This Technical Bulletin is another in our series of white papers aimed at providing our clients, engineers, specifiers, contractors, fabricators, and friends with objective information on our products and those of our competitors. This Bulletin focuses on a comparison of the physical properties of closed cell2 polyisocyanurate3 (polyiso or PIR) rigid foam insulation products with those of cellular glass insulation products for demanding below-ambient applications such as cryogenic, refrigerant, and chilled water where energy efficiency, moisture intrusion, and condensation are issues.
Technical Bulletin 0213 Polyisocyanurate vs. Cellular Glass InsulationJoe Hughes
This Technical Bulletin is another in our series of white papers aimed at providing our clients, engineers, specifiers, contractors, fabricators, and friends with objective information on our products and those of our competitors. This Bulletin focuses on a comparison of the physical properties of closed cell2 polyisocyanurate3 (polyiso or PIR) rigid foam insulation products with those of cellular glass insulation products for demanding below-ambient applications such as cryogenic, refrigerant, and chilled water where energy efficiency, moisture intrusion, and condensation are issues.
Customer Bulletin 0610 Polyisocyanurate vs. Cellular Glass InsulationJoe Hughes
This Customer Bulletin is another in our series of white papers aimed at providing our clients, engineers, contractors, fabricators, and friends with objective information on our products and those of our competitors. This Bulletin focuses on a comparison of the physical properties of closed cell polyisocyanurate (PIR or polyiso) rigid foam insulation with those of cellular glass insulation for below ambient applications such as chilled water through cryogenic application where moisture intrusion or condensation can be an issue.
Whertec provides specialized thermal coatings called Tube Armor to protect metal substrates in power plants and industrial boilers from erosion and corrosion. Tube Armor forms a barrier between boiler tubes and slag deposits, increasing equipment lifespan and reducing unplanned maintenance outages. It can be applied quickly in a single shift during scheduled outages to cover large surface areas up to 20,000 square feet. Tube Armor has been proven effective at preventing slag buildup and improving efficiency, saving customers millions in maintenance costs and lost generation.
SCL 50 is a modified acrylic coating which, when cured, will form a seamless membrane over all types of pitched roof surfaces.
SCL 50 has the benefit of being a cold applied material and may be used as a single or multi coat application.
SCL 50 can be used on the following surfaces: asphalt, felt, asbestos cement sheets, tiles and slates.
Read more: http://www.seamlesscoatings.co.uk/scl-50-smoothseal
The document introduces a new line of pre-insulated tubing and piping systems called Series 6200 for various industries. Traditionally, small diameter pipes were insulated in the field which was labor intensive and often resulted in gaps and deficiencies in the insulation and jacket. The Series 6200 provides tubing, insulation, and outer jacket as one manufactured unit for faster, more efficient installation with fewer gaps and a smooth outer jacket to reduce contaminant buildup. It is available for food and pharmaceutical, cryogenic, and industrial steam applications.
The Filoform Quicki range of Gel Joints are designed for use in outdoor, direct buried, and some submersible applications where moisture protection is critical. They are mainly used for unarmoured cables but can be used on some armoured cables with an armour continuity kit. The gel joints require no specialist tooling, have double seals for moisture protection, and have a high temperature resistant gel that works from -40°C to +140°C. They are suitable for jointing most cable types like XLPE, PVC, and EPR and include a gel filled shell, connector block, cable ties, and instructions.
Pultrusion is a process where reinforcing fibers are pulled through a die and impregnated with polyurethane resin to form a cured composite profile. Polyurethane resin offers improved mechanical properties over traditional resins like polyester and vinyl ester, including greater toughness, shear strength, and impact strength. Pultrusion Technologies produces a fiberglass composite sheetpile system using this polyurethane pultrusion process that is well-suited for marine applications like seawalls and bulkheads due to its strength and corrosion resistance.
13 Insider Secrets to Purchase and Application of PolyureaJohn Becker
This document provides 13 insider tips for purchasing and applying polyurea coatings. It warns that many coating manufacturers do not disclose important information. Some key points covered include:
- Open time/working time is important for coatings to properly adhere, but fast-curing coatings risk poor adhesion.
- Claims of "zero VOCs" or "no solvents" may be misleading as exempt solvents are often used but not disclosed. Solvent-based coatings are inherently more porous.
- Crosslink density, the density of polymer threads in the coating, determines how well it can block penetration of substances. High crosslink density coatings without solvents block best.
- Not all
Technical Bulletin 0213 Polyisocyanurate vs. Cellular Glass InsulationJoe Hughes
This Technical Bulletin is another in our series of white papers aimed at providing our clients, engineers, specifiers, contractors, fabricators, and friends with objective information on our products and those of our competitors. This Bulletin focuses on a comparison of the physical properties of closed cell2 polyisocyanurate3 (polyiso or PIR) rigid foam insulation products with those of cellular glass insulation products for demanding below-ambient applications such as cryogenic, refrigerant, and chilled water where energy efficiency, moisture intrusion, and condensation are issues.
Customer Bulletin 0610 Polyisocyanurate vs. Cellular Glass InsulationJoe Hughes
This Customer Bulletin is another in our series of white papers aimed at providing our clients, engineers, contractors, fabricators, and friends with objective information on our products and those of our competitors. This Bulletin focuses on a comparison of the physical properties of closed cell polyisocyanurate (PIR or polyiso) rigid foam insulation with those of cellular glass insulation for below ambient applications such as chilled water through cryogenic application where moisture intrusion or condensation can be an issue.
Whertec provides specialized thermal coatings called Tube Armor to protect metal substrates in power plants and industrial boilers from erosion and corrosion. Tube Armor forms a barrier between boiler tubes and slag deposits, increasing equipment lifespan and reducing unplanned maintenance outages. It can be applied quickly in a single shift during scheduled outages to cover large surface areas up to 20,000 square feet. Tube Armor has been proven effective at preventing slag buildup and improving efficiency, saving customers millions in maintenance costs and lost generation.
SCL 50 is a modified acrylic coating which, when cured, will form a seamless membrane over all types of pitched roof surfaces.
SCL 50 has the benefit of being a cold applied material and may be used as a single or multi coat application.
SCL 50 can be used on the following surfaces: asphalt, felt, asbestos cement sheets, tiles and slates.
Read more: http://www.seamlesscoatings.co.uk/scl-50-smoothseal
The document introduces a new line of pre-insulated tubing and piping systems called Series 6200 for various industries. Traditionally, small diameter pipes were insulated in the field which was labor intensive and often resulted in gaps and deficiencies in the insulation and jacket. The Series 6200 provides tubing, insulation, and outer jacket as one manufactured unit for faster, more efficient installation with fewer gaps and a smooth outer jacket to reduce contaminant buildup. It is available for food and pharmaceutical, cryogenic, and industrial steam applications.
The Filoform Quicki range of Gel Joints are designed for use in outdoor, direct buried, and some submersible applications where moisture protection is critical. They are mainly used for unarmoured cables but can be used on some armoured cables with an armour continuity kit. The gel joints require no specialist tooling, have double seals for moisture protection, and have a high temperature resistant gel that works from -40°C to +140°C. They are suitable for jointing most cable types like XLPE, PVC, and EPR and include a gel filled shell, connector block, cable ties, and instructions.
Pultrusion is a process where reinforcing fibers are pulled through a die and impregnated with polyurethane resin to form a cured composite profile. Polyurethane resin offers improved mechanical properties over traditional resins like polyester and vinyl ester, including greater toughness, shear strength, and impact strength. Pultrusion Technologies produces a fiberglass composite sheetpile system using this polyurethane pultrusion process that is well-suited for marine applications like seawalls and bulkheads due to its strength and corrosion resistance.
13 Insider Secrets to Purchase and Application of PolyureaJohn Becker
This document provides 13 insider tips for purchasing and applying polyurea coatings. It warns that many coating manufacturers do not disclose important information. Some key points covered include:
- Open time/working time is important for coatings to properly adhere, but fast-curing coatings risk poor adhesion.
- Claims of "zero VOCs" or "no solvents" may be misleading as exempt solvents are often used but not disclosed. Solvent-based coatings are inherently more porous.
- Crosslink density, the density of polymer threads in the coating, determines how well it can block penetration of substances. High crosslink density coatings without solvents block best.
- Not all
Customer bulletin 0717 ISO C1® Polyisocyanurate Insulation Flame Spread and S...Dyplast Products
This Customer Bulletin is another in a series of white papers aimed at providing our clients, engineers, contractors, fabricators, and friends with objective information on competitive products and on items that affect our industry. Marketing literature for insulation products on the internet and in printed media often address the flame spread index (FSI) and smoke developed index (SDI) as measured in accordance with
ASTM E84 or comparable standards. This Customer Bulletin provides factual, clarifying information concerning ISO-C1’s FSI and SDI as well as other important points relating to the combustion properties of polyisocyanurate foam.
The document discusses various types of insulation materials and their applications. It describes how radiant barriers made from aluminum foil or fiberglass reflect solar energy to keep premises cooler with less air conditioning usage. Different products are highlighted including their compositions, weights, vapor barriers, and temperature resistances. Applications mentioned include use in roofs, walls, pipes, floors, water heaters, and construction projects for fireproofing, soundproofing, and other purposes.
This document provides information on casing spacers and end seals produced by CCI Pipeline Systems for pipe protection. It describes the company's models of casing spacers which include stainless steel, carbon steel, polyethylene, and heat shrinkable end seal options. Key details are provided on materials, applications, advantages over wood skids, ordering information, and warranty. The document aims to inform customers on CCI's full line of casing spacer and end seal products for concrete, PVC, ductile iron, polyethylene, and steel cased pipeline crossing applications.
The document discusses Parker's sealing systems for pneumatic applications. It describes Parker's range of sealing elements for pneumatic cylinders, including rod seals, piston seals, cushioning seals, and combined seal/wiper rings. It also discusses special sealing solutions for applications involving extreme temperatures, aggressive chemicals, or contaminated environments. The document emphasizes Parker's experience developing sealing compounds and systems tailored for specific customer needs and applications in industries such as food processing and chemicals.
Integrated Sealing Systems Division specializes in innovative polymeric sealing systems and over-molded technologies. They have manufacturing locations in Lynchburg, VA, Ligonier, IN, and Matamoros, Mexico that produce products like carrier gaskets, filter gaskets, piston seals, and fasteners. ISS offers molding technologies, testing facilities, research and development capabilities, and engineering services to design customized sealing solutions.
The document is about Encap Systems, a company that provides encapsulating and protective coating systems for buildings. It discusses some common building problems like water intrusion and cracked walls. It then provides details about Encap Systems' products like Encap Seal, a cementitious coating that is moisture resistant, breathable, and adheres strongly to surfaces. It lists competitive advantages over other products and examples of past projects where Encap Systems' products were used.
Contrary to dictionary definition, there is no such thing as complete hermeticity. All materials are gas permeable to some degree. A quality hermetic seal keeps the internal environment safe from contamination by external moisture and gases for its designed lifespan. This lifespan can range from a few months for a candy bar wrapper to decades
for high-reliability military electronics.
Started to create milestones, we S. M. Adhesives marked our presence in the year 1998 and operates in the manufacturing/servicing of Inorganic Concrete Penetrant And Water Repellent, Expansion Joint Water Proofing System, SMAC EPOTAR HB (Coal Tar Epoxy Coating), Ecofriendly Exterior Paint, Drain Outlets Water Proofing System since 13 years. Our quality services/products have always won us many appreciations from our clients. Our spontaneous performance and confident approach in offering the excellent range of Inorganic Concrete Penetrant And Water Repellent, Expansion Joint Water Proofing System, SMAC EPOTAR HB (Coal Tar Epoxy Coating), Ecofriendly Exterior Paint, Drain Outlets Water Proofing System, Anti Corrosive Coating that has made us to deepen our roots in the market. We S. M. Adhesives breathe with the aim to satisfy our clients with our smart products/services. We are a unit of highly experienced professionals who all contribute best of their potentials to offer high efficiency.
The document is about Encap Systems, a company that provides encapsulating and protective coating systems for buildings. It discusses some common building problems like water intrusion and cracked walls. It then provides details about Encap Systems' products like Encap Seal, a cementitious coating that is moisture curing, breathable, and adheres strongly to surfaces. It lists competitive advantages over other products and examples of past projects where Encap Systems' products were used.
We are manufacturer and Suppliers of Lead Sheets. Lead sheets are thin flexible sheets made out of lead alloy. Lead Sheets are anti-corrosive.
Visit Us :- http://stainlesssteelfoils.com/category-lead-sheet-11.htm
Various NEMA electrical enclosures are available based on the kind of protection required. In this PPT you will find how to select the right electrical enclosure
This document provides information on various types of o-rings including materials, temperature ranges, and applications. It discusses aflas o-rings which are made of a fluororubber and can withstand temperatures up to 550 degrees F. Buna o-rings, also called nitrile o-rings, are the most widely used as they are inexpensive and resist water, oil, and some fuels but not sunlight. EPDM o-rings offer resistance to steam and mild chemicals and are used in water systems, braking systems, and various industries. O-ring kits containing common sizes are available in nitrile, fluoroelastomer, and silicone materials.
Fosroc is an international company that provides waterproofing and construction solutions. They offer a broad portfolio of products for waterproofing including membranes, waterstops, sealants, coatings, and more. These products are backed by testing and certifications. Fosroc works with customers to evaluate projects and recommend customized solutions based on each project's specific needs in order to deliver the best outcomes. They have expertise in waterproofing for below-grade, above-grade, and wet area applications.
This document discusses corrosion under insulation (CUI). It occurs when moisture accumulates between insulation and equipment, trapping corrosive components. Factors like moisture, corrosive fluids, and elevated temperatures from insulation can cause corrosion rates of around 4 mm per year in carbon steel. Visual inspection is commonly used to detect CUI but has limitations. Preventing CUI involves stopping water penetration into insulation and using protective barriers to isolate the metal surface from corrosives. Improving insulation system designs and maintaining seals are recommended prevention methods.
Trustin Pipe Brochure designed by Balikpapandesign.comMuhammad Iwan
This document discusses HDPE pipe produced by Eurapipe Indonesia for water, process, industrial, and mining applications. It provides information on:
- Eurapipe Indonesia's production of HDPE pipe from 15mm to 1000mm diameter for transmission and distribution applications.
- Jointing methods for HDPE pipe including butt welding, electrofusion, flanges, and mechanical couplings.
- Applications of HDPE pipe in water/wastewater infrastructure, mining/mineral processing, and industrial uses.
- Advantages of HDPE pipe including corrosion resistance, flexibility, impact resistance, smooth bore, and lightweight.
Star Coatings & Membranes Pvt. Ltd. is a company that has been designing construction chemicals and waterproofing systems for 15 years. It manufactures over 140 products at facilities in India and the UAE, serving 6 countries. The company's vision is to provide eco-friendly and cost-effective specialty chemicals to the construction industry with a commitment to excellence. Its product range includes admixtures, waterproof coatings and membranes, grouting products, and epoxy and polyurethane coatings. Star Coatings has a number of prestigious clients in various industries such as the military, railways, airports, and major corporations.
Este documento presenta las actividades de aprendizaje para la fase de inducción de un proyecto de asesores en ventas de productos y servicios a microempresas en el municipio de Zarzal. Entre las actividades se encuentran la conformación de grupos para consultar sobre la historia, misión, visión, principios y valores del SENA, indagar sobre el sistema educativo colombiano y explicar el significado del logotipo del SENA. También incluye leer el himno del SENA y diseñar un crucigrama sobre los derechos y deberes del
Clinical translation of prostate cancer genomics, Department of Biosciences a...Copenhagenomics
This document discusses clinical translation of prostate cancer genomics. It notes that prostate cancer is very common and a major health challenge. Through genome-wide association studies, 75 genetic loci have been identified that are associated with prostate cancer risk. Improved diagnostics using a combination of over 100 markers could enable more accurate screening and reduce unnecessary biopsies by 50%. Ongoing clinical trials aim to develop genomic panels to better identify which patients need treatment and predict patient outcomes after treatment. Circulating tumor DNA may also help monitor patients after treatment. Overall, the goal is to improve risk stratification, targeting of therapy, and monitoring of patients through genomic and biomarker analysis.
The document summarizes the schedule and activities for the PUMA DARTS - The International Youth Player Dart Summer Camp 2012, which was held from August 1-7, 2012 in Shanghai, China. The camp aimed to promote darts among adolescents, enhance youth skills in the sport, and increase international cooperation. It was organized by several local dart associations and sports companies and hosted at the Shanghai Xuhui Youth Sports School. Over the course of a week, 12 foreign and 10 Chinese youth dart players engaged in training, tournaments, cultural experiences, and tours of Shanghai landmarks under the guidance of 2 foreign coaches.
Customer bulletin 0717 ISO C1® Polyisocyanurate Insulation Flame Spread and S...Dyplast Products
This Customer Bulletin is another in a series of white papers aimed at providing our clients, engineers, contractors, fabricators, and friends with objective information on competitive products and on items that affect our industry. Marketing literature for insulation products on the internet and in printed media often address the flame spread index (FSI) and smoke developed index (SDI) as measured in accordance with
ASTM E84 or comparable standards. This Customer Bulletin provides factual, clarifying information concerning ISO-C1’s FSI and SDI as well as other important points relating to the combustion properties of polyisocyanurate foam.
The document discusses various types of insulation materials and their applications. It describes how radiant barriers made from aluminum foil or fiberglass reflect solar energy to keep premises cooler with less air conditioning usage. Different products are highlighted including their compositions, weights, vapor barriers, and temperature resistances. Applications mentioned include use in roofs, walls, pipes, floors, water heaters, and construction projects for fireproofing, soundproofing, and other purposes.
This document provides information on casing spacers and end seals produced by CCI Pipeline Systems for pipe protection. It describes the company's models of casing spacers which include stainless steel, carbon steel, polyethylene, and heat shrinkable end seal options. Key details are provided on materials, applications, advantages over wood skids, ordering information, and warranty. The document aims to inform customers on CCI's full line of casing spacer and end seal products for concrete, PVC, ductile iron, polyethylene, and steel cased pipeline crossing applications.
The document discusses Parker's sealing systems for pneumatic applications. It describes Parker's range of sealing elements for pneumatic cylinders, including rod seals, piston seals, cushioning seals, and combined seal/wiper rings. It also discusses special sealing solutions for applications involving extreme temperatures, aggressive chemicals, or contaminated environments. The document emphasizes Parker's experience developing sealing compounds and systems tailored for specific customer needs and applications in industries such as food processing and chemicals.
Integrated Sealing Systems Division specializes in innovative polymeric sealing systems and over-molded technologies. They have manufacturing locations in Lynchburg, VA, Ligonier, IN, and Matamoros, Mexico that produce products like carrier gaskets, filter gaskets, piston seals, and fasteners. ISS offers molding technologies, testing facilities, research and development capabilities, and engineering services to design customized sealing solutions.
The document is about Encap Systems, a company that provides encapsulating and protective coating systems for buildings. It discusses some common building problems like water intrusion and cracked walls. It then provides details about Encap Systems' products like Encap Seal, a cementitious coating that is moisture resistant, breathable, and adheres strongly to surfaces. It lists competitive advantages over other products and examples of past projects where Encap Systems' products were used.
Contrary to dictionary definition, there is no such thing as complete hermeticity. All materials are gas permeable to some degree. A quality hermetic seal keeps the internal environment safe from contamination by external moisture and gases for its designed lifespan. This lifespan can range from a few months for a candy bar wrapper to decades
for high-reliability military electronics.
Started to create milestones, we S. M. Adhesives marked our presence in the year 1998 and operates in the manufacturing/servicing of Inorganic Concrete Penetrant And Water Repellent, Expansion Joint Water Proofing System, SMAC EPOTAR HB (Coal Tar Epoxy Coating), Ecofriendly Exterior Paint, Drain Outlets Water Proofing System since 13 years. Our quality services/products have always won us many appreciations from our clients. Our spontaneous performance and confident approach in offering the excellent range of Inorganic Concrete Penetrant And Water Repellent, Expansion Joint Water Proofing System, SMAC EPOTAR HB (Coal Tar Epoxy Coating), Ecofriendly Exterior Paint, Drain Outlets Water Proofing System, Anti Corrosive Coating that has made us to deepen our roots in the market. We S. M. Adhesives breathe with the aim to satisfy our clients with our smart products/services. We are a unit of highly experienced professionals who all contribute best of their potentials to offer high efficiency.
The document is about Encap Systems, a company that provides encapsulating and protective coating systems for buildings. It discusses some common building problems like water intrusion and cracked walls. It then provides details about Encap Systems' products like Encap Seal, a cementitious coating that is moisture curing, breathable, and adheres strongly to surfaces. It lists competitive advantages over other products and examples of past projects where Encap Systems' products were used.
We are manufacturer and Suppliers of Lead Sheets. Lead sheets are thin flexible sheets made out of lead alloy. Lead Sheets are anti-corrosive.
Visit Us :- http://stainlesssteelfoils.com/category-lead-sheet-11.htm
Various NEMA electrical enclosures are available based on the kind of protection required. In this PPT you will find how to select the right electrical enclosure
This document provides information on various types of o-rings including materials, temperature ranges, and applications. It discusses aflas o-rings which are made of a fluororubber and can withstand temperatures up to 550 degrees F. Buna o-rings, also called nitrile o-rings, are the most widely used as they are inexpensive and resist water, oil, and some fuels but not sunlight. EPDM o-rings offer resistance to steam and mild chemicals and are used in water systems, braking systems, and various industries. O-ring kits containing common sizes are available in nitrile, fluoroelastomer, and silicone materials.
Fosroc is an international company that provides waterproofing and construction solutions. They offer a broad portfolio of products for waterproofing including membranes, waterstops, sealants, coatings, and more. These products are backed by testing and certifications. Fosroc works with customers to evaluate projects and recommend customized solutions based on each project's specific needs in order to deliver the best outcomes. They have expertise in waterproofing for below-grade, above-grade, and wet area applications.
This document discusses corrosion under insulation (CUI). It occurs when moisture accumulates between insulation and equipment, trapping corrosive components. Factors like moisture, corrosive fluids, and elevated temperatures from insulation can cause corrosion rates of around 4 mm per year in carbon steel. Visual inspection is commonly used to detect CUI but has limitations. Preventing CUI involves stopping water penetration into insulation and using protective barriers to isolate the metal surface from corrosives. Improving insulation system designs and maintaining seals are recommended prevention methods.
Trustin Pipe Brochure designed by Balikpapandesign.comMuhammad Iwan
This document discusses HDPE pipe produced by Eurapipe Indonesia for water, process, industrial, and mining applications. It provides information on:
- Eurapipe Indonesia's production of HDPE pipe from 15mm to 1000mm diameter for transmission and distribution applications.
- Jointing methods for HDPE pipe including butt welding, electrofusion, flanges, and mechanical couplings.
- Applications of HDPE pipe in water/wastewater infrastructure, mining/mineral processing, and industrial uses.
- Advantages of HDPE pipe including corrosion resistance, flexibility, impact resistance, smooth bore, and lightweight.
Star Coatings & Membranes Pvt. Ltd. is a company that has been designing construction chemicals and waterproofing systems for 15 years. It manufactures over 140 products at facilities in India and the UAE, serving 6 countries. The company's vision is to provide eco-friendly and cost-effective specialty chemicals to the construction industry with a commitment to excellence. Its product range includes admixtures, waterproof coatings and membranes, grouting products, and epoxy and polyurethane coatings. Star Coatings has a number of prestigious clients in various industries such as the military, railways, airports, and major corporations.
Este documento presenta las actividades de aprendizaje para la fase de inducción de un proyecto de asesores en ventas de productos y servicios a microempresas en el municipio de Zarzal. Entre las actividades se encuentran la conformación de grupos para consultar sobre la historia, misión, visión, principios y valores del SENA, indagar sobre el sistema educativo colombiano y explicar el significado del logotipo del SENA. También incluye leer el himno del SENA y diseñar un crucigrama sobre los derechos y deberes del
Clinical translation of prostate cancer genomics, Department of Biosciences a...Copenhagenomics
This document discusses clinical translation of prostate cancer genomics. It notes that prostate cancer is very common and a major health challenge. Through genome-wide association studies, 75 genetic loci have been identified that are associated with prostate cancer risk. Improved diagnostics using a combination of over 100 markers could enable more accurate screening and reduce unnecessary biopsies by 50%. Ongoing clinical trials aim to develop genomic panels to better identify which patients need treatment and predict patient outcomes after treatment. Circulating tumor DNA may also help monitor patients after treatment. Overall, the goal is to improve risk stratification, targeting of therapy, and monitoring of patients through genomic and biomarker analysis.
The document summarizes the schedule and activities for the PUMA DARTS - The International Youth Player Dart Summer Camp 2012, which was held from August 1-7, 2012 in Shanghai, China. The camp aimed to promote darts among adolescents, enhance youth skills in the sport, and increase international cooperation. It was organized by several local dart associations and sports companies and hosted at the Shanghai Xuhui Youth Sports School. Over the course of a week, 12 foreign and 10 Chinese youth dart players engaged in training, tournaments, cultural experiences, and tours of Shanghai landmarks under the guidance of 2 foreign coaches.
Project investment 1 c&m investment mngmt logo belgeMustafa Celepoglu
The document describes an international hotel management company called Ultimate Hotel Management. It provides luxury hotel and resort brands, including Ultimate Beach Resort & Spa, Casa Ultimate, and The Ultimate. The company aims to provide exceptional entertainment, food and beverage concepts, and original design aesthetics. It focuses on authentic experiences, brand awareness, financial outperformance, and an experienced management team.
Media Studies is a subject that analyzes various forms of media such as television, radio, newspapers, magazines, and social media. It examines how media representations construct social reality and how audiences interpret these messages. Students taking Media Studies courses learn key concepts and theoretical approaches to understanding the relationship between media and society.
Cynthia Foster has just returned from a principals' meeting with the superintendent where she learned about new mandates and regulations. She is feeling overwhelmed by the increased workload and responsibilities under No Child Left Behind. As the new principal, she must determine how to balance leadership, decision making, communication, budgets, and accountability while considering the perspective of her teachers. Wise advice reminds her that true leadership requires others to follow.
Creative Partnerships commissioned Arts Inform to design, establish, manage and evaluate a two-phase mentoring programme pairing teachers in Creative Partnerships schools with representatives from cultural organizations. The evaluation of the second phase found that the 25 mentoring partnerships largely achieved their aims and objectives, which were highly relevant to the schools' work. Unexpected benefits included enhanced understanding between mentors and mentees as well as personal and professional growth for both parties. Evaluators emphasized the importance of structure, realistic expectations and school leadership support for partnership success.
Este documento proporciona instrucciones para buscar información efectivamente en Google, incluyendo usar frases exactas, restricciones de palabras, rangos numéricos, buscar definiciones, diferentes tipos de archivos, sitios específicos y gubernamentales, e imágenes. Recomienda el uso de comillas, múltiples palabras clave, el prefijo "filetype:" y separadores como puntos y comas para optimizar los resultados de búsqueda.
Ello: some suggestion for even better user experienceTobias Limbach
We like Ello! Beautiful design meets beautiful content. But sime small things can be improved, to deliver an even better user experience. Here are some suggestions.
The document summarizes the contributions of OpenStreetMap (OSM) in mapping efforts in Haiti following the 2010 earthquake. It details how OSM data was made available within days and used by responders. Hundreds of mappers were trained through programs run by the HOT (Humanitarian OpenStreetMap Team). By 2012, OSM data was being used by several organizations in Haiti for disaster risk management, education, health, and other mapping projects.
The document discusses wave energy and provides information on the following key points:
1. Waves are a concentrated form of solar energy generated by wind blowing across the sea surface. The energy within a wave is proportional to the square of its height.
2. Regions with the most potential for wave power include western coasts of Europe, northern Canada, southern Africa, Australasia, and northwestern US coasts.
3. The objectives of the wave energy device described are to provide a reliable, economical, and efficient device that can sustain extreme ocean conditions and generate electricity at full capacity without shutdowns.
There are many job opportunities available for Americans in Costa Rica across various industries such as education, conservation, hospitality, and more. Finding a job is not difficult, but it can be hard to avoid distractions from Costa Rica's natural beauty and climate. To legally work in Costa Rica, American citizens need a valid passport and driver's license. Temporary work and residence permits can be obtained after arriving, though the process takes time. Costa Rica offers a lower cost of living than the United States alongside career opportunities and natural attractions.
Tobacco control general for spain final finalUCT ICO
The document summarizes tobacco use and control efforts in the WHO European Region. It finds that the region has the highest smoking rates among WHO regions but is also making progress in some tobacco control areas. Specifically, it notes that the region has the highest cigarette prices and taxes globally but lowest implementation of large health warnings and pictorial warnings on packs. The region is protecting people from secondhand smoke through smoke-free laws but enforcement varies. Comprehensive policies like raising taxes, health warnings, and advertising bans can help reduce tobacco use but challenges remain regarding resources, political will, and industry interference.
Este documento proporciona instrucciones para buscar información efectivamente en Google, incluyendo usar frases exactas, restricciones de palabras, rangos numéricos, buscar definiciones, diferentes tipos de archivos, sitios específicos y gubernamentales, e imágenes. Recomienda el uso de comillas, múltiples palabras clave, el prefijo "filetype:" y separadores como puntos y comas para optimizar los resultados de búsqueda.
Technical Bulletin 0714 Elastomeric insulation versus polyisocyanurate in low...Dyplast Products
PURPOSE
Several of Dyplast’s prior Technical Bulletins have provided in-depth comparisons of various insulants, including polyisocyanurate (polyiso or PIR), polyurethane (PUR), phenolic, polystyrene (expanded EPS and extruded XPS), cellular glass, and fiberglass - - as well as less-than-comprehensive comparisons with elastomeric and aerogel. Now with somewhat more information becoming available from elastomeric manufacturers and the aggressive marketing from elastomeric suppliers for colder applications it is appropriate to dedicate a Technical Bulletin to elastomeric insulants as compared to polyisocyanurate - - and to a much lesser extent phenolic, and cellular glass.
Technical Bulletin 0714 Elastomeric insulation versus polyisocyanurate in low...Joe Hughes
PURPOSE
Several of Dyplast’s prior Technical Bulletins have provided in-depth comparisons of various insulants, including polyisocyanurate (polyiso or PIR), polyurethane (PUR), phenolic, polystyrene (expanded EPS and extruded XPS), cellular glass, and fiberglass - - as well as less-than-comprehensive comparisons with elastomeric and aerogel. Now with somewhat more information becoming available from elastomeric manufacturers and the aggressive marketing from elastomeric suppliers for colder applications it is appropriate to dedicate a Technical Bulletin to elastomeric insulants as compared to polyisocyanurate - - and to a much lesser extent phenolic, and cellular glass.
Technical Bulletin 1128A Mechanical Insulation In Typical Refrigeration Appli...Joe Hughes
As operating temperatures of mechanical equipment and piping systems drop, increased diligence must be exercised to optimize the insulation system’s performance and mitigate risks of future deterioration. When specifying and installing an insulation system for pipes or equipment operating at refrigerant temperatures (e.g. -70°F to 32°F) cutting corners or rationalizing compromises is imprudent since the operating costs and risks far outweigh any reduced capital costs; and it is important to note that the best systems are typically not the most expensive systems.
The Role of the Insulation System in Optimizing value in LNG FacilitiesDyplast Products
This document discusses the importance of selecting an optimal insulation system for LNG facilities to mitigate investment risks and optimize lifecycle performance. Key factors to consider in insulation selection include thermal conductivity at various temperatures, water vapor transmission, weight, cost, and third-party validation of physical properties. A case study of the Elba Island LNG facility highlights how selection of a specific polyisocyanurate insulation allowed for thinner insulation, easier handling and shipping, and schedule savings compared to alternatives. The article emphasizes that full disclosure of insulation properties and compliance with evolving standards is critical for stakeholders to make informed decisions.
The Role of the Insulation System in Optimizing value in LNG FacilitiesJoe Hughes
This document discusses optimizing value and mitigating risks in LNG facility construction. It focuses on the role of insulation systems, which have a material impact on lifecycle cost, performance, and risk. Key risks include construction delays, operational inefficiencies, outages, and lack of resilience. While the capital cost of insulation is relatively small, it is important and can impact these risks. Insulant selection requires due diligence to understand impacts on the insulation system design, costs, risks, and labor. Lifecycle performance and risk depend on the insulant's thermal conductivity at various temperatures, water vapor transmission, water absorption, and other properties. Third party testing and approvals are important to determine factual information.
The document discusses corrosion under insulation (CUI) and corrosion under fireproofing materials. It notes that CUI is a widespread issue caused by water and oxygen entering insulated systems. Factors that can contribute to CUI include moisture ingress through insulation or fireproofing cladding, punctures or slipped cladding, and the presence of chlorides or other salts. Advanced non-destructive testing methods like thermography, profile radiography, and pulsed eddy current are useful for inspecting for CUI without removing insulation. Case studies demonstrate examples of CUI due to issues like lack of drain holes in insulated support rings.
Customer Bulletin 0510 Polyisocyanurate vs Polyurethane InsulationDyplast Products
This Customer Bulletin is one in a series of white papers aimed at providing our clients, engineers, contractors, fabricators, and friends with objective information on our products and those of our competitors. A surprisingly large number of potential buyers of polyurethane (PUR) insulation are unaware of the advantages or even the existence of polyisocyanurate (PIR). Some may even think they're the same thing. The fact is that the differences are considerable.
Technical Bulletin 1128A Mechanical Insulation In Typical Refrigeration Appli...Dyplast Products
The document discusses key considerations for selecting insulation materials for refrigeration applications. It states that thermal conductivity (k-factor) and water vapor transmission (WVT) are the most important properties to consider, as they significantly impact energy costs and system performance over the life of the insulation. Polyisocyanurate insulation has the best combination of k-factor and WVT compared to other common insulants like extruded polystyrene and fiberglass. While capital costs are a factor, prioritizing k-factor and WVT will reduce operating costs and risks of failure in the long run.
Technical Bulletin 0418 Polyiso vs. XPS Pipe Insulation SystemsDyplast Products
Dyplast’s 0214 Technical Bulletin was focused primarily on examining the cost of insulation systems versus energy savings and long-term performance of polyisocyanurate (polyiso or PIR) and extruded polystyrene (XPS) insulants in low-temperature applications such as refrigeration and chilled water applications. It’s no surprise that polyisocyanurate was the hands-down selection based purely on physical properties, cost, and demonstrated thermal efficiencies in practice.
Technical Bulletin 0418 Polyiso vs. XPS Pipe Insulation SystemsJoe Hughes
Dyplast’s 0214 Technical Bulletin was focused primarily on examining the cost of insulation systems versus energy savings and long-term performance of polyisocyanurate (polyiso or PIR) and extruded polystyrene (XPS) insulants in low-temperature applications such as refrigeration and chilled water applications. It’s no surprise that polyisocyanurate was the hands-down selection based purely on physical properties, cost, and demonstrated thermal efficiencies in practice.
Customer Bulletin 0410 A Comparison of ISO-C1 and HT-300Joe Hughes
This Customer Bulletin is part of a series of white papers aimed at providing our clients, engineers, contractors, fabricators, and friends with objective information on competitive products. Marketing literature on the internet and in printed media address the physical and performance characteristics of competing polyisocyanurate rigid foam insulations fabricated from bunstock. As is often the case, some literature can be misleading and/or in some cases there may not be sufficient information to credibly compare products. This Customer Bulletin provides factual, clarifying information which should allow for an objective comparison of Dyplast’s ISO-C1® with HiTherm’s HT-300 (each 2 lb/ft3 density).
Customer Bulletin 0515 A Comparison of ISO ISO-C1 and HT-300Dyplast Products
This document provides a comparison of two polyisocyanurate insulation materials, ISO-C1 and HT-300. ISO-C1 is manufactured in the US using pentane blowing agent, while HT-300 is manufactured outside the US using HCFC blowing agent. Physical properties of ISO-C1 have been independently verified, while verification of HT-300 properties could not be found. ISO-C1 generally has better properties such as lower water vapor permeability, higher flame/smoke ratings, and better dimensional stability. The document concludes that while HiTherm claims HT-300 meets standards, its published data shows it does not meet all requirements of ASTM C591-13.
Customer Bulletin 05-15 A Comparison of ISO-C1 and HT-300 Polyisocyanurate In...Joe Hughes
This document provides a comparison of two polyisocyanurate insulation materials, ISO-C1 and HT-300. It finds that ISO-C1 is manufactured in the US using pentane as a blowing agent, while HT-300 is manufactured outside the US likely using HCFCs. ISO-C1 has lower water vapor permeability, better dimensional stability, and independently verified physical properties compared to HT-300. The document concludes HT-300 does not fully comply with ASTM standards according to its published data.
porcelain and polymeric insulators AnalysisStudent
This document provides an overview and comparison of porcelain and polymer materials for electrical insulation. Porcelain has over 100 years of experience but can be heavy, brittle, and easily contaminated. Polymer materials have 30 years of experience and offer advantages of lighter weight, more complex shapes, and initial resistance to contamination. However, polymers are organic and can degrade with exposure requiring proper formulations and housing designs. The document discusses the advantages and limitations of both materials and their performance in outdoor insulation applications.
Customer Bulletin 0510 Polyisocyanurate vs Polyurethane InsulationJoe Hughes
This document compares polyisocyanurate (PIR) insulation to polyurethane (PUR) insulation. PIR has a higher index formulation which results in a cyclical ring structure that gives it advantages over PUR such as higher stability at high temperatures, better flame resistance without additional flame retardants, greater resistance to water and solvents, and improved dimensional stability. The document is intended to help customers better understand the differences between PIR and PUR insulation alternatives.
Inclean_NovDec2014_Coatings as Solutions for the Remediation Pro Nov-Dec 2014Cole Stanton
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This document discusses containers and closures for pharmaceuticals. It begins by introducing the importance of packaging for preserving drug integrity and outlines desirable attributes like protection from environmental factors and safety. It then describes different types of closures like screw caps, lug caps, crimp-on caps and their materials. The document also covers tamper resistance, child resistance, quality control of packaging materials and filling equipment. It emphasizes that the container-closure system ensures safety and quality of drugs over shelf life.
This document discusses liquid containment and mechanical shaft seals for pumps. It describes the importance of liquid containment to prevent pollution. It then discusses different types of shaft seals including packing, lip seals, single and dual mechanical face seals, and cartridge seals. It provides details on selecting the proper seal based on factors like liquid viscosity, temperature, pressure, and compatibility with elastomers. API specification 682 for mechanical seals in refinery pumps is also summarized.
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- For TO-220 packages specifically, mounting procedures like screw mounting, clip mounting and lead bending techniques are described. General rules around isolation and avoiding mechanical damage are also covered.
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This document discusses water vapor barrier coatings tested on polyurethane foam samples. Three coatings - two butyl rubber coatings and one epoxy coating - were shown to reduce the water vapor transmission rate through polyurethane foam samples by 37-95% when applied at a thickness of 0.020 inches. Lower density foam was found to have a more severe moisture penetration issue than higher density foam. The effectiveness of the coatings at preventing moisture penetration into encapsulated polyurethane foams was evaluated.
Similar to Technical Bulletin 0213 Polyisocyanurate vs. Cellular Glass Insulation (20)
Dyplast’s 0214 Technical Bulletin was focused primarily on examining the cost of insulation systems versus energy savings and long-term performance of polyisocyanurate (polyiso or PIR) and extruded polystyrene (XPS) insulants in lowtemperature applications such as refrigeration and chilled water applications. It’s no surprise that polyisocyanurate was the handsdown selection based purely on physical properties, cost, and demonstrated thermal efficiencies in practice.
Dyplast has over fifty years of development and manufacturing experience with EPS (expanded polystyrene) rigid foam insulation, enabling unmatched quality, customization, and application resiliency. Product physical properties are independently verified, and our quality processes audited. Our high production capacities, on-hand inventories, and just-in-time deliveries generate advantages for end-users while lowering per-unit costs. While most EPS manufacturers can compete only locally, Dyplast’s transportation networks enable exceptional offerings that can be highly competitive in Florida and the Southeast.
Dyplast has over 50 years of experience manufacturing expanded polystyrene (EPS) geofoam blocks under the brand name Dyplast GeoFoam. Dyplast GeoFoam is a lightweight, high-strength structural material that can be used as a replacement for soil in applications such as road bases, embankments, stadium seating, and swimming pool foundations. It is resistant to moisture, rot, mold, erosion, and settling when properly installed. Dyplast GeoFoam also has excellent insulating properties and strength to complement natural soils. It is tested to meet industry standards and available in a range of densities and large block sizes to optimize engineering and construction processes. Dyplast has high production capacity and inventory
LNG Industry Magazine (Commercial Quality Control The Missing Link)Dyplast Products
Dyplast Products has published its latest article in LNG Magazine titled “Commercial Quality Control: The Missing Link”. In an era with disparate pricing, a multiplicity of owners/stakeholders, long-term price volatility, multiple concurrent plant constructions, a shortage of skilled personnel, and increasingly complex technologies, owners/stakeholders in LNG projects increasingly face new risks.
This article introduces commercial quality control as an approach to move more impact factors to the controllable side of the ledger, and also as a way of better identifying and mitigating risks across the project lifecycle – beginning at project inception, but encompassing development, financing, construction and operations.
LNG Industry Magazine (Risk Mitigation Standards) July 2016Dyplast Products
Experience has demonstrated that insulation systems within LNG facilities are often ‘under-designed’ when compared to other mechanical systems. Decades of lessons learned from
under-designing other mechanical systems, such as piping materials, welding, compressors, relief valves, etc., have led to a keen awareness among LNG engineers regarding impacts on safety, plant reliability, process efficiency, energy loss, and
environmental compliance.
The purpose of this article is to offer a macro-level discussion
of the following:The role of standards in mitigating insulation risks. Which standards are becoming dominant for LNG insulation. Where standards must be supplemented with broader risk mitigation.
LNG Industry Magazine (Logical Thinking) Feb 2016Dyplast Products
Dyplast Products’ new article in LNG Industry Magazine titled "Logical Thinking" is an examination of the complexities surrounding insulant performance at cryogenic temperatures.
Physical properties of a particular insulant are often measured only at ambient temperatures. This article aims to use logical thinking to examine the performance of insulants at LNG (cryogenic) temperatures.
Fortunately, standards such as ASTM and CINI increasingly require physical properties to be measured at cryogenic temperatures, so that in the future such logical extrapolations may be less necessary.
Dyplast Products will attend the 2015 Polyurethanes Technical Conference from October 5-7, 2015 at the Gaylord Palms Resort and Convention Center in Kissimmee, Florida. The conference fosters both technical and professional development about the latest polyurethanes technologies, including Dyplast Products' ISO-C1 polyiso insulation used in refrigeration systems and mechanical pipe insulation. Dyplast Products looks forward to participating in this important event.
Dyplast will be attending the Eastern States Insulation Contractors Association Conference at the Four Seasons Hotel in Baltimore Harbor, Maryland.
ESICA represents both small and large mechanical, commercial, industrial and asbestos abatement contractors as well as various suppliers and distributors of products and services to the industry.
Dyplast has been supporting ESICA over many years, and is eager to again be part of this valuable Conference.
The article discusses how companies can incorporate sustainability into their business strategies to gain competitive advantages. Companies that focus on sustainability through practices like reducing waste and carbon emissions see benefits like increased profits, innovation, and brand loyalty. Sustainability has moved from a niche issue to a mainstream business priority as customers and investors increasingly demand environmentally and socially responsible practices from companies.
SWICAs EXPO 2015 has expanded and Dyplast will be exhibiting as one of 55 other companies with a table top display featuring Dyplast’s ISO-C1® family of products in the exhibit hall. SWICA Ninth Industrial Insulation Craft Competition will also be held at the EXPO and will have two insulators per model and have refined the removable blanket competition with single or dual optional competitors and added a commercial competition. This is an expensive and timely event that the Craft Education Committee has spent endless hours preparing exams, building models and setting standards long before the actual execution of such an event. The Expo and competition turns out virtually everyone in the industrial insulation industry. This is an opportunity to show support and help the Education Committee set new education and safety standards for our industry. We look forward to seeing you in this one-day educational and information packed exposition, white papers and craft competitions.
Customer Bulletin 0611 Insulant Impact on Corrosion in Steel Piping Applicati...Dyplast Products
Corrosion is defined by the National Association of Corrosion Engineers as “the deterioration of a material, usually a metal, by reaction with its environment.” Corrosion under insulation (CUI) is not a distinct form of corrosion; rather it refers to the location where pipe wall material deterioration is occurring—underneath the insulation material and on the external surfaces of piping. CUI (and the corrosion of metal jackets and banding which is not addressed herein) is a recognized problem that must be addressed by designers, specifiers, and end-users. CUI can occur under any type of thermal insulation. The type of corrosion will depend on the metallurgy of the pipe as well as the mix of corrosive elements - - understanding that corrosive elements can be introduced during pipe production, pipe shipping/storage, installation, insulation contact, process liquid contact, weather, or other environmental influences.
Customer Bulletin 0511 Questions You Should Ask When Selecting Mechanical Ins...Dyplast Products
Too often the specifying and selection processes relating to mechanical insulation are jeopardized either due to confusing information or the absence of important information. “What‟s not being said” is sometimes more important than “what‟s being said”! The objective of this document is to itemize key questions that should be asked during discussions with insulant suppliers. Failure to receive a credible response on any question may be an indication that full disclosure is being withheld.
Customer Bulletin 0410 A Comparison of ISO-C1 and HT-300Dyplast Products
This Customer Bulletin is part of a series of white papers aimed at providing our clients, engineers, contractors, fabricators, and friends with objective information on competitive products. Marketing literature on the internet and in printed media address the physical and performance characteristics of competing polyisocyanurate rigid foam insulations fabricated from bunstock. As is often the case, some literature can be misleading and/or in some cases there may not be sufficient information to credibly compare products. This Customer Bulletin provides factual, clarifying information which should allow for an objective comparison of Dyplast’s ISO-C1® with HiTherm’s HT-300 (each 2 lb/ft3 density).
Customer Bulletin 0310 A Comparison of ISO-C1 Polyisocyanurate Insulation to ...Dyplast Products
This Customer Bulletin is another in a series of white papers aimed at providing our clients,
engineers, contractors, fabricators, and friends with objective information on competitive
products. Marketing literature on the internet and in printed media address the physical and
performance characteristics of polyisocyanurate rigid foam (ISO) and extruded polystyrene
insulation (XPS). As is often the case, some literature can be misleading and/or in some cases
there may not be sufficient information to credibly compare products. This Customer Bulletin
provides factual, clarifying information which should allow for an objective comparison of
Dyplast’s ISO-C1® with the competing XPS Billet product.
Customer Bulletin 0109 ISO-C1 PolyIsocyanurate Insulation UL and FM TestingDyplast Products
Dyplast Products' ISO-C1/2.0 polyisocyanurate insulation is the only two pound density foam that has obtained UL and FM Class 1 flame spread and smoke development listings and approvals. ISO-C1/2.0 achieved an E-84 flame spread rating of 20/55 at 1 inch thickness from FM and 25/130 at 4 inches from FM and 25/195 at 4 inches from UL. No other US polyisocyanurate foam manufacturer has received a Class 1 rating from UL or FM. Customers should request flame/smoke data on polyiso foams without laminates to credibly assess alternatives.
Case Study: Philadelphia Mail Processing and DistributionDyplast Products
Architectural Insulating Panel Systems utilize
lightweight, insulating foam cores with steel or
aluminum faces integrally bonded to each side.
Architectural Insulating Panels form a high-strength
structural building unit for walls, ceilings, or floors
that can be readily attached to a standard steel
frame construction grid. These composite building
units can be designed to meet the most demanding
specifications for strength, flexibility, and thermal
control (up to R48) - - while providing a broad array
of architectural colors and textures
The convergence of high energy prices,
global warming potential, general environmental
pollution, home-grown energy imperatives,
and green energy possibilities has
created opportunities that far-sighted companies
can capture and the public expects.
Dyplast Products manufactures insulation systems for refrigeration and chilled water applications using materials like ISO-C1, DyTherm Phenolic, and DyPerm vapor barriers. Their products include pipe saddles and insulation for low-temperature refrigerants and chilled water. Dyplast is located in Miami, Florida and can be contacted at their phone number or website for more information.
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In the rapidly evolving landscape of technologies, XML continues to play a vital role in structuring, storing, and transporting data across diverse systems. The recent advancements in artificial intelligence (AI) present new methodologies for enhancing XML development workflows, introducing efficiency, automation, and intelligent capabilities. This presentation will outline the scope and perspective of utilizing AI in XML development. The potential benefits and the possible pitfalls will be highlighted, providing a balanced view of the subject.
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The discussion will extend to how AI can be used to transform XML content. In particular, the focus will be on the use of AI XPath extension functions in XSLT, Schematron, Schematron Quick Fixes, or for XML content refactoring.
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See how organizational priorities and strategic approaches to data security and privacy are evolving around the globe.
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2. Understanding how this integration enhances test automation within the UiPath platform
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Test Automation with generative AI and Open AI.
UiPath integration with generative AI
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We’ll show you how to fix common misconfigurations that cause higher-than-expected user counts, and how to identify accounts which you can deactivate to save money. There are also frequent patterns that can cause unnecessary cost, like using a person document instead of a mail-in for shared mailboxes. We’ll provide examples and solutions for those as well. And naturally we’ll explain the new licensing model.
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Technical Bulletin 0213 Polyisocyanurate vs. Cellular Glass Insulation
1. Technical Bulletin 0213 Page 1 of 7 February 2013
TECHNICAL BULLETIN 02131
POLYISOCYANURATE VS. CELLULAR GLASS
MECHANICAL INSULATION
PURPOSE
This Technical Bulletin is another in our series of white papers aimed at providing our clients,
engineers, specifiers, contractors, fabricators, and friends with objective information on our
products and those of our competitors. This Bulletin focuses on a comparison of the physical
properties of closed cell2
polyisocyanurate3
(polyiso or PIR) rigid foam insulation products with
those of cellular glass insulation products for demanding below-ambient applications such as
cryogenic, refrigerant, and chilled water where energy efficiency, moisture intrusion, and
condensation are issues.
We strive to be objective and believe in full-disclosure. In that vein it should be said that cellular
glass is a proven product made by reputable manufacturers, and it may be the most appropriate
insulant in some situations; for example in a chemically corrosive environments when 25/50
flame spread/smoke development4
is required there is no better choice. Yet, as they say, the devil
is in the details and insulation systems for low-temperature applications require engineering
expertise that we do not purport to offer in this short Bulletin. Rather, we desire to raise issues
that should be addressed by your engineer/specifier, and we will gladly provide any support or
clarifying detail we may have.
Simply, we offer that polyiso insulation products are the preferable choice for a range of low
temperature applications, particularly cryogenic, refrigeration, HVAC, and even domestic hot
and cold water applications ranging from minus 297°F up to plus 375°F service temperature.
Specifiers, engineers, and end-users should additionally note that while this Bulletin is focused
on generic differences between cellular glass and PIR foams, yet there are indeed additional
differences between the physical properties and performance characteristics of competing PIR
insulations. We recommend end-users view other Technical Bulletins from Dyplast that address
ISO-C1®
and ISO-HT™ properties in comparison to alternative polyiso insulation products.
1
Update on Technical Bulletin 0610
2
Determination of “closed celled” versus “open celled” is not as simple as it would first seem, since there
are variations in the “%” of closed cells, as well as variation in cell structure and whether they can retain
insulating gases. We could not find a statement from cell glass manufacturers re: % closed cells, but it is
logical that it is very high. ISO-C1 has >95% closed cells in its 2 lb/ft
3
density, and >98% in higher density.
3
Polyisocyanurate is a form of polyurethane (PUR), but the chemistry and properties are different.
4
No U.S. manufactured polyiso currently meets the 25/50 criteria; however Dyplast’s ISO-C1 and ISO-HT
meet Class 1 per ASTM E84.
2. Technical Bulletin 0213 Page 2 of 7 February 2013
SUMMARY
K-factor: the aged thermal conductivity (k-factor) at 75°F of ISO-C1 polyiso is 0.176
Btu·in/hr·ft2
·°F whereas FoamGlas brand cellular glass is 0.29; thus the thermal
insulation performance of cellular glass is roughly 65% worse than polyiso, which results
in cellular glass insulation systems being much thicker (important from a weight, volume,
quantity of accessory products such as sealants, jackets, etc., and space aspects).
Brittleness and Shipment/Handling: cellular glass is more susceptible than polyiso to
vibration, thermal shock, and mechanical shock; thus cellular glass may have breakage
during transportation to the job site and subsequent handling; polyiso is not of course
immune to damage during shipment or handling but typically requires less mitigation
efforts; thumbrules for cellular glass from insulation specifiers and contractors sometimes
assume 5% breakage during shipment, 15% breakage from handling on job site.
Brittleness and Operations: cellular glass may be less suitable for application in process
environments with high vibration, movement, or thermal/mechanical shock; cellular glass
breaks or cracks may create a path for heat and/or moisture to pass; polyiso is not brittle
and is not as susceptible to vibration, movement, or thermal/mechanical shock; when
polyiso is installed in areas where mechanical abuse is expected, such as workers
stepping on the insulation, higher density polyiso with higher compressive strengths
should be considered; even when abused, since polyiso is not brittle so it will not crack
like cellular glass so such thermal/moisture leaks are less likely to form.
Thermal Expansion/Contraction: since cellular glass has a thermal expansion coefficient
less than polyiso, expansion joints are less of an issue; pipe metallurgy and the
range/duration of temperature cycling are determining factors yet our experience is that
the cost of additional expansion joints is not material when insulant selections are being
made.
Water Vapor Transmission and Joints/Cracks: (i.e. WVT, or permeability): both polyiso
and cellular glass are “low perm” materials; cellular glass manufacturers generally
advertise “zero” perm; polyiso insulation has low (but not zero5
) water vapor
permeability; for both materials we contend that the risk of moisture infiltration is less
determined by the inherent property of polyiso or cell glass and more-so dependent on the
number of joints between insulant segments6
, the quality/performance of joint sealants,
and the likelihood of cracks in the insulation; both cellular glass and polyiso
manufacturers recommend vapor retarders in cold service.
5
ISO-C1 polyiso has 1.65 perm-inch WVT; Trymer polyiso advertises 4.0
6
Polyiso is manufactured as large continuous “bunstock” that can be fabricated into pipe insulation many
times larger than is possible with cell glass, thus minimizing the number of joints and seams; ask your
supplier for specific dimensions
3. Technical Bulletin 0213 Page 3 of 7 February 2013
WVT and Vapor Barriers: although cell glass manufacturers sometimes advertise that
vapor barriers are not required, polyiso manufacturers more often recognize that in low
temperature applications engineers almost always specify that a vapor barrier be applied
over the insulant - - not so much to improve the WVT of the insulant but as a second line
of defense for the joints, seams, and cracks; thus given the facts in the prior paragraph,
vapor barriers are arguably more important in cell glass systems than polyiso systems.
Water Absorption (WA): Although different ASTM standards govern the testing of WA
in polyiso and cellular glass7
, each have excellent water absorption properties, and water
absorption should not be a factor in a properly installed insulation system.
Installation – the “insulation system”: A particular insulation product can perform at its
peak only when properly installed within a more complete “insulation system” with
sealants, adhesives, vapor barriers, weather mastics, jacketing, and so forth; while some
cellular glass manufacturers advertise that neither vapor barriers nor jackets are required,
the fact is that the vast majority of engineer/specifiers require similar accessory
components; in fact, cellular glass insulation systems may require more complexities than
a comparable polyiso insulation system, and thus may be more time-consuming to install
and thus may have more potential for errors during the installation process; for example,
a cellular glass system for LNG pipe may require an abrasive-resistant coating, a latex
mastic as a weather barrier mastic (3 - 4 gal./100 ft2
), then a layer of synthetic mesh
fabric, and then a second coat of weather barrier coating, and possibly a metal jacket’
whereas a polyiso system installation would require only a sealant on seams/joints/ butt-
ends, and a vapor barrier sheeting over the insulation (and this could actually be shop
applied, making field installation even easier) and protective metal jacketing; note of
course that polyiso systems as well as cellular glass systems require mastics at vapor
stops and potentially other discontinuities; thumbrules from insulation contractors
indicate that cellular glass requires a minimum of 30% more labor to apply than polyiso.
Installation – field fabrication: installation contractors may have varied opinions on
whether cellular glass or polyiso is easier to field fabricate (change shape/dimensions at
the jobsite); cellular glass can be shaped by abrading it against a rough surface (or even
the pipe itself, although maybe not advisable) or by using a rasp; some installers have
minor complaints relating to abrasion to a worker’s hands, glass dust, and odor; and the
density/weight of cellular makes it somewhat more difficult for workers to handle; on the
other hand, polyiso is shaped or re-shaped in the field typically with a sharp knife also it
can also be shaped with a rasp; the most common complaint from installers is dust.
Installation – number of insulation segments: the maximum dimensions of cellular glass
insulation blocks are less than those of polyiso bunstock, and therefore when larger pipe
diameters are involved, the cellular glass blocks must be joined together with adhesives;
7
The percent by volume WA for ISO-C1 polyiso is 0.04%, and for Trymer <0.7%; and for cellular glass
<0.2%
4. Technical Bulletin 0213 Page 4 of 7 February 2013
for very large pipe, multiple (more than two) cellular glass segments are required,
resulting in more joints and seams to seal, which means more labor, more consumption of
materials, and more possibility of improper installation (e.g. a seam not sealed, or a
cracked piece of insulation) - - which can lead to thermal and/or moisture leaks; polyiso
bunstock on the other hand is large enough to be fabricated into two half-shells even for
the largest of pipe diameters; due to cellular glass’s poorer insulating properties, a
cellular glass insulation system is also likely to have more layers than a comparable
polyiso system thus requiring more steps in the process, more joints to seal, and resulting
in more consumption of sealants, tapes, adhesives, etc.
Number of Layers: Some cellular glass manufacturers state that fewer layers of insulation
are required with cell glass; since cell glass is typically manufactured in smaller
dimensions that must be glued together and that each segment has materially lower R-
values we would suggest that this be challenged; for instance, the cell glass equivalent of
a 4 inch thick layer of polyiso at a 0.176 k-factor would require almost 7 inches of
cellular glass; multiple layers of insulant are generally specified not to add more thermal
efficiency8
but rather to allow offsetting joints and seams - - thus mitigating risks of
moisture infiltrations.
Weight: Cellular glass has a density of generally 7.5 lb/ft3
versus 2.0 lb/ft3
for the most
commonly used polyiso9
; the low thermal efficiency of cellular glass (65% worse than
polyiso) compounds the problem since cellular glass installations may require closer to
double the thickness to provide the same insulating performance; the result is a
significant increase in weight and volume on a given pipe run [for example assume an 8
inch diameter run of piping requiring 2 inch of polyiso insulation at 2 lb/ft3
density; every
linear foot of insulation would weigh 0.87 lbs; since 3.5 inch thick10
cellular glass must
be applied to achieve the same R-value, a linear foot of cell glass would be 6.6 lbs - - 7.5
times more weight than polyiso]; the costs of additional pipe hangars, stress on joints that
can lead to failure, and inability to run multiple pipes in a small space may make cellular
glass a less suitable insulation.
Combustibility: Cellular glass has a zero flame spread index (FSI) and a zero smoke
developed index (SDI) per ASTM E84; polyiso insulation products for mechanical
insulation made in the U.S. currently meet only Class 1, and cannot be installed when air
plenum conditions are required; caution must be exercised when installing any insulant in
air plenum environments since vapor retarders, weather barriers, sealants, mesh, or
adhesives may have non-compliant FSI/SDI characteristics; note also that cellular glass
8
Two 3 inch layers of polyiso have the same thermal resistivity as a single 6 inch layer, yet two layers
allow staggered joints & seams to provide another line of defense against moisture intrusion.
9
For some LNG applications, density of polyiso may be 2.5-3 lb/ft
3
.
10
Using 3E-Plus software developed by North American Insulation Manufacturers Association, rounded
to nearest ½ inch thickness.
5. Technical Bulletin 0213 Page 5 of 7 February 2013
can shatter and lose its insulating integrity when severely thermally or mechanically
shocked; when exposed to flame, polyiso insulation will char, but maintain its shape,
providing precious minutes of thermal protection to pipe, equipment, and vessels to allow
response.
[Important Note: Section 602.2.1 of the International Mechanical Code states that materials
within return air plenums shall be either non-combustible or have less than or equal to a 25/50
fire spread index and developed smoke index when tested in accordance with ASTM E84.
Interpretations by other code authorities allow compliance with NFPA 255 or UL 723 as
substitutes for ASTM E84. Essentially this means that insulation systems (and all accessory
components within, such as sealants, vapor barriers, etc.) installed in either air plenums or
inhabited areas to be non-combustible or ≤ 25/50. Name-brand cellular glass such as FoamGlas
meets this ≤25/50 requirement. ISO-C1 polyiso is 25/130, so it should not be installed in air
plenums or in indoor inhabited areas. Caution should be observed when using cellular glass in
such applications that all related sealants, barriers, and such are ≤ 25/50.]
Cost: The cost of cellular glass per linear foot generally exceeds that of polyiso by a
material margin; the installation cost of cellular glass can be 2 to 3 times as expensive as
polyiso; life-cycle costs relating to energy loss and maintenance also will favor polyiso
over cellular glass.
Chemical resistance: Cellular glass is arguably impervious to the majority of chemicals
and is indeed resistant to organic solvents and nearly all acids; yet in the vast majority of
cryogenic, refrigerant, and chilled water applications such chemical resistance is not
required; it is appropriate to caution that a chemical resistance concern must include
accessory products such as sealants, mastics, and vapor retarders.
Compressive Strength: Cellular glass, at 7.5 lb/ft3
density indeed has high compressive
strength up to typically 90 lb/in2
, yet it should be noted that the compressive strength of 6
lb/ft3
density ISO-C1 is typically greater than 135 lb/in2
(parallel to rise); higher
compressive strengths are most commonly required only in pipe saddle applications and
in areas of high mechanical abuse, and in these applications polyiso insulation can offer
high strength while enabling higher thermal efficiencies than cell glass - - and with fewer
problems associated with cracking and weight management.
Coefficient of Linear Thermal Expansion (CLTE): Cellular glass has a CLTE close to
that of metal, and thus requires fewer contraction/expansion joints than a polyiso
insulation system; polyiso, however, is much easier to work in the field and polyiso
contraction/expansion joints are relatively easy to install.
Dimensional Stability: Dimensional stability is a combination of both reversible and
irreversible changes in linear and volumetric units; cellular glass product data sheets
typically advertise excellent to extraordinary dimensional stability, yet polyiso insulants
have very good to excellent characteristics; the bottom line is that with properly installed
6. Technical Bulletin 0213 Page 6 of 7 February 2013
contractions/expansion joints the issue is mute since any temporary or permanent changes
in dimension can be accommodated by insulation system design; note that some cellular
glass manufacturers make comparisons against polyurethane insulation without noting
that polyisocyanurate is a different chemical formulation with much improved
dimensional stability; note also that ISO-C1 has the best dimensional stability when
compared with competitive polyiso products.
Independent Testing and Auditing of Physical Properties: Although physical properties of
insulants reported by manufacturers are generally credible, it is always prudent to expect
validation of results by an independent third-party laboratory; even better, expect that the
manufacturing and quality control protocols be periodically audited by an accredited
agency.
The following table displays key physical properties of polyiso (ISO-C1) and cellular glass
(FoamGlas). Note that these are “product” values, and not “insulation system” values.
Insulation Material Units Polyiso FoamGlas
Aged k-factor (at 75°F) Btu·in/hr·ft2
·°F 0.176 0.29
WVT Perm-in 1.65 <0.01
Flammability ASTM E84
rating (insulation only)
FSI/SDI 25/130
per FM
<25/50
Density lb/ft3
2.0 7.5
Water Absorption11
% by volume <0.04 <0.2
Qualitative Comparison Chart:
Quality Polyiso Cellular Glass
Thermal Performance Excellent Fair
WVT without vapor barriers Very good Excellent
WVT with vapor barriers Excellent Excellent
ASTM E84 FSI/SDI Very Good (Class 1) Excellent (< 25/50; sometimes
advertised as 0/0)
Available with factory-applied vapor Yes Yes
11
Measured by different ASTM standards; cellular glass manufacturers frequently note that the water is
retained on the surface only.
7. Technical Bulletin 0213 Page 7 of 7 February 2013
barrier
Closed cell structure Yes Yes
Fiber free Yes Yes
Non-porous Yes Yes
Mold resistant Yes Yes
Resistant to vibration/movement Yes Less so
Requires a metal jacket Generally Generally
Thicknesses available Virtually unlimited,
from 1/8” upwards
Limited, 1” minimum
Lengths Virtually any Sold in 3 foot maximum
In-field fabrication Easy Less easy