This document summarizes research on the quantity, quality, and accessibility of urban public open spaces (POS) in Israel. The researchers studied neighborhoods in cities and communities across two climate zones to analyze how the amount of POS differs based on settlement size and location. Key findings include that most neighborhoods meet or exceed existing POS standards but the spaces are often unused and inaccessible. Only low-rise neighborhoods and high-rise "Corbusian" developments satisfy proposed higher "environmental" POS standards. The researchers measured POS quality by observing intensity of use, surveying residents, and creating feeling maps to evaluate social experiences in select open spaces.
This document summarizes research conducted by students at the University of the Arts on developing urban farming in Philadelphia. It describes interviews conducted with community members and leaders of existing gardens who identified needs such as building community, improving access to healthy foods, and beautifying neighborhoods. The students determined that "Green Centers" could address these needs by providing tools, skills training, composting services, and selling produce locally. The document outlines how Green Centers could function and proposes starting them by securing funding, partners and appropriate locations.
Transforming New York's Privately Owned Public Spaces with TechnologyHuge
This report is a collaboration between Huge; the Municipal Art Society (MAS), a non-profit organization dedicated to improving New York City; and Advocates for Privately Owned Public Space (APOPS).
To compile this report Huge conducted user research, stakeholder interviews and location assessments to gain insights into the challenges and needs across Privately Owned Public Spaces (POPS) and key stakeholders. The report summarizes the history of POPS, depicts the current landscape, and makes recommendations based on findings.
This document summarizes the research and findings of the growlots studio project. It identifies key needs such as building community, improving nutrition, and beautifying neighborhoods in Kensington, Philadelphia. The studio proposes addressing these needs through the establishment of Green Centers - community hubs located on vacant lots that would provide tools, skills training, volunteer coordination and other services to support urban agriculture. Green Centers could help connect local residents with job and education opportunities in agriculture and better utilize Philadelphia's many vacant lots. The document outlines how Green Centers might function and identifies next steps such as securing funding, locations and partnerships to establish more of these hubs across the city.
Articles Summary - Walkability of Local Communities - Using GIS to Objectivel...Dan Berkowitz
1) The study used GIS to objectively assess environmental attributes that influence walkability, such as density, land use mix, street connectivity, and access to services.
2) Attributes were measured and scored for census collection districts, which were then classified into walkability quartiles and mapped.
3) The walkability index was validated through fieldwork and resident surveys and showed potential for promoting physical activity through urban planning and design.
The document discusses the negative effects of unplanned urban sprawl, including overcrowding, environmental degradation, and health issues. It notes that unplanned urban sprawl can lead to overcrowding and congestion in cities as population grows. This overcrowding, especially in poor urban communities, increases risks of communicable diseases and mental health issues. Unplanned sprawl also contributes to environmental problems like pollution, natural resource depletion, and the urban heat island effect. The document recommends integrating more urban green spaces into development to help address these issues.
Sustainable Urban Open Green Spaces Opportunities and ChallengesMehdi Rakhshandehroo
Shortage of open green spaces has become a common concern in today’s compact cities. Based on the literature review, urban open green spaces provide different dimensions of sustainability because of opportunities for social, environmental, and economic benefits which contribute to quality of life in cities. Urban development and renewal should be accompanied with a greening vision, to insert more plantable spaces into the urban fabric. Therefore sustainable urban planning, design and management are needed to improve urban greening strategy.
In order to enhance urban greenery, innovative and creative ideas should be applied in urban management, for instance informal open green spaces (e.g. brownfields, vacant lots, streets and railways) potentially are part of urban nature or a setback along roadsides could create a planting strip and improve the urban landscape. The opportunities which are laid in the sustainable development can improve environmental quality and consequently the quality of life.
This document summarizes research conducted by students at the University of the Arts on developing urban farming in Philadelphia. It describes interviews conducted with community members and leaders of existing gardens who identified needs such as building community, improving access to healthy foods, and beautifying neighborhoods. The students determined that "Green Centers" could address these needs by providing tools, skills training, composting services, and selling produce locally. The document outlines how Green Centers could function and proposes starting them by securing funding, partners and appropriate locations.
Transforming New York's Privately Owned Public Spaces with TechnologyHuge
This report is a collaboration between Huge; the Municipal Art Society (MAS), a non-profit organization dedicated to improving New York City; and Advocates for Privately Owned Public Space (APOPS).
To compile this report Huge conducted user research, stakeholder interviews and location assessments to gain insights into the challenges and needs across Privately Owned Public Spaces (POPS) and key stakeholders. The report summarizes the history of POPS, depicts the current landscape, and makes recommendations based on findings.
This document summarizes the research and findings of the growlots studio project. It identifies key needs such as building community, improving nutrition, and beautifying neighborhoods in Kensington, Philadelphia. The studio proposes addressing these needs through the establishment of Green Centers - community hubs located on vacant lots that would provide tools, skills training, volunteer coordination and other services to support urban agriculture. Green Centers could help connect local residents with job and education opportunities in agriculture and better utilize Philadelphia's many vacant lots. The document outlines how Green Centers might function and identifies next steps such as securing funding, locations and partnerships to establish more of these hubs across the city.
Articles Summary - Walkability of Local Communities - Using GIS to Objectivel...Dan Berkowitz
1) The study used GIS to objectively assess environmental attributes that influence walkability, such as density, land use mix, street connectivity, and access to services.
2) Attributes were measured and scored for census collection districts, which were then classified into walkability quartiles and mapped.
3) The walkability index was validated through fieldwork and resident surveys and showed potential for promoting physical activity through urban planning and design.
The document discusses the negative effects of unplanned urban sprawl, including overcrowding, environmental degradation, and health issues. It notes that unplanned urban sprawl can lead to overcrowding and congestion in cities as population grows. This overcrowding, especially in poor urban communities, increases risks of communicable diseases and mental health issues. Unplanned sprawl also contributes to environmental problems like pollution, natural resource depletion, and the urban heat island effect. The document recommends integrating more urban green spaces into development to help address these issues.
Sustainable Urban Open Green Spaces Opportunities and ChallengesMehdi Rakhshandehroo
Shortage of open green spaces has become a common concern in today’s compact cities. Based on the literature review, urban open green spaces provide different dimensions of sustainability because of opportunities for social, environmental, and economic benefits which contribute to quality of life in cities. Urban development and renewal should be accompanied with a greening vision, to insert more plantable spaces into the urban fabric. Therefore sustainable urban planning, design and management are needed to improve urban greening strategy.
In order to enhance urban greenery, innovative and creative ideas should be applied in urban management, for instance informal open green spaces (e.g. brownfields, vacant lots, streets and railways) potentially are part of urban nature or a setback along roadsides could create a planting strip and improve the urban landscape. The opportunities which are laid in the sustainable development can improve environmental quality and consequently the quality of life.
Communication Architecture: The Experience is the MessageJavier Velasco, PhD
This is a presentation I gave at the 2005 Information Archtiecture Summit in Montreal. And later tweaked it a bit to present again in the Santa Cruz retreat in 2006.
This document discusses architectural and design services. It likely contains information on different architectural styles, building designs, and planning and design processes. The document aims to provide information to customers on the architectural and design services available.
Summary of Climate Responsive Design by Richard Hydemaram krimly
The document provides an overview of climate responsive design strategies. It discusses how building form, structure, roofs, walls, floors, and courtyards can be designed to moderate the local climate for human comfort. Key strategies mentioned include using overhangs, light-weight structures, operable walls and roofs, thermal mass, natural ventilation, courtyards, and re-entrant spaces to allow airflow while blocking solar heat gain. The document emphasizes designing based on analytical understanding of the climate and site conditions.
Effective classroom management involves organizing students, space, time, and materials to facilitate instruction and learning. It includes establishing clear rules, procedures, and consequences to create a productive learning environment where students are engaged and know what is expected of them. Superior classroom management minimizes disruption through organization, well-defined student expectations, and addressing misbehavior in a consistent manner.
This document discusses the hierarchy of urban green spaces in cities. It aims to study the relationship between urban greens and city structure, ecology, and character. The objectives are to define urban green, identify limitations to green space growth, discuss integration of greens at different scales (city, neighborhood, street, building), analyze case studies, and compare existing scenarios to standards. It then discusses types of urban green spaces like parks and greenways. The benefits of urban green spaces are also outlined, including environmental, social, and economic advantages. The document analyzes Chandigarh as a case study for its meticulously planned hierarchy of open spaces integrated throughout the city. It describes the city's green areas like the Leisure Valley and major parks
This document discusses open spaces, including what they are, different types, their functions and benefits. It provides examples of open space planning in the Philippines. Open spaces are lands that are not intensively developed and can include parks, forests, farms, and other undeveloped lands. They provide important social, environmental and economic benefits like recreation, wildlife habitat, improved air and water quality. The Philippines emphasizes conserving open spaces through laws and land use planning that designate various protected area types at national and local levels.
This document discusses recreational spaces and the benefits of recreation. It defines recreation and describes different types of recreational spaces including formal/informal, active/passive, indoor/outdoor spaces as well as children's playgrounds and informal open spaces. The document outlines various recreational activities and discusses the positive health and community benefits of participation. It also covers issues around access, use of facilities, and factors to consider for community recreational spaces.
This document discusses different types of urban open spaces and their importance. It describes parks, greens, playgrounds, plazas, squares, streets, and waterways. Parks are natural areas for recreation surrounded by the city on one side and open land on others. Greens are smaller open spaces surrounded by the city for recreation, with lawns and trees. Playgrounds are open spaces designed for children near residential areas with equipment and sand. Plazas and squares are civic spaces surrounded by buildings for events, with pavement and optional trees. Streets connect spaces and can be pedestrian paths. Waterways include natural and manmade bodies of water providing recreation and habitat. Good open spaces have qualities like distinctiveness, accessibility, safety,
Structural glazing provides energy and daylight balance for a 4mm glass pane. A 4mm glass pane was analyzed for its energy transmission and daylighting potential when used in structural glazing applications. The analysis found that a 4mm thick glass pane in a structural glazing system achieves an optimal balance of energy transmission and daylighting.
The document discusses different climate types and their key characteristics:
- Climate Hot and Humid located between 15°N-S with day temperatures 27-32°C, high humidity, and annual rainfall of 2000-5000mm.
- Hot and Dry located 15-30°N/S with day temperatures 43-49°C, low humidity, and low annual rainfall of 50mm.
- Composite climate near tropics with temperatures and rainfall varying between dry and wet seasons.
Exploring informal urban greenspace in Brisbane and SapporoChristoph Rupprecht
See "slide notes" for comments/contexts/quotes from residents!
Presentation based on a talk I gave for the URP 2013 Gold Coast Seminar Series, Griffith University, February 2013.
The talk introduces informal urban greenspace, its definition and how I studied it. I then describe the ecology and use of some IGS types in more detail (street verges, gaps, vacant lots, railway verges and waterside areas). The residents of Brisbane and Sapporo voice their opinion on informal greenspace. I end the presentation with some thoughts on methodology.
Contact: focx@focx.de - http://www.treepolis.org - this presentation is under a CC-BY-SA license.
Defining the core elements in Urban Planning, the city's "spaces" and "mobility" are essential strategies in addressing urban sprawl and congestion. These is presented through the perspective of the indicators and sub-targets indicated in the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals SDG 11.
This document summarizes and compares two experimental urbanism projects - Civano in Arizona, USA and Auroville in India - that aimed to develop sustainable communities through green design approaches. Civano's master plan focused on reducing energy/water consumption and automobile dependence through compact, mixed-use development connected by walking/biking paths. Auroville addressed broader issues like organic food, renewable energy, construction materials, and pollution through community-level experiments in architecture, planning and governance. Both projects demonstrate how pedestrian-prioritized design, renewable technologies, and local resource management can foster more sustainable urban forms.
It's real, not fake like a park: informal greenspace as anti-gentrification s...Christoph Rupprecht
In this presentation given at the Association of American Geographers Annual Meeting 2015, we discuss how informal greenspaces (e.g., vacant lots, brownfields, railway verges) could provide residents with a variety of benefits, while avoiding eco-gentrification. We draw upon fieldwork in Japan and Australia and discuss different approaches to using informal greenspaces.
This document discusses urban greening and forestry initiatives in Hyderabad, India. It notes that over 50% of the global population lives in urban areas, with more people moving to cities. Hyderabad has undertaken several initiatives to increase urban green cover, including the Green Hyderabad program, tree parks, and developing parks. Urban forestry can help regulate cities' environments and improve residents' well-being by reducing pollution and noise, and increasing biodiversity. Challenges to urban forestry include lack of space and maintaining trees' survival in urban conditions.
This document is a project brief for constructing a community garden called "Green Gather" on an empty plot of land in Taman Desa, Kuala Lumpur. It proposes building a 1200m2 garden with amenities like a children's playground, jogging track, gazebos, and reflexology path. The garden aims to bring the local community together and preserve nature. Diagrams show the site context and master plan layout. Benefits of community gardens include building social ties, providing green space, and reducing crime. The total estimated cost is RM665,650.
QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS OF WALKABILITY OF INDIAN STREET: A CASE...civejjour
Walkability became one of the important aspects of new urbanism. Increase in the numbers of the vehicle on the road creating a havoc situation for society. It is also polluting our environment. Enhancing walkability wit in a city or in a neighborhood became a challenge for the city developer. There is no proper way established by which we can identified the street those need improvement in the street and we have also not established the parameter by which walkability can be improved in an area. In this paper parameter has been identified which can help in improving the walkability of Indian street. Both qualitative and quantitative parameters have been listed down and all are converted into numerical value so we can quantify the quality of walkability in an area for the calculation of the walkability in existing scenario. By the help of this method we can improve walkability of any area.
QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS OF WALKABILITY OF INDIAN STREET: A CASE...civej
Walkability became one of the important aspects of new urbanism. Increase in the numbers of the vehicle
on the road creating a havoc situation for society. It is also polluting our environment. Enhancing walkability wit in a city or in a neighborhood became a challenge for the city developer. There is no proper way established by which we can identified the street those need improvement in the street and we have also not established the parameter by which walkability can be improved in an area. In this paper parameter has been identified which can help in improving the walkability of Indian street. Both qualitative and quantitative parameters have been listed down and all are converted into numerical value so we can quantify the quality of walkability in an area for the calculation of the walkability in existing scenario. By the help of this method we can improve walkability of any area.
Exploring reasons for residents' use and appreciation of informal urban green...Christoph Rupprecht
Why are residents using informal urban greenspace, such as vacant lots, street verges and brownfields? Following up on my presentation last year, I compare informal greenspace to public parks and present the results of a land use survey in Brisbane (Australia) and Sapporo (Japan). This presentation was given at the Japanese GeoScience Union Meeting 2014 in Yokohama, in the session "International comparison of landscape appreciation"
Communication Architecture: The Experience is the MessageJavier Velasco, PhD
This is a presentation I gave at the 2005 Information Archtiecture Summit in Montreal. And later tweaked it a bit to present again in the Santa Cruz retreat in 2006.
This document discusses architectural and design services. It likely contains information on different architectural styles, building designs, and planning and design processes. The document aims to provide information to customers on the architectural and design services available.
Summary of Climate Responsive Design by Richard Hydemaram krimly
The document provides an overview of climate responsive design strategies. It discusses how building form, structure, roofs, walls, floors, and courtyards can be designed to moderate the local climate for human comfort. Key strategies mentioned include using overhangs, light-weight structures, operable walls and roofs, thermal mass, natural ventilation, courtyards, and re-entrant spaces to allow airflow while blocking solar heat gain. The document emphasizes designing based on analytical understanding of the climate and site conditions.
Effective classroom management involves organizing students, space, time, and materials to facilitate instruction and learning. It includes establishing clear rules, procedures, and consequences to create a productive learning environment where students are engaged and know what is expected of them. Superior classroom management minimizes disruption through organization, well-defined student expectations, and addressing misbehavior in a consistent manner.
This document discusses the hierarchy of urban green spaces in cities. It aims to study the relationship between urban greens and city structure, ecology, and character. The objectives are to define urban green, identify limitations to green space growth, discuss integration of greens at different scales (city, neighborhood, street, building), analyze case studies, and compare existing scenarios to standards. It then discusses types of urban green spaces like parks and greenways. The benefits of urban green spaces are also outlined, including environmental, social, and economic advantages. The document analyzes Chandigarh as a case study for its meticulously planned hierarchy of open spaces integrated throughout the city. It describes the city's green areas like the Leisure Valley and major parks
This document discusses open spaces, including what they are, different types, their functions and benefits. It provides examples of open space planning in the Philippines. Open spaces are lands that are not intensively developed and can include parks, forests, farms, and other undeveloped lands. They provide important social, environmental and economic benefits like recreation, wildlife habitat, improved air and water quality. The Philippines emphasizes conserving open spaces through laws and land use planning that designate various protected area types at national and local levels.
This document discusses recreational spaces and the benefits of recreation. It defines recreation and describes different types of recreational spaces including formal/informal, active/passive, indoor/outdoor spaces as well as children's playgrounds and informal open spaces. The document outlines various recreational activities and discusses the positive health and community benefits of participation. It also covers issues around access, use of facilities, and factors to consider for community recreational spaces.
This document discusses different types of urban open spaces and their importance. It describes parks, greens, playgrounds, plazas, squares, streets, and waterways. Parks are natural areas for recreation surrounded by the city on one side and open land on others. Greens are smaller open spaces surrounded by the city for recreation, with lawns and trees. Playgrounds are open spaces designed for children near residential areas with equipment and sand. Plazas and squares are civic spaces surrounded by buildings for events, with pavement and optional trees. Streets connect spaces and can be pedestrian paths. Waterways include natural and manmade bodies of water providing recreation and habitat. Good open spaces have qualities like distinctiveness, accessibility, safety,
Structural glazing provides energy and daylight balance for a 4mm glass pane. A 4mm glass pane was analyzed for its energy transmission and daylighting potential when used in structural glazing applications. The analysis found that a 4mm thick glass pane in a structural glazing system achieves an optimal balance of energy transmission and daylighting.
The document discusses different climate types and their key characteristics:
- Climate Hot and Humid located between 15°N-S with day temperatures 27-32°C, high humidity, and annual rainfall of 2000-5000mm.
- Hot and Dry located 15-30°N/S with day temperatures 43-49°C, low humidity, and low annual rainfall of 50mm.
- Composite climate near tropics with temperatures and rainfall varying between dry and wet seasons.
Exploring informal urban greenspace in Brisbane and SapporoChristoph Rupprecht
See "slide notes" for comments/contexts/quotes from residents!
Presentation based on a talk I gave for the URP 2013 Gold Coast Seminar Series, Griffith University, February 2013.
The talk introduces informal urban greenspace, its definition and how I studied it. I then describe the ecology and use of some IGS types in more detail (street verges, gaps, vacant lots, railway verges and waterside areas). The residents of Brisbane and Sapporo voice their opinion on informal greenspace. I end the presentation with some thoughts on methodology.
Contact: focx@focx.de - http://www.treepolis.org - this presentation is under a CC-BY-SA license.
Defining the core elements in Urban Planning, the city's "spaces" and "mobility" are essential strategies in addressing urban sprawl and congestion. These is presented through the perspective of the indicators and sub-targets indicated in the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals SDG 11.
This document summarizes and compares two experimental urbanism projects - Civano in Arizona, USA and Auroville in India - that aimed to develop sustainable communities through green design approaches. Civano's master plan focused on reducing energy/water consumption and automobile dependence through compact, mixed-use development connected by walking/biking paths. Auroville addressed broader issues like organic food, renewable energy, construction materials, and pollution through community-level experiments in architecture, planning and governance. Both projects demonstrate how pedestrian-prioritized design, renewable technologies, and local resource management can foster more sustainable urban forms.
It's real, not fake like a park: informal greenspace as anti-gentrification s...Christoph Rupprecht
In this presentation given at the Association of American Geographers Annual Meeting 2015, we discuss how informal greenspaces (e.g., vacant lots, brownfields, railway verges) could provide residents with a variety of benefits, while avoiding eco-gentrification. We draw upon fieldwork in Japan and Australia and discuss different approaches to using informal greenspaces.
This document discusses urban greening and forestry initiatives in Hyderabad, India. It notes that over 50% of the global population lives in urban areas, with more people moving to cities. Hyderabad has undertaken several initiatives to increase urban green cover, including the Green Hyderabad program, tree parks, and developing parks. Urban forestry can help regulate cities' environments and improve residents' well-being by reducing pollution and noise, and increasing biodiversity. Challenges to urban forestry include lack of space and maintaining trees' survival in urban conditions.
This document is a project brief for constructing a community garden called "Green Gather" on an empty plot of land in Taman Desa, Kuala Lumpur. It proposes building a 1200m2 garden with amenities like a children's playground, jogging track, gazebos, and reflexology path. The garden aims to bring the local community together and preserve nature. Diagrams show the site context and master plan layout. Benefits of community gardens include building social ties, providing green space, and reducing crime. The total estimated cost is RM665,650.
QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS OF WALKABILITY OF INDIAN STREET: A CASE...civejjour
Walkability became one of the important aspects of new urbanism. Increase in the numbers of the vehicle on the road creating a havoc situation for society. It is also polluting our environment. Enhancing walkability wit in a city or in a neighborhood became a challenge for the city developer. There is no proper way established by which we can identified the street those need improvement in the street and we have also not established the parameter by which walkability can be improved in an area. In this paper parameter has been identified which can help in improving the walkability of Indian street. Both qualitative and quantitative parameters have been listed down and all are converted into numerical value so we can quantify the quality of walkability in an area for the calculation of the walkability in existing scenario. By the help of this method we can improve walkability of any area.
QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS OF WALKABILITY OF INDIAN STREET: A CASE...civej
Walkability became one of the important aspects of new urbanism. Increase in the numbers of the vehicle
on the road creating a havoc situation for society. It is also polluting our environment. Enhancing walkability wit in a city or in a neighborhood became a challenge for the city developer. There is no proper way established by which we can identified the street those need improvement in the street and we have also not established the parameter by which walkability can be improved in an area. In this paper parameter has been identified which can help in improving the walkability of Indian street. Both qualitative and quantitative parameters have been listed down and all are converted into numerical value so we can quantify the quality of walkability in an area for the calculation of the walkability in existing scenario. By the help of this method we can improve walkability of any area.
Exploring reasons for residents' use and appreciation of informal urban green...Christoph Rupprecht
Why are residents using informal urban greenspace, such as vacant lots, street verges and brownfields? Following up on my presentation last year, I compare informal greenspace to public parks and present the results of a land use survey in Brisbane (Australia) and Sapporo (Japan). This presentation was given at the Japanese GeoScience Union Meeting 2014 in Yokohama, in the session "International comparison of landscape appreciation"
This document outlines an architecture studio titled "Oikoslogy" that will focus on the relationship between architecture, ecology, and humanity's place within nature. Students will design the area of Sledderlo and its edges using principles of sustainability. The goal is to create an architecture that is integrated with and respectful of nature, moving beyond seeing nature as a backdrop for human activities. Experts will discuss topics like landscape history and the interconnection between ecology, economics, politics and architecture. The studio aims to challenge students' thinking on what architecture is and its responsibility in addressing the ecological crisis.
Livable St. Louis Conference 2012 Bold Community VisionsTrailnet
This document discusses transforming streets from auto-centric transportation routes to more livable, complete streets that better accommodate all users. It outlines how streets have evolved from multi-use public spaces pre-automobile to prioritizing high-speed auto traffic. The presentation advocates reallocating street space and adjusting speeds to make streets safe, comfortable and convenient for people of all ages and abilities using automobiles, walking, biking and transit.
Building Livable Cities : A multi city investigation on ideas that can make Indian cities livable. See: www.theurbanvision.com/blc
Ulhas Rane ,Partner, Envirodesigners described how ”Ecologically Sensitive City Planning” .
Open space provides areas for recreation, exercise, and socialization. It should be planned as integral parts of cities and neighborhoods at multiple scales. Usable open spaces encourage community use through accessibility, safety, and maintenance. Open space types include playgrounds, parks, trails, and agricultural lands, and providing adequate open space benefits communities.
Ecological Landscaping: for Communities, Small to Large - Ontario, CanadaRetiz16x
The document discusses principles and applications of ecological landscaping. It provides examples of how ecological landscaping techniques like green roofs, meadows, xeriscapes, urban forests, and rain gardens can be implemented in communities of various sizes. These techniques aim to solve environmental problems, require minimal maintenance resources, help create healthy ecosystems, and add beauty while respecting local conditions.
O Prof. Timothy Beatley trabalha com o conceito da RESILIÊNCIA URBANA, conceito este que assenta na prevenção do risco no planeamento urbano, da mitigação do risco nas intervenções durante catástrofes e eventos extremos e da regeneração dos sistemas urbanos. Trata-se de um conceito extremamente actual, poderoso e politicamente oportuno. A sua visão é contagiosa e geradora de consensos.
Appreciation of informal urban greenspace by Japanese and Australian residentsChristoph Rupprecht
This document summarizes a study comparing appreciation of informal urban greenspace (IGS) among residents in Brisbane, Australia and Sapporo, Japan. The study found that residents in both cities know of and appreciate nearby IGS for recreation, nature experiences, and childhood play. However, residents also identified potential problems with IGS like littering and perceptions of being unmanaged. The study suggests IGS play an important role in cities and that cultural factors may influence perceptions of and attitudes toward IGS among residents. The preliminary analysis indicates resident income may also impact appreciation of IGS. Overall, the study demonstrates IGS are meaningful for urban residents and exploring their role could have policy implications.
Ulla Schuch gave a presentation on the benefits of urban open space. She discussed 12 key benefits, including producing oxygen, reducing noise and dust, providing shade and food. She used Frankfurt, Germany as an example city that has implemented a successful "GreenBelt" of urban open spaces encircling the city. The GreenBelt includes forests, rivers, parks and other landscapes. She outlined Frankfurt's history with urban open spaces and investments in the GreenBelt. Schuch concluded by proposing international collaboration on projects to increase urban open spaces in Cali, Colombia, highlighting the city's natural advantages.
1) Home zones originated in the Netherlands in the 1960s-1970s as "woonerfs", which were residential streets designed to reduce car dominance and prioritize pedestrian safety.
2) The concept spread to other European countries and was introduced in the UK in the late 1990s through pilot programs and legislation allowing 20mph speed limits.
3) By the early 2000s, the UK government was providing guidance for planning and public participation in home zones, which aim to improve residents' quality of life by making streets safer for walking, cycling, and children's play.
Fonts play a crucial role in both User Interface (UI) and User Experience (UX) design. They affect readability, accessibility, aesthetics, and overall user perception.
PDF SubmissionDigital Marketing Institute in NoidaPoojaSaini954651
https://www.safalta.com/online-digital-marketing/advance-digital-marketing-training-in-noidaTop Digital Marketing Institute in Noida: Boost Your Career Fast
[3:29 am, 30/05/2024] +91 83818 43552: Safalta Digital Marketing Institute in Noida also provides advanced classes for individuals seeking to develop their expertise and skills in this field. These classes, led by industry experts with vast experience, focus on specific aspects of digital marketing such as advanced SEO strategies, sophisticated content creation techniques, and data-driven analytics.
Revolutionizing the Digital Landscape: Web Development Companies in Indiaamrsoftec1
Discover unparalleled creativity and technical prowess with India's leading web development companies. From custom solutions to e-commerce platforms, harness the expertise of skilled developers at competitive prices. Transform your digital presence, enhance the user experience, and propel your business to new heights with innovative solutions tailored to your needs, all from the heart of India's tech industry.
Maximize Your Content with Beautiful Assets : Content & Asset for Landing Page pmgdscunsri
Figma is a cloud-based design tool widely used by designers for prototyping, UI/UX design, and real-time collaboration. With features such as precision pen tools, grid system, and reusable components, Figma makes it easy for teams to work together on design projects. Its flexibility and accessibility make Figma a top choice in the digital age.
Visual Style and Aesthetics: Basics of Visual Design
Visual Design for Enterprise Applications
Range of Visual Styles.
Mobile Interfaces:
Challenges and Opportunities of Mobile Design
Approach to Mobile Design
Patterns
Explore the essential graphic design tools and software that can elevate your creative projects. Discover industry favorites and innovative solutions for stunning design results.
Practical eLearning Makeovers for EveryoneBianca Woods
Welcome to Practical eLearning Makeovers for Everyone. In this presentation, we’ll take a look at a bunch of easy-to-use visual design tips and tricks. And we’ll do this by using them to spruce up some eLearning screens that are in dire need of a new look.
Architectural and constructions management experience since 2003 including 18 years located in UAE.
Coordinate and oversee all technical activities relating to architectural and construction projects,
including directing the design team, reviewing drafts and computer models, and approving design
changes.
Organize and typically develop, and review building plans, ensuring that a project meets all safety and
environmental standards.
Prepare feasibility studies, construction contracts, and tender documents with specifications and
tender analyses.
Consulting with clients, work on formulating equipment and labor cost estimates, ensuring a project
meets environmental, safety, structural, zoning, and aesthetic standards.
Monitoring the progress of a project to assess whether or not it is in compliance with building plans
and project deadlines.
Attention to detail, exceptional time management, and strong problem-solving and communication
skills are required for this role.
Connect Conference 2022: Passive House - Economic and Environmental Solution...TE Studio
Passive House: The Economic and Environmental Solution for Sustainable Real Estate. Lecture by Tim Eian of TE Studio Passive House Design in November 2022 in Minneapolis.
- The Built Environment
- Let's imagine the perfect building
- The Passive House standard
- Why Passive House targets
- Clean Energy Plans?!
- How does Passive House compare and fit in?
- The business case for Passive House real estate
- Tools to quantify the value of Passive House
- What can I do?
- Resources
1. Is Green Always Green?
Quantity, Activities and Quality of Urban Public Open
Spaces (POS)
A case study from Israel
Dr. Yodan Rofè
Gabriela Feierstein
Inbal Zarchin
This research was funded by the Israel Science Foundation grant No. 546/07
Desert Architecture and Urban Planning, Institute for Dryland Environmental Research, BGU Movement for Israeli Urbanism
2. In orthodox city planning, neighborhood open spaces are
venerated in an amazingly uncritical fashion, much as savages
venerate magical fetishes… Walk with a planner through a
dispirited neighborhood and though it be already scabby with
deserted parks and tired landscaping festooned with old kleenex,
he will envision a future of More Open Space.
Jane Jacobs, The Death and Life of Great American Cities, pp. 96
BACKGROUND
Desert Architecture and Urban Planning, Institute for Dryland Environmental Research, BGU Movement for Israeli Urbanism
3. The Best Cities in the World - Barcelona
Desert Architecture and Urban Planning, Institute for Dryland Environmental Research, BGU Movement for Israeli Urbanism
4. The Best Cities in the World - Paris
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5. The Best Cities in the World - Bologna
Desert Architecture and Urban Planning, Institute for Dryland Environmental Research, BGU Movement for Israeli Urbanism
6. What do these cities have in common?
• They were built by human beings
• Historic cities (until the end of the 19th
century), but used by modern people
• Undergo continuous processes of renewal
• Extremely high land values (demand much
exceeds supply)
• Built around streets and streets make most of
their public open space
• High density, high land coverage, low to mid
rise (3-6 floors)
Desert Architecture and Urban Planning, Institute for Dryland Environmental Research, BGU Movement for Israeli Urbanism
7. Bologna – post WWII extensions
Desert Architecture and Urban Planning, Institute for Dryland Environmental Research, BGU Movement for Israeli Urbanism
8. In the 20th century human kind “forgot” how
to build cities
Fewer streets – greater distances between intersections
• And... • Or...
– Mid – low density – Low density
– High rise – Low rise
– Low coverage – Medium coverage
– Extensive open spaces – Extensive open spaces
Are street standards the only problem?
Desert Architecture and Urban Planning, Institute for Dryland Environmental Research, BGU Movement for Israeli Urbanism
9. The six destroyers of urbanism
• Prescriptive zoning and aversion to density
• The hierarchical classification of streets
• The neighborhood unit
• Street design and parking standards
• Parking standards
• Public open space standards
Desert Architecture and Urban Planning, Institute for Dryland Environmental Research, BGU Movement for Israeli Urbanism
10. Is it true that there aren’t enough POS?
Are people using the POS?
How do people feel when they are in the POS?
How do climate zones and settlement size differ?
Conclusions and lessons for practice
A LOOK AT PUBLIC OPEN SPACE (POS)
STANDARDS AND WHAT THEY DO
Desert Architecture and Urban Planning, Institute for Dryland Environmental Research, BGU Movement for Israeli Urbanism
11. Established standards in Israel for POS
Open Space Type Space Demands Characteristics of Use Location and Remarks
Characteristics
Urban park 3 m2 per person. Sport, playgrounds, sitting Accessibility of
>100 dunam. corners, shade areas, etc pedestrians and bike
riders.
Quarter park 2 m2 per person. Playgrounds, sitting Up to 30000 residents
10 - 50 dunam. corners, shade areas, Next to community
grass, etc center.
Neighborhood park 3 m2 per person. Like quarter park. Next to neighborhood.
5-10 dunam. No need to cross main
roads.
Inner playgrounds 2 m2 per person. Playing facilities, sitting Part of the
2-5 dunam. corners, fitting to all year neighborhood.
climate conditions.
Wide and Open Up to 1 dunam Flooring, gardening, Fitting the location.
Sitting Corners planting.
Pedestrians and Path width of 5-8 Pavement. Combination of Connecting urban and
Bicycle paths meters. planting and gardening. neighborhood centers.
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11
12. What the Environmentalists want?
In recent years, the Israel Union of Environmental Defense
(IUED), and the Ministry of the Environment advocate an
increase in urban open space standards and their
implementation and management.
Source: www.adamteva.org.il
Desert Architecture and Urban Planning, Institute for Dryland Environmental Research, BGU Movement for Israeli Urbanism
13. The effect of the standards on gross and net density
10000 Units
3.1 Person/unit
90 sq.ft. per person open space
Total %
Gross Neede Public Public public Residential Net
Density d area Roads buildings POS areas areas area Density
DU/acre Acres Acres Acres Acres Acres Acres DU/acre
10 1,000 200 12.5 64.05 277 28% 723 13.82
20 500 113 12.5 64.05 189 38% 311 32.16
30 333 83 12.5 64.05 160 48% 173 57.65
40 250 75.0 12.5 64.05 152 61% 98 101.57
50 200 60.0 12.5 64.05 137 68% 63 157.60
60 167 50.0 12.5 64.05 127 76% 40 249.27
70 143 42.9 12.5 64.05 119 84% 23 426.43
80 125 37.5 12.5 64.05 114 91% 11 913.21
Desert Architecture and Urban Planning, Institute for Dryland Environmental Research, BGU Movement for Israeli Urbanism
14. Gross Density, Net Density and Land Coverage
• Typical recent plan in Israel
(Bialik on the Park, Fogel
and Shoham)
• 247 Acres, 4,935 du
• 20 du/acre gross density
• 12,500 p/sq.km.
• Very high net density
• Very low land coverage
Desert Architecture and Urban Planning, Institute for Dryland Environmental Research, BGU Movement for Israeli Urbanism
15. What are the consequences?
• Open space standards do not allow us to reach
high densities with low and mid rise building
• They force either high rise or mid-low density
• These typologies and densities do not allow for
a walkable, vibrant city
• Public transport is less viable
• Sprawl and automobile dependence are
increased
• Harder to create mixed use areas
Existing urban open space standards diminish the
sustainability of urban areas in Israel
Desert Architecture and Urban Planning, Institute for Dryland Environmental Research, BGU Movement for Israeli Urbanism
16. Research Questions:
Is it true that there aren’t enough POS?
How does the amount of POS differ in different size settlements
and neighborhoods?
THE QUANTITY AND
ACCESSIBILITY OF POS
Desert Architecture and Urban Planning, Institute for Dryland Environmental Research, BGU Movement for Israeli Urbanism
17. Case studies chosen from two climate zones
Bat Yam
Shoham
Lehavim
Ashdod
Arad
Beer
Sheva
Desert Architecture and Urban Planning, Institute for Dryland Environmental Research, BGU Movement for Israeli Urbanism
18. NEIGHBORHOOD TYPES
Coastal plain Northern Negev
Major city Ashdod Beer Sheva
Old center Yud neighb. Tet neighb. Neve Zeev
(1950-1970) (1990-2000) (1970-1985) (1990-
2000)
Medium Bat Yam Arad
city Center Ramat Center (1960- Gevim
(before HaNassi 1975) (1990-
1948) (1960-1975) 2000)
Community Shoham Lehavim
settlement Center Center
Desert Architecture and Urban Planning, Institute for Dryland Environmental Research, BGU Movement for Israeli Urbanism
19. Neighborhood open spaces - definitions
Neighborhood Open Space
Any unbuilt land within the boundary of the neighborhood, or immediately adjacent
to it, which provides, or has the potential to provide, environmental, social
and/or economic benefits to the community, whether direct or indirect
Green Space Civic Space Grey Space
• vegetated land • urban squares • areas used for non
• water or geological • market places pedestrian movement
feature within urban • other paved areas or hard and other functional uses
areas landscaped areas
• Parks and Gardens • Civic squares • Streets
• Amenity Greenspace • Market places • Parking areas
• Children's play areas • Pedestrian streets • Utility areas
• Sports facilities • Promenades and sea • Previously developed
• Green corridors fronts abandoned sites
• Natural/semi-natural
greenspace
Adapted from Williams and Green (2001)
Desert Architecture and Urban Planning, Institute for Dryland Environmental Research, BGU Movement for Israeli Urbanism
20. Description and classification of POS
Variation to the initial classification of POS:
Green Civic
Grey Undefined
- Others: buildings, private open space.
- Streets
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20
21. Quantity of POS
As a % of total neighborhood area
City Neighborhood
Study area
Green POS Civic POS Grey POS Undefined POS POS Streets Others
Total
Center 100 9.16 2.66 3.58 0.00 15.39 22.06 62.55
Ashdod Yud 100 8.13 2.73 5.79 3.15 19.81 33.78 46.41
Tet 100 6.67 1.84 5.90 12.17 26.57 17.48 55.95
B. Sheva Neve Zeev 100 6.43 0.98 0.30 9.31 17.01 31.07 51.92
R. Hanassi 100 12.52 1.27 9.63 1.05 24.47 20.04 55.49
Bat Yam Center 100 7.60 0.68 0.81 1.01 10.10 22.28 67.63
Center 100 3.44 8.09 14.11 0.76 26.41 22.25 51.35
Arad Gevim 100 16.65 0.43 0.00 10.43 27.51 23.33 49.16
Shoham Center 100 13.96 2.14 4.79 2.45 23.33 16.95 59.71
Lehavim Center 100 10.46 1.66 1.26 17.39 30.77 21.80 47.44
Mean 9.50 2.25 4.62 5.77 22.14 23.10 54.76
Mean Desert 8.73 2.60 4.31 10.01 25.65 24.13 51.16
Mean Non-Desert 10.27 1.89 4.92 1.53 18.62 23.02 58.36
Similar amount of land is invested in POS as in streets
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22. POS accessibility
Yud Neighborhood, Ashdod Neve Zeev, Beer Sheva
Desert Architecture and Urban Planning, Institute for Dryland Environmental Research, BGU Movement for Israeli Urbanism
23. Population density and Green POS per person
Relation between population density and amount of POS
40
Arad Gevim
Amount of POS per person (sqm/person)
35
30
Lehavim
25
R² = 0.779
20
15
Shoham
Bat Yam R. HaNassi
10 Ashdod
Beer Sheva Tet Yud Ashdod center
5 Beer Sheva
Arad center Bat Yam center Neve Zeev
0
0 5000 10000 15000 20000 25000
Population density (Ppl/sqm)
Desert Architecture and Urban Planning, Institute for Dryland Environmental Research, BGU Movement for Israeli Urbanism
24. Green POS per person
Amount of green POS per person by neighborhood
40
Low rise sf homes
35
30
Public housing block
Sq.m/person
25
neighborhood
20
15
10
5
0
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ud
ter
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ee
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Y
en
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.Z
Ge
ce
ce
ev
od
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c
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am
ad
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od
ad
hd
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ev
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er
am
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As
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er
Neighborhoods satisfy existing standards, but only low rise neighborhoods and
Ba
Be
“Corbusian” high rise neighborhood satisfy the proposed “environmental” standard
Neighborhood case studies
Desert Architecture and Urban Planning, Institute for Dryland Environmental Research, BGU Movement for Israeli Urbanism
25. On Quantity and size of POS
• In most neighborhoods there is too much POS, many
areas are not cared for or used – this is particularly
true in desert settlements
• Many POS are hardly used, they seem to have only an
aesthetic value for residents
• Accessibility to POS is ubiquitous. Most homes are less
than 150 m. away, almost all less than 300 m. Away
Desert Architecture and Urban Planning, Institute for Dryland Environmental Research, BGU Movement for Israeli Urbanism
26. Measured by:
Intensity of optional and social use (Gehl)
Survey of residents on use and evaluation
Feeling maps in select POS
THE QUALITY OF POS
Desert Architecture and Urban Planning, Institute for Dryland Environmental Research, BGU Movement for Israeli Urbanism
27. Intensity of use
by POS type, climate and season
Optional activity by season and climate area
300
250
31.9
Ppl/hour per dunam
200 31.6 9.7
23.9 Green w ide
150 Green linear
19.9 Civic
8
100 9.7 9.4 198.7
165.5
50 96.1 99.4
0 Difference
between
er
er
r
r
te
te
m
m
in
in
seasons is
m
m
w
w
su
su
Non desert area Desert area stronger in
Clim ate areas by season
Desert Areas
Desert Architecture and Urban Planning, Institute for Dryland Environmental Research, BGU Movement for Israeli Urbanism
28. Movement and Optional Activity - Summer
SUMMER
Use of POS
250
intentional not
Optional activity in POS (Ppl/20')
200 casual
2
R = 0.5018
150
Non Desert area
2
R = 0.2125 Desert area
100
Linear (Desert area)
50 Linear (Non Desert area)
0
0 50 100 150 200 250
Pedestrian movement (Ppl/20')
Desert Architecture and Urban Planning, Institute for Dryland Environmental Research, BGU Movement for Israeli Urbanism
29. Most successful – POS combining civic and
green space
Desert Architecture and Urban Planning, Institute for Dryland Environmental Research, BGU Movement for Israeli Urbanism
30. Survey Results:
Preference for outside activities
value
Activity in open spaces
from 1-5
1 Sitting in the private open spaces of their houses 4
2 Walking along the neighborhood streets 3.4
3 Spending time in open spaces out of the neighborhood 3.2
4 Spending time in the neighborhood commercial center 3
5 Spending time in the neighborhood park 2.7
People prefer private open space and walking along
neighborhood streets to neighborhood commercial
centers and sitting in neighborhood parks
Desert Architecture and Urban Planning, Institute for Dryland Environmental Research, BGU Movement for Israeli Urbanism
31. Ranking of Satisfaction with POS
City Neighborhood Grade M2/pp
Shoham Center 4.4 14.50
Lehavim Center 4.3 28.95
Arad Gevim 3.9 37.82
Bat Yam R. HaNassi 3.5 13.82
Ashdod Yud 3.5 5.39
Bat Yam Center 3.3 5.34
Ashdod Center 3.2 5.33
Arad Center 3.1 3.36
Beer Sheva Neve Zeev 2.9 3.19
Beer Sheva Tet 2.7 7.29
Desert Architecture and Urban Planning, Institute for Dryland Environmental Research, BGU Movement for Israeli Urbanism
32. FEELINGS IN POS
Desert Architecture and Urban Planning, Institute for Dryland Environmental Research, BGU Movement for Israeli Urbanism
33. Factors that influence the perceived
qualities of POS
Context Individual
Site
characteristics
Weather Location Physical features
Urban
design Feelings
qualities
No. of
people &
activities
Desert Architecture and Urban Planning, Institute for Dryland Environmental Research, BGU Movement for Israeli Urbanism
34. Survey of feelings in POS
Desert Architecture and Urban Planning, Institute for Dryland Environmental Research, BGU Movement for Israeli Urbanism
35. Feelings in POS by season
summer winter
AR AR AS BY BS BS AS BS AS BY BY AR AS BY
Used 18 23
Unused 16 24
Used 14 23
Unused W 15 19
Unused E 9 20
Used S 14 14
Used 7 16
Civic 6 16
Unused 8 13
Civic 7 13
Civic 4 15
Used N 1 8
Unused -1 10
Civic -8 -2
-10 -5 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45
Sum of Mean Feeling Evaluation
Desert Architecture and Urban Planning, Institute for Dryland Environmental Research, BGU Movement for Israeli Urbanism
36. Feelings by climatic zones
Mean feeling Mean feeling
p-value
coastal plain northern Negev
All POS 0.55 0.36 0.06
Civic POS 0.41 0.1 0.12
Used green POS 0.52 0.68 0.
Unused green POS 0.68 0.29
Desert Architecture and Urban Planning, Institute for Dryland Environmental Research, BGU Movement for Israeli Urbanism
37. Influencing factors
Most repeated positive influence
All POS Vegetation Aesthetics and
the design
Northern The
Negev surrounding
environment
Coastal Cleanliness
plain and
maintenance
Desert Architecture and Urban Planning, Institute for Dryland Environmental Research, BGU Movement for Israeli Urbanism
38. Influencing factor questionnaire
Most repeated negative influence
All POS Lack of Lack of
vegetation cleanliness and
maintenance
Northern The
Negev surrounding
environment
Desert Architecture and Urban Planning, Institute for Dryland Environmental Research, BGU Movement for Israeli Urbanism
39. The physical quality of POS and Feelings
Successful POS Unsuccessful POS
Aesthetic and harmonious Vast, unmaintained grassy
Shaded play equipment areas
Lush Green Unshaded sitting places
Desert Architecture and Urban Planning, Institute for Dryland Environmental Research, BGU Movement for Israeli Urbanism
40. On People’s preferences and feelings
• People prefer private open space to all kinds of POS
• People prefer walking on neighborhood streets to
Green POS
• Even though they do not use them much people value
the presence of POS and think they are not good
enough
• Maintenance is key to good feelings in POS
• Despite less use – people feel better in used green
POS than in civic POS
• POS do not succeed in ameliorating difficult summer
conditions
Desert Architecture and Urban Planning, Institute for Dryland Environmental Research, BGU Movement for Israeli Urbanism
41. • Importance of Civic areas – most used but not well
liked. Currently not standard
• Green is appreciated but people prefer to walk on
streets - Green streets – increasing green, but where
people actually prefer to walk
• As much as possible connect green space to civic
space: town squares, boulevards
• Green POS are not attractive per se – they need a
qualitative reason for being – a functional and
ecological program
• Relate POS to the amount of private open space so as
to achieve the right balance
• Do we even need quantitative standards today?
Desert Architecture and Urban Planning, Institute for Dryland Environmental Research, BGU Movement for Israeli Urbanism
42. THANK YOU!!
Desert Architecture and Urban Planning, Institute for Dryland Environmental Research, BGU Movement for Israeli Urbanism
43. The importance of civic areas
Desert Architecture and Urban Planning, Institute for Dryland Environmental Research, BGU Movement for Israeli Urbanism
44. Green Streets
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45. Connect green space to civic space
Boulevards English squares
Desert Architecture and Urban Planning, Institute for Dryland Environmental Research, BGU Movement for Israeli Urbanism
46. Green spaces need a program
Urban nature Water retention
Hammarby-Sjöstad
Stockholm, Sweden
Images: Kristina Hill
Desert Architecture and Urban Planning, Institute for Dryland Environmental Research, BGU Movement for Israeli Urbanism
47. Green spaces need a program
Agriculture Heat island mitigation
Image: Jeremey Nemeth Image: Lutz Katschner
Desert Architecture and Urban Planning, Institute for Dryland Environmental Research, BGU Movement for Israeli Urbanism