not to start a new game.
#
def ticTacToe(numPlayers):
quitPlay = 'n'
while (quitPlay == 'n'):
reset()
printBoard()
if numPlayers == 2:
playover = False
rounds = 0
while not(playover) and rounds<9:
player = 0
play(player)
playover = win(player)
rounds = rounds + 1
if not(playover) and rounds <9 :
player = 1
play(player)
playover = win(player)
rounds = rounds + 1
if rounds >= 9:
print("It is a draw")
elif numPlayers == 1:
playover = False
rounds = 1

17. while not(playover) and rounds<=9:
player = 0
play(player)
playover = win(player)
rounds = rounds + 1
if not(playover) and rounds <9 :
player = 1
machinePlay(player)
playover = win(player)
rounds = rounds + 1
if rounds > 9:
print("It is a draw")
else:
print('Oohs! Number of players is not 1 or 2')
quitPlay = 'y'
if quitPlay != 'y':
quitPlay = input('Do you want to quit?')
def main():
print('Welcome to TicTacToe Game')
print('Project')
print('This game can be played by one or two players')
numPlayers = int(input('Enter the number of players, 1/2 for one/two players: '))
ticTacToe(numPlayers)
print('Thanks for playing TicTapToe!')
main()
#end program