The holy River Ganga at Haridwar is largely affected by that effluent from various industries and untreated sewage disposed from insufficient sewage treatment plants. Along with that the pilgrims that take holy dip in the pious river throughout the year, all these situations worsens the condition a lot. The quality and quantity of surface water in a river basin is influenced by natural factors such as rainfall, temperature and weathering of rocks and anthropogenic changes that curtail natural flow of the river, or alter its hydrochemistry. A study related to water quality indexing of River Ganga was conducted for four months, and four sampling stations were selected for physico chemical parameters. WQI of the River during the study period was 46.03 which fall in the good water quality. DO values ranged from 10.32 13.24 mg l, BOD values were 1.08 3.66 mg L, COD ranged from 5.50 11.50 mg L. Other physico chemical parameters were observed well in the range. Dr. Shivani Pattnaik "Irrigation Water Quality Assessment of River Ganga in Haridwar with Adjoining Areas" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-3 , April 2022, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd49644.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/chemistry/other/49644/irrigation-water-quality-assessment-of-river-ganga-in-haridwar-with-adjoining-areas/dr-shivani-pattnaik
IRJET- Study and Analysis of Changes In Water Quality of Gomti River at diffe...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study on the changes in water quality of the Gomti River at different locations over time. The study analyzed physical and chemical parameters like temperature, pH, BOD, DO, COD, total hardness, TDS, and alkalinity of water samples collected from three locations on the river in different seasons. The results showed deterioration of water quality with increasing pollution from domestic and industrial waste discharged through drains into the river downstream. Parameters like DO, TDS, and pH indicated severe water quality issues at some sites. Urgent action is needed to restore water quality and protect the aquatic ecosystem of the Gomti River.
Seasonal and Temporal Variations in Physico Chemical and Bacteriological Char...ijtsrd
The Chambal River is a tributary of the Yamuna River in Central and Northen India, and thus forms part of the greater Gangetic drainage system. The river flows north northeast through Madhya Pradesh, running for a time through Rajasthan then forming the boundary between Rajasthan and Madhya Pradesh before turning southeast to join the Yamuna in Uttar Pradesh state. It is a legendary river and finds mention in ancient scriptures. The perennial Chambal originates at Janapav, south of Mhow town, near Manpur, Indore, on the south slope of the Vindhya Range in Madhya Pradesh. The Chambal and its tributaries drain the Malwa region of northwestern Madhya Pradesh, while its tributary, the Banas, which rises in the Aravalli Range, drains southeastern Rajasthan. It ends a confluence of five rivers, including the Chambal, Kwari, Yamuna, Sind, Pahuj, at Pachnada near Bhareh in Uttar Pradesh state, at the border of Bhind and Etawah districts. The Chambal River is considered pollution free, and hosts an amazing riverine faunal assemblage including 2 species of crocodilians - the mugger and gharial, 8 species of freshwater turtles, smooth coated otters, gangetic river dolphins, skimmers, black bellied terns, sarus cranes and black necked storks, amongst others. The Chambal River is used for hydropower generation at Gandhi Sagar dam, Rana Pratap Sagar dam and Jawahar Sagar Dam and for annual irrigation of 5668.01 square kilometres in the commands of the right main canal and the left main canal of the Kota Barrage. The present article describes seasonal and temporal variations in physico chemical and bacteriological characteristics of Chambal river in Kota City, Rajasthan. Bablu Ram Meena | Sandeep Singh "Seasonal and Temporal Variations in Physico-Chemical and Bacteriological Characteristics of Chambal River in Kota City, Rajasthan" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-2 , February 2022, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd49278.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/49278/seasonal-and-temporal-variations-in-physicochemical-and-bacteriological-characteristics-of-chambal-river-in-kota-city-rajasthan/bablu-ram-meena
The document provides information about the Ganga River Basin and the Ganga Action Plan (GAP). Some key points:
- The Ganga River Basin covers over 1 million square kilometers across several states in India and neighboring countries. It supports over 40% of India's population.
- The GAP was launched in 1986 with the objective of reducing pollution in the Ganga River and improving its water quality. This included intercepting and treating domestic sewage and industrial waste.
- Despite efforts under the GAP, the Ganga remains one of the most polluted rivers in the world due to continued disposal of untreated sewage and industrial/rural waste. Additional actions are needed to fully achieve the goal of cleaning the river
This document provides an overview of water allocation practices in Uttar Pradesh and Uttarakhand with reference to future demands on the Ganga River. It notes that the Ganga River basin supports over 400 million people but faces stresses of over-abstraction and pollution. In the upper Ganga stretch, historical canals withdraw large amounts of water for irrigation, while population growth and industrialization have increased domestic and industrial demands. As a result, the upper stretch has become water starved, especially in lean seasons, leaving little water for the river's ecology. The document examines current allocation and future needs to balance human and environmental needs in a sustainable manner.
Geographical coverage is the largest – 26% of India’s land mass
Most populated basin – hosts 43% of India’s population
Annual surface water potential – 28% of India’s total
38% of India’s total estimated utilizable water comes from Ganga Basin – highest amongst all
Estimated utilizable surface water in Ganga is 48%
Nearly 40% of India’s total estimated replenishable ground water resources comes from Ganga Basin
Water is essential for ecosystem and has been termed as “Elixir of life”. Ever since the civilization, man has used water for his economic gains and substances. For over thousands of years, human settlements and civilizations have originated, concentrated and thrived around different types of water bodies. It is known that water bodies have played a crucial role in growth and development of human society. Water security is emerging as an important and vital issue for India. Many Indian cities are experiencing moderate to severe water shortages due to implicit effects of agricultural growth, Industrialization and urbanization, these shortages would be further aggravated by population stress and irrigation requirements that are major factors related to water insecurity. Due to constant growth of population, technological ad industrial progress the nature of aquatic environment undergoes numerous changes and deteriorating its quality. In urban area, water pollution problems always influence the biological imbalance are both qualitatively and quantitatively. Most of the water resources are polluted with untreated partially treated wastes from industry, domestic sewage and fertilizer pesticide run off from agriculture fields etc. Prof. Sagar R. Chavhan | Monika Khaladkar | Payal Badak "A Review on Water Quality Analysis" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-3 , April 2022, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd49526.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/environmental-engineering/49526/a-review-on-water-quality-analysis/prof-sagar-r-chavhan
Water Quality and Sediment Analysis of Selected Rivers at Satara District, Ma...ijtsrd
Water pollution is one of the major global environmental problems. It is an acute problem almost in all major rivers and water reservoirs in India. Water pollution is increasing and becoming severe day by day and posing a great risk to human health and other living organisms. There is growing concern on the deterioration of ground water quality due to geogenic and anthropogenic activities. Present investigation aims at insight about the level of contaminants of surface water, groundwater and sediment analysis of selected rivers of Krishna River located in Mahuli and Urmodi river located in Nagthane, Satara district. An attempt has been made to assess the water quality, sediment analysis of the samples. Dissolved oxygen content of the water samples was observed quite well in limits such as in Krishna river Mahuli DO was 27.68mg L and in Urmodi river Nagthane was13.68mg .In the present study, COD value was observed by 720mg l at surface water of Krishna River Mahuliand 1320 mg l at surface water sample of Urmodi river Nagthane. As expected groundwater samples showed values of hardness within a limit. There is an urgent need for more representative samples to be used to go beyond preliminary assessment as reported in the present study for making appropriate recommendations. Pallavi Dhekale | Pranjal Nikam | Sagar Dadas | Chetana Patil "Water Quality and Sediment Analysis of Selected Rivers at Satara District, Maharashtra" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-6 , October 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd28062.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/pharmacy/medicinal-chemistry/28062/water-quality-and-sediment-analysis-of-selected-rivers-at-satara-district-maharashtra/pallavi-dhekale
IRJET- Study and Analysis of Changes In Water Quality of Gomti River at diffe...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study on the changes in water quality of the Gomti River at different locations over time. The study analyzed physical and chemical parameters like temperature, pH, BOD, DO, COD, total hardness, TDS, and alkalinity of water samples collected from three locations on the river in different seasons. The results showed deterioration of water quality with increasing pollution from domestic and industrial waste discharged through drains into the river downstream. Parameters like DO, TDS, and pH indicated severe water quality issues at some sites. Urgent action is needed to restore water quality and protect the aquatic ecosystem of the Gomti River.
Seasonal and Temporal Variations in Physico Chemical and Bacteriological Char...ijtsrd
The Chambal River is a tributary of the Yamuna River in Central and Northen India, and thus forms part of the greater Gangetic drainage system. The river flows north northeast through Madhya Pradesh, running for a time through Rajasthan then forming the boundary between Rajasthan and Madhya Pradesh before turning southeast to join the Yamuna in Uttar Pradesh state. It is a legendary river and finds mention in ancient scriptures. The perennial Chambal originates at Janapav, south of Mhow town, near Manpur, Indore, on the south slope of the Vindhya Range in Madhya Pradesh. The Chambal and its tributaries drain the Malwa region of northwestern Madhya Pradesh, while its tributary, the Banas, which rises in the Aravalli Range, drains southeastern Rajasthan. It ends a confluence of five rivers, including the Chambal, Kwari, Yamuna, Sind, Pahuj, at Pachnada near Bhareh in Uttar Pradesh state, at the border of Bhind and Etawah districts. The Chambal River is considered pollution free, and hosts an amazing riverine faunal assemblage including 2 species of crocodilians - the mugger and gharial, 8 species of freshwater turtles, smooth coated otters, gangetic river dolphins, skimmers, black bellied terns, sarus cranes and black necked storks, amongst others. The Chambal River is used for hydropower generation at Gandhi Sagar dam, Rana Pratap Sagar dam and Jawahar Sagar Dam and for annual irrigation of 5668.01 square kilometres in the commands of the right main canal and the left main canal of the Kota Barrage. The present article describes seasonal and temporal variations in physico chemical and bacteriological characteristics of Chambal river in Kota City, Rajasthan. Bablu Ram Meena | Sandeep Singh "Seasonal and Temporal Variations in Physico-Chemical and Bacteriological Characteristics of Chambal River in Kota City, Rajasthan" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-2 , February 2022, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd49278.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/49278/seasonal-and-temporal-variations-in-physicochemical-and-bacteriological-characteristics-of-chambal-river-in-kota-city-rajasthan/bablu-ram-meena
The document provides information about the Ganga River Basin and the Ganga Action Plan (GAP). Some key points:
- The Ganga River Basin covers over 1 million square kilometers across several states in India and neighboring countries. It supports over 40% of India's population.
- The GAP was launched in 1986 with the objective of reducing pollution in the Ganga River and improving its water quality. This included intercepting and treating domestic sewage and industrial waste.
- Despite efforts under the GAP, the Ganga remains one of the most polluted rivers in the world due to continued disposal of untreated sewage and industrial/rural waste. Additional actions are needed to fully achieve the goal of cleaning the river
This document provides an overview of water allocation practices in Uttar Pradesh and Uttarakhand with reference to future demands on the Ganga River. It notes that the Ganga River basin supports over 400 million people but faces stresses of over-abstraction and pollution. In the upper Ganga stretch, historical canals withdraw large amounts of water for irrigation, while population growth and industrialization have increased domestic and industrial demands. As a result, the upper stretch has become water starved, especially in lean seasons, leaving little water for the river's ecology. The document examines current allocation and future needs to balance human and environmental needs in a sustainable manner.
Geographical coverage is the largest – 26% of India’s land mass
Most populated basin – hosts 43% of India’s population
Annual surface water potential – 28% of India’s total
38% of India’s total estimated utilizable water comes from Ganga Basin – highest amongst all
Estimated utilizable surface water in Ganga is 48%
Nearly 40% of India’s total estimated replenishable ground water resources comes from Ganga Basin
Water is essential for ecosystem and has been termed as “Elixir of life”. Ever since the civilization, man has used water for his economic gains and substances. For over thousands of years, human settlements and civilizations have originated, concentrated and thrived around different types of water bodies. It is known that water bodies have played a crucial role in growth and development of human society. Water security is emerging as an important and vital issue for India. Many Indian cities are experiencing moderate to severe water shortages due to implicit effects of agricultural growth, Industrialization and urbanization, these shortages would be further aggravated by population stress and irrigation requirements that are major factors related to water insecurity. Due to constant growth of population, technological ad industrial progress the nature of aquatic environment undergoes numerous changes and deteriorating its quality. In urban area, water pollution problems always influence the biological imbalance are both qualitatively and quantitatively. Most of the water resources are polluted with untreated partially treated wastes from industry, domestic sewage and fertilizer pesticide run off from agriculture fields etc. Prof. Sagar R. Chavhan | Monika Khaladkar | Payal Badak "A Review on Water Quality Analysis" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-3 , April 2022, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd49526.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/environmental-engineering/49526/a-review-on-water-quality-analysis/prof-sagar-r-chavhan
Water Quality and Sediment Analysis of Selected Rivers at Satara District, Ma...ijtsrd
Water pollution is one of the major global environmental problems. It is an acute problem almost in all major rivers and water reservoirs in India. Water pollution is increasing and becoming severe day by day and posing a great risk to human health and other living organisms. There is growing concern on the deterioration of ground water quality due to geogenic and anthropogenic activities. Present investigation aims at insight about the level of contaminants of surface water, groundwater and sediment analysis of selected rivers of Krishna River located in Mahuli and Urmodi river located in Nagthane, Satara district. An attempt has been made to assess the water quality, sediment analysis of the samples. Dissolved oxygen content of the water samples was observed quite well in limits such as in Krishna river Mahuli DO was 27.68mg L and in Urmodi river Nagthane was13.68mg .In the present study, COD value was observed by 720mg l at surface water of Krishna River Mahuliand 1320 mg l at surface water sample of Urmodi river Nagthane. As expected groundwater samples showed values of hardness within a limit. There is an urgent need for more representative samples to be used to go beyond preliminary assessment as reported in the present study for making appropriate recommendations. Pallavi Dhekale | Pranjal Nikam | Sagar Dadas | Chetana Patil "Water Quality and Sediment Analysis of Selected Rivers at Satara District, Maharashtra" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-6 , October 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd28062.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/pharmacy/medicinal-chemistry/28062/water-quality-and-sediment-analysis-of-selected-rivers-at-satara-district-maharashtra/pallavi-dhekale
Physico Chemical Parameter of River Ajnal at Harda M.P.ijtsrd
Rapid Industrialization and urbanization affect the natural system including water. Ajnal river is a small river of Harda M.P. . In the recent decade it was polluted and become a Nalla. Sample was collected from the River Ajnal at three different sites of town Harda in different season. Research work divides on three different season winter, summer and monsoon in the year 2018 to 2019 and analyzed the physicochemical parameters Temperature, transparency, pH, alkalinity, water hardness, DO, etc. average water quality of the river was observed during research work. Suraj Chhipa | Narendra Khore | Dr. Rashida Qureshi ""Physico-Chemical Parameter of River Ajnal at Harda (M.P.)"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-2 , February 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd29924.pdf
Paper Url : https://www.ijtsrd.com/chemistry/other/29924/physico-chemical-parameter-of-river-ajnal-at-harda-mp/suraj-chhipa
Assessment of Water Quality of Lakes for Drinking and Irrigation Purposes in ...IJERA Editor
Lake water is an important source for drinking, domestic and irrigation purposes in rural and urban India. The present study aims at evaluating the water quality of various lakes in Raipur city, Chhatisgarh. There existed 154 lakes in the city but it shrinked to 85 in number due to encroachment or drying up of lakes. Twenty seven prominent lakes are selected to study and evaluate the water quality for drinking and irrigation purposes. The water samples were collected and analysed for pH, Turbidity, Electrical Conductivity (EC), Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), Alkalinity, Hardness, Sodium(Na+), Potassium(K+), Calcium(Ca2+), Magnesium(Mg2+), Bicarbonate(HCO3-), Sulphate (SO42-), Nitrate (NO3−),Phosphate(PO43-) Fluoride(F-), Chloride (Cl−), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD), Dissolved Oxygen (DO), Total Coliform (TC) and Fecal Coliform (FC). There are variations for pH (6.59-8.29), EC (382-2330μS/cm), Turbidity (1-232 NTU), TDS (244-1491 mg/L), Alkalinity (120-600 mg/L), Hardness (66-330mg/L), Na+(37-430 mg/L), K+ (8-253 mg/L), Ca2+ (9-90 mg/L), Mg2+(3-26 mg/L), SO42- (5-200 mg/L), NO3-(0-19 mg/L), PO43-(0.19-5.3 mg/L), F-(0.18-1.41 mg/L) and Cl- (46-388 mg/L), DO(1-8.6 mg/L), BOD (0.1-11.3 mg/L), COD (8-118 mg/L), Total Coliform( 15-3600 MPN/100ml) and Fecal Coliform (4-240 MPN/100 ml). The results have been compared with the drinking water standard prescribed by Bureau of Indian Standard (BIS). All the physiochemical parameters are within the prescribed limit except turbidity, fecal & total coliform. The Sodium Adsorption Ratio (SAR) and salinity hazards are studied to classify the water for irrigation uses. It is found that lake water is suitable for irrigation purposes.
Evaluating water quality of ganga river within uttarAlexander Decker
This document summarizes a study that evaluated water quality in the Ganga River within the state of Uttar Pradesh in India. 13 monitoring stations were selected along the river to test various water quality parameters like BOD, TH, PO4, NO3, EC and pH. A water quality index was calculated using a C++ program based on WHO drinking water quality standards. The results found that concentrations of several parameters exceeded acceptable limits. Maintaining water quality in the Ganga is important as it supports the livelihoods of millions of people living in its basin.
Analytical study on effects of water quality parameters using remote sensing ...eSAT Publishing House
This document analyzes the effects of water quality parameters in Hyderabad, India using remote sensing and GIS techniques. It discusses how rapid urbanization and industrialization have led to unchecked pollution in and around Hyderabad. One of the major problems is water pollution from sources like municipal/industrial waste, agricultural runoff, and urban runoff. Various techniques are used to remove pollutants from water bodies, including adsorption, ion exchange, and reverse osmosis. Water samples were collected from the study area and analyzed for physicochemical parameters to understand current groundwater conditions and identify pollution zones. The findings will help urban planners and administrators manage water resources and plan development.
Analytical study on effects of water quality parameters using remote sensing ...eSAT Journals
Abstract Rapid urbanization and industrialization has led to unchecked proliferation of hazardous industries in and around Hyderabad, unchecked and unregulated distribution and management of urban resources especially green areas, water bodies and the combination of above aspects with large scale urban sprawl have all made Hyderabad an unmanaged polluting city. One of the major problems 'Water Pollution' is referred to the addition to water an excess of material that is harmful to humans, animals, or desirable aquatic life, or otherwise causes significant departures from the normal activities of various living communities, in or near bodies of water. The term water pollution refers to any type of aquatic contamination between two extremes: A highly enriched over productive biotic community such as river or lake with nutrients from sewer or fertilizer. Water bodies poisoned by toxic chemicals, which eliminate living organizing, exclude all forms of life. Many steps are being taken to keep pollutants from reaching groundwater supplies. Manufacturers should use fewer toxic raw materials. Consumers have switched to phosphate-free detergents and other less polluting household products. Pollution control measures such as the Clean Water Act have also been a big part of the protection of drinking water supplies. Reutilization and Recycling of Waste: Various kinds of wastes like paper pulp, municipal and industrial effluents, sewage and thermal pollutants can be recycled to advantage. For example, urban waste could be recycled to generate cheaper fuel gas and electricity. Removal of Pollutants- The various physicochemical techniques used for removal of chemical biological or radiological pollutants have been adsorption, electro dialysis, ion exchange and reverse osmosis etc. Keywords: Water Bodies, Water Pollution, Water Quality.
An assessment of seasonal fluctuations in physicochemical variables in Lake Z...AI Publications
Seasonal changes in physicochemical characteristics were investigated in Zuzuwadi Lake and Ballur Lake in the Hosur District of Tamil Nadu, India. Throughout the year, mean air and water temperatures ranged from 27.0 to 32.0ºC. The dissolved oxygen concentrations at each station throughout the summer and winter seasons were in the range of 6.0 ± 0.113 (±1.89%) to 9.0 ± 1.118 (±1.57%) ppm and 12.0 ± 0.127 (±1.05%) to 13.5 ± 0.445 (±3.51%) ppm, correspondingly. The conductivity was between 300.0 ± 1.652 (±4.15%) to 329.0 ± 2.422 (±4.15%) µS/cm. The nitrate content of Lake Zuzuwadi ranges from 8.0 ± 0.113 (±1.62%) to 10.0 ± 1.132 (±12.57%) ppm, indicating that the water is oligotrophic and could destroy aquatic ecosystems. In Lake Zuzuwadi, the Biological Oxygen Demand and Chemical Oxygen Demand remained at 5.0 ± 0.113 (±1.62%) and 200.0 ± 12.652 (±4.15%) ppm, respectively, but in Lake Ballur, they were 9.0 ± 1.386 (±19.80%) and 200.0 ± 12.652 (±4.15%) ppm. Both stations had salinities of less than 200.0 ± 1.497 (±0.50%) ppm. Lake Zuzuwadi has been found to have algal blooms. According to the comparative Physico-chemical parameter interpretations, Lake Zuzuwadi is oligotrophic in nature, while Lake Ballur is slightly contaminated, containing a diverse array of aquatic creatures that rely on the lakes to exist. Zuzuwadi Lake had a WQI of 60.6 ± 0.999 (±1.65%), whereas Ballur Lake had a WQI of 70.4 ± 0.784 (±1.11%) indicating that the water quality is bad.
Groundwater Quality Assessment in hard rock terrain of Rasipuram Taluk, Namak...IJERA Editor
Groundwater is of most important to rural development in many countries of the world. Over exploitation of
groundwater has become a major challenge not only to the present civilization and also for the future
generations. The main focus of this study is to assess the suitability of groundwater quality for drinking and
irrigation purposes in vicinity of Rasipuram block in Tamil Nadu. Groundwater samples from 15 locations were
collected from different wells during January 2015 and analyzed for different physico-chemical parameters. The
usefulness of these parameters in predicting groundwater quality characteristics were discussed. The quality of
groundwater in the study area is fresh to brackish water, moderately hard to very hard in nature. The piper plot
shows that the most of the groundwater samples fall in the field of Na+-Cl- and mixed Ca++-Na+-Cl- type. Water
quality index rating was carried out to quantify overall groundwater quality status of the area. The WQI for these
samples ranges from 37.34 to 650. Hence majority of the water samples are poor to very poor in water quality.
The area in general is characterized by hard water, hence is not suitable for drinking purpose. The samples
plotted in the piper and USSL diagram were used to understand the chemical characteristic of groundwater for
irrigation purposes. However, the values of SAR, Na% and RSC indicate that groundwater is suitable for
irrigation purposes. Overall water quality of the study area was found satisfactory for drinking purpose except in
few locations and suitable for irrigation purpose. Hence the local government needs to initiate remedial
measures.
Groundwater Quality Assessment in hard rock terrain of Rasipuram Taluk, Namak...IJERA Editor
Groundwater is of most important to rural development in many countries of the world. Over exploitation of
groundwater has become a major challenge not only to the present civilization and also for the future
generations. The main focus of this study is to assess the suitability of groundwater quality for drinking and
irrigation purposes in vicinity of Rasipuram block in Tamil Nadu. Groundwater samples from 15 locations were
collected from different wells during January 2015 and analyzed for different physico-chemical parameters. The
usefulness of these parameters in predicting groundwater quality characteristics were discussed. The quality of
groundwater in the study area is fresh to brackish water, moderately hard to very hard in nature. The piper plot
shows that the most of the groundwater samples fall in the field of Na+
-Cland
mixed Ca++
-Na+
-Cltype.
Water
quality index rating was carried out to quantify overall groundwater quality status of the area. The WQI for these
samples ranges from 37.34 to 650. Hence majority of the water samples are poor to very poor in water quality.
The area in general is characterized by hard water, hence is not suitable for drinking purpose. The samples
plotted in the piper and USSL diagram were used to understand the chemical characteristic of groundwater for
irrigation purposes. However, the values of SAR, Na% and RSC indicate that groundwater is suitable for
irrigation purposes. Overall water quality of the study area was found satisfactory for drinking purpose except in
few locations and suitable for irrigation purpose. Hence the local government needs to initiate remedial
measures.
IRJET- Water Quality Analysis of Aghanashini Estuary,Karnataka –A Case StudyIRJET Journal
The document analyzes water quality parameters of the Aghanashini Estuary in Karnataka, India over two sampling periods. Water samples were collected from four stations in the estuary and analyzed for 10 physicochemical parameters including pH, electrical conductivity, turbidity, chlorides, nitrates, and hardness. The results show higher concentrations of chlorides, EC, TDS, nitrates and hardness in the pre-monsoon season compared to standards, likely due to increased intrusion of seawater during low river flow. The water quality indicates potential for irrigation use with treatment. Further analysis of conveying estuary water to nearby Bengaluru city for water supply is discussed.
IRJET- Water Quality Assessment of Nandini River (Nasardi), NashikIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a research study assessing the water quality of the Nandini River in Nashik, India. A group of students from the Department of Civil Engineering at MET's Bhujbal Knowledge City Institute of Technology collected water samples from various locations along the Nandini River and analyzed them to determine levels of various physical and chemical parameters. These parameters included pH, hardness, solids, alkalinity, conductivity, temperature, dissolved oxygen, chemical oxygen demand, turbidity and color. Analyzing these parameters at different locations would help identify where the river is becoming polluted along its journey. The results of this study could inform measures to prevent further pollution of the Nandini River and ultimately the Godavari River
Assessment of Quality of the Chambal River Using Combination with That of Kot...ijtsrd
The present study was conducted to understand the physico chemical characteristics of Chambal River, in National Chambal sanctuary in Madhya Pradesh. The Chambal River is located in west central India and flows through three Indian states Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan and Uttar Pradesh. The Chambal also forms part of the Rajasthan Madhya Pradesh boundary. The stretch of Chambal river contained in the National Chambal sanctuary located at 25 º 23 26 º 52N, 76 º 28 79 º 15E is extending up to 600 km downstream from Kota Rajasthan to the confluence of the Chambal with Yamuna river. On the basis of various parameters studied, Chambal River in this stretch can be placed under the category of Class C as per CPCB standards. The Chambal river water in the sanctuary area is pollution free and can serve as a good habitat for many aquatic flora and fauna including endangered species.The Chambal River originates from the summit of Janapav hill of the Vindhyan range at an altitude of 854 m above the msl at 220 27’ N and 750 37’ E in Mhow, district Indore, Madhya Pradesh. The river has a course of 965 km up to its confluence with the Yamuna River in the Etawah district of Uttar Pradesh. It is one of the last remnant rivers in the greater Ganges River system, which has retained significant conservation values. It harbours the largest gharial population of the world and high density of the Gangetic dolphin per river km. Apart from these, the major fauna of the River includes the mugger crocodile, smooth coated otter, seven species of freshwater turtles, and 78 species of wetland birds. The major terrestrial fauna of the adjacent areas are Indian wolf, golden jackal, caracal, jungle cat, desert cat, ratel, small Indian civet and neelgai. Unlike other rivers of greater Ganges drainage system the Chambal River is relatively unpolluted. Dr. Nitin Gupta | Dr. Rakesh Kumar Dubey | Dr. SM Nafees "Assessment of Quality of the Chambal River Using Combination with That of Kota District" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-3 , April 2022, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd49612.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/49612/assessment-of-quality-of-the-chambal-river-using-combination-with-that-of-kota-district/dr-nitin-gupta
Assessment of Physico Chemical Characteristics of Groundwater Quality of Ajme...ijtsrd
Studies of Physico chemical parameters of groundwater quality based on Physico chemical parameters of Ajmer city in Rajasthan have been taken up to evaluate its suitability for domestics purpose. 21 ground water samples were collected from different places of Ajmer city in Rajasthan. The quality analysis has been made through the pH, EC, TDS, Dissolved Oxygen, BOD, COD, Total Hardness, Sodium, Potassium, Calcium, Magnesium, Chloride, Sulphate, Nitrate, Fluoride and Alkalinity. A systematic calculation of the correlation coffecient has also been carried out between different analysed parameters. Comparative studies of samples in different seasons were conducted and it was found that Electrical Conductivity and Total Dissoved Solids TDS were decreased. Alkalinity and Total Hardness were increased after the rainfall. Ajmer is one of the major and oldest cities in the Indian state of Rajasthan and the centre of the eponymous Ajmer District. It is located at the centre of Rajasthan, and is home to the Ajmer Sharif shrine. The city was established as Ajayameru translated as Invincible Hills by a Chahamana ruler, either Ajayaraja I or Ajayaraja II, and served as their capital until the 12th century CE. Ajmer is in the northwest of India and is surrounded by the Aravali Mountains. It is situated on the lower slopes of the Taragarh Hill of that range. To the northwest is the Nagapathar Range of the Aravali Mountain Ranges which protects it from desertification from the Thar Desert. Kishan Gopal Jhanwar | Rajeev Mehta | Preeti Mehta "Assessment of Physico-Chemical Characteristics of Groundwater Quality of Ajmer City in Rajasthan" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-4 , June 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.compapers/ijtsrd43639.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.comchemistry/other/43639/assessment-of-physicochemical-characteristics-of-groundwater-quality-of-ajmer-city-in-rajasthan/kishan-gopal-jhanwar
This document summarizes a study assessing groundwater quality in rural areas near Vijayawada, India. The study analyzed physicochemical parameters like pH, turbidity, conductivity, alkalinity, hardness, nitrates and more from groundwater samples from four villages. Most parameters were within permissible limits, except for higher hardness levels. The highest conductivity, pH, chlorides, alkalinity were found in samples from Nidamanuru village, possibly due to agricultural and industrial pollution from nearby areas entering the groundwater. The study aims to evaluate groundwater quality for drinking and other uses in the region.
Analysis of Bhadra River Surface Water during Rainy Seasontheijes
Water samples were collected from Bhadra river along four different significant points and analyzed various temperature correlated parameters during the period rainy season 5th july, 2014 to 22nd august, 2014 using standard method. Water samples were collected from about10 cm depth with three replications from each station during low tides and high tides of the day. The study was conducted to know the present status of the water quality of the Bhadra river and the change of water quality parameters with the change of temperature. The study is significant due to huge practice of aquaculture at the adjacent area using the river water. The other significant feature is the connection of the river with sundarbans river system. This study involves the determination of some physical and chemical parameters which are mainly temperature correlated such as pH, transparency, salinity, electrical conductivity (EC), total alkalinity, total acidity, dissolved oxygen (DO) and dissolved free carbon dioxide of the surface water at four locations. The mean of parameters of different stations were temperature 290C; pH 7.68; transparency 10.88 cm, salinity 3.18 ppt, electrical conductivity (EC) 4.78 mS/cm, total alkalinity 103.91 mg/L, total acidity 8.4 mg/L, dissolve oxygen(DO) 5.1 mg/L, dissolve free carbon dioxide 3.89 mg/L. According to the results the parameters found less deviation from the standard water quality for aquatic habitat of river water
Study of Groundwater Arsenic in Terai Belt of Eastern Uttar Pradesh, Indiaijtsrd
The present study investigates the groundwater solute chemistry, hydrogeochemical behavior of arsenic As and the assessment of health risks through ingestion and dermal contact pathways to the adults and children of the Bahraich district, falling under the middle Gangetic plain, Ghaghara river sub basin, Terai region of India. A Monte Carlo simulation and a sensitivity analysis were also performed to quantify the uncertainties and impact of various input variables in risk calculations, respectively. Concentrations major ions Ca2 , Mg2 , Na , K , SO42 , PO43 NO3 , HCO3 , F and Cl , dissolved organic carbon DOC , and trace metals As, Fe, and Mn as well as physical parameters EC, pH, and Eh were measured on the collected groundwater and river water samples. The concentration of As in the groundwater samples was found in range between 0.64 µg L to 104 µg L and ~37 of the samples had As 10 µg L WHO and BIS acceptable limit of 10 µg L for drinking water . River water samples also displayed high As concentrations mean of 14 µg L with ~73 of samples having As 10 µg L, which could be attributed to infiltration from As enriched sallow groundwater of the nearby regions. The groundwater of the study area was predominantly of Ca2 Mg2 HCO3 type. Bivariate weathering plots showed groundwater was influenced by silicate weathering and carbonate dissolution, along with the ion exchange and reverse ion exchange processes, with a minor contribution from evaporate dissolution. Most of the groundwater samples n = 57 were anoxic and had low SO42 and NO3 , and high Mn, Fe and DOC concentrations. The observed values and correlations between various measured parameters, including groundwater As concentrations and saturation indices calculations, indicated the reductive dissolution of iron oxyhydroxide as the major process for As mobilization in the study area. The results of total non carcinogenic risk HI estimated by the deterministic and probabilistic techniques were nearly identical for both adults and children, but an overestimation was observed in the case of carcinogenic risk calculated by the deterministic approach. Health risk results also showed that children were more susceptible to non carcinogenic risk, whereas adults were at a higher risk of cancer in the study area. Sensitivity analysis indicated that the concentration of As in groundwater and exposure duration ED were the most effective variables for non carcinogenic HI and carcinogenic TILCR risk estimation in both adults and children. Anil K Dwivedi "Study of Groundwater Arsenic in Terai Belt of Eastern Uttar Pradesh, India" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-6 , October 2022, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd51840.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/biological-science/botany/51840/study-of-groundwater-arsenic-in-terai-belt-of-eastern-uttar-pradesh-india/anil-k-dwivedi
Kn sw study of river water samples at various sites in southern karnatakahydrologyproject0
The document summarizes a study conducted by the Karnataka Engineering Research Station to assess water quality in rivers in southern Karnataka, including the Cauvery River and its tributaries. Fourteen monitoring stations were selected along 11 rivers. Water samples were collected monthly from 2009 to 2011 and analyzed for 27 parameters. The parameters were within desirable limits according to drinking water and irrigation standards, except for higher coliform counts. Water quality was suitable for Class C uses such as irrigation. The study aims to monitor long-term quality trends and classify stations for future monitoring.
IRJET- Water Quality Assesment of Kotithirta –A Holy Temple Lake of Gokar...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study assessing the water quality of Kotithirta Lake in Gokarna, Karnataka, India. Water samples were collected from 5 sites around the lake in January 2018 and analyzed for various physicochemical parameters. The results found the lake water to be classified as Class E according to CPCB standards, indicating it is unsuitable for drinking without treatment. High turbidity, dissolved solids, BOD, and coliform bacteria levels suggested the water is polluted from human activities like bathing, washing, and waste disposal near the lake from the surrounding population. Proper management is needed to improve the water quality of this sacred lake.
ASSESSMENT OF GROUND WATER QUALITY USING WATER QUALITY INDEX WITHIN 4KM RADIU...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study that assessed the impact of effluent from a sugar distillery plant on groundwater quality within a 4km radius of the plant in Barbanki District, India. Water samples were collected from groundwater sources and analyzed for physicochemical parameters. A water quality index was calculated to evaluate suitability of the groundwater for drinking purposes. The results showed degradation of groundwater quality due to contamination from the sugar industry effluent. Many parameters exceeded acceptable limits for drinking water. Therefore, the groundwater in the area requires treatment before consumption.
The Ganges River is one of India's most polluted rivers due to waste from cities, industries, agriculture, and religious practices being dumped into it. This pollution threatens many species and causes waterborne diseases in humans. The Namami Gange program aims to clean the Ganga through sewage treatment plants, industrial monitoring, afforestation, and more, but significant pollution from cities like Kanpur, Varanasi, and Allahabad continues to endanger both aquatic life and humans who rely on the river.
The Ganges River is a holy and historically significant river that flows through India and Bangladesh. It rises in the Himalayas and flows south and east before emptying into the Bay of Bengal. Pollution from human and industrial waste as well as religious practices have severely impacted the river's water quality, posing health risks. Efforts under the Ganga Action Plan to clean up the river have largely failed due to lack of environmental planning and support.
‘Six Sigma Technique’ A Journey Through its Implementationijtsrd
The manufacturing industries all over the world are facing tough challenges for growth, development and sustainability in today’s competitive environment. They have to achieve apex position by adapting with the global competitive environment by delivering goods and services at low cost, prime quality and better price to increase wealth and consumer satisfaction. Cost Management ensures profit, growth and sustainability of the business with implementation of Continuous Improvement Technique like Six Sigma. This leads to optimize Business performance. The method drives for customer satisfaction, low variation, reduction in waste and cycle time resulting into a competitive advantage over other industries which did not implement it. The main objective of this paper ‘Six Sigma Technique A Journey Through Its Implementation’ is to conceptualize the effectiveness of Six Sigma Technique through the journey of its implementation. Aditi Sunilkumar Ghosalkar "‘Six Sigma Technique’: A Journey Through its Implementation" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64546.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/64546/‘six-sigma-technique’-a-journey-through-its-implementation/aditi-sunilkumar-ghosalkar
Edge Computing in Space Enhancing Data Processing and Communication for Space...ijtsrd
Edge computing, a paradigm that involves processing data closer to its source, has gained significant attention for its potential to revolutionize data processing and communication in space missions. With the increasing complexity and data volume generated by modern space missions, traditional centralized computing approaches face challenges related to latency, bandwidth, and security. Edge computing in space, involving on board processing and analysis of data, offers promising solutions to these challenges. This paper explores the concept of edge computing in space, its benefits, applications, and future prospects in enhancing space missions. Manish Verma "Edge Computing in Space: Enhancing Data Processing and Communication for Space Missions" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64541.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/computer-science/artificial-intelligence/64541/edge-computing-in-space-enhancing-data-processing-and-communication-for-space-missions/manish-verma
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Physico Chemical Parameter of River Ajnal at Harda M.P.ijtsrd
Rapid Industrialization and urbanization affect the natural system including water. Ajnal river is a small river of Harda M.P. . In the recent decade it was polluted and become a Nalla. Sample was collected from the River Ajnal at three different sites of town Harda in different season. Research work divides on three different season winter, summer and monsoon in the year 2018 to 2019 and analyzed the physicochemical parameters Temperature, transparency, pH, alkalinity, water hardness, DO, etc. average water quality of the river was observed during research work. Suraj Chhipa | Narendra Khore | Dr. Rashida Qureshi ""Physico-Chemical Parameter of River Ajnal at Harda (M.P.)"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-2 , February 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd29924.pdf
Paper Url : https://www.ijtsrd.com/chemistry/other/29924/physico-chemical-parameter-of-river-ajnal-at-harda-mp/suraj-chhipa
Assessment of Water Quality of Lakes for Drinking and Irrigation Purposes in ...IJERA Editor
Lake water is an important source for drinking, domestic and irrigation purposes in rural and urban India. The present study aims at evaluating the water quality of various lakes in Raipur city, Chhatisgarh. There existed 154 lakes in the city but it shrinked to 85 in number due to encroachment or drying up of lakes. Twenty seven prominent lakes are selected to study and evaluate the water quality for drinking and irrigation purposes. The water samples were collected and analysed for pH, Turbidity, Electrical Conductivity (EC), Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), Alkalinity, Hardness, Sodium(Na+), Potassium(K+), Calcium(Ca2+), Magnesium(Mg2+), Bicarbonate(HCO3-), Sulphate (SO42-), Nitrate (NO3−),Phosphate(PO43-) Fluoride(F-), Chloride (Cl−), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD), Dissolved Oxygen (DO), Total Coliform (TC) and Fecal Coliform (FC). There are variations for pH (6.59-8.29), EC (382-2330μS/cm), Turbidity (1-232 NTU), TDS (244-1491 mg/L), Alkalinity (120-600 mg/L), Hardness (66-330mg/L), Na+(37-430 mg/L), K+ (8-253 mg/L), Ca2+ (9-90 mg/L), Mg2+(3-26 mg/L), SO42- (5-200 mg/L), NO3-(0-19 mg/L), PO43-(0.19-5.3 mg/L), F-(0.18-1.41 mg/L) and Cl- (46-388 mg/L), DO(1-8.6 mg/L), BOD (0.1-11.3 mg/L), COD (8-118 mg/L), Total Coliform( 15-3600 MPN/100ml) and Fecal Coliform (4-240 MPN/100 ml). The results have been compared with the drinking water standard prescribed by Bureau of Indian Standard (BIS). All the physiochemical parameters are within the prescribed limit except turbidity, fecal & total coliform. The Sodium Adsorption Ratio (SAR) and salinity hazards are studied to classify the water for irrigation uses. It is found that lake water is suitable for irrigation purposes.
Evaluating water quality of ganga river within uttarAlexander Decker
This document summarizes a study that evaluated water quality in the Ganga River within the state of Uttar Pradesh in India. 13 monitoring stations were selected along the river to test various water quality parameters like BOD, TH, PO4, NO3, EC and pH. A water quality index was calculated using a C++ program based on WHO drinking water quality standards. The results found that concentrations of several parameters exceeded acceptable limits. Maintaining water quality in the Ganga is important as it supports the livelihoods of millions of people living in its basin.
Analytical study on effects of water quality parameters using remote sensing ...eSAT Publishing House
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Analytical study on effects of water quality parameters using remote sensing ...eSAT Journals
Abstract Rapid urbanization and industrialization has led to unchecked proliferation of hazardous industries in and around Hyderabad, unchecked and unregulated distribution and management of urban resources especially green areas, water bodies and the combination of above aspects with large scale urban sprawl have all made Hyderabad an unmanaged polluting city. One of the major problems 'Water Pollution' is referred to the addition to water an excess of material that is harmful to humans, animals, or desirable aquatic life, or otherwise causes significant departures from the normal activities of various living communities, in or near bodies of water. The term water pollution refers to any type of aquatic contamination between two extremes: A highly enriched over productive biotic community such as river or lake with nutrients from sewer or fertilizer. Water bodies poisoned by toxic chemicals, which eliminate living organizing, exclude all forms of life. Many steps are being taken to keep pollutants from reaching groundwater supplies. Manufacturers should use fewer toxic raw materials. Consumers have switched to phosphate-free detergents and other less polluting household products. Pollution control measures such as the Clean Water Act have also been a big part of the protection of drinking water supplies. Reutilization and Recycling of Waste: Various kinds of wastes like paper pulp, municipal and industrial effluents, sewage and thermal pollutants can be recycled to advantage. For example, urban waste could be recycled to generate cheaper fuel gas and electricity. Removal of Pollutants- The various physicochemical techniques used for removal of chemical biological or radiological pollutants have been adsorption, electro dialysis, ion exchange and reverse osmosis etc. Keywords: Water Bodies, Water Pollution, Water Quality.
An assessment of seasonal fluctuations in physicochemical variables in Lake Z...AI Publications
Seasonal changes in physicochemical characteristics were investigated in Zuzuwadi Lake and Ballur Lake in the Hosur District of Tamil Nadu, India. Throughout the year, mean air and water temperatures ranged from 27.0 to 32.0ºC. The dissolved oxygen concentrations at each station throughout the summer and winter seasons were in the range of 6.0 ± 0.113 (±1.89%) to 9.0 ± 1.118 (±1.57%) ppm and 12.0 ± 0.127 (±1.05%) to 13.5 ± 0.445 (±3.51%) ppm, correspondingly. The conductivity was between 300.0 ± 1.652 (±4.15%) to 329.0 ± 2.422 (±4.15%) µS/cm. The nitrate content of Lake Zuzuwadi ranges from 8.0 ± 0.113 (±1.62%) to 10.0 ± 1.132 (±12.57%) ppm, indicating that the water is oligotrophic and could destroy aquatic ecosystems. In Lake Zuzuwadi, the Biological Oxygen Demand and Chemical Oxygen Demand remained at 5.0 ± 0.113 (±1.62%) and 200.0 ± 12.652 (±4.15%) ppm, respectively, but in Lake Ballur, they were 9.0 ± 1.386 (±19.80%) and 200.0 ± 12.652 (±4.15%) ppm. Both stations had salinities of less than 200.0 ± 1.497 (±0.50%) ppm. Lake Zuzuwadi has been found to have algal blooms. According to the comparative Physico-chemical parameter interpretations, Lake Zuzuwadi is oligotrophic in nature, while Lake Ballur is slightly contaminated, containing a diverse array of aquatic creatures that rely on the lakes to exist. Zuzuwadi Lake had a WQI of 60.6 ± 0.999 (±1.65%), whereas Ballur Lake had a WQI of 70.4 ± 0.784 (±1.11%) indicating that the water quality is bad.
Groundwater Quality Assessment in hard rock terrain of Rasipuram Taluk, Namak...IJERA Editor
Groundwater is of most important to rural development in many countries of the world. Over exploitation of
groundwater has become a major challenge not only to the present civilization and also for the future
generations. The main focus of this study is to assess the suitability of groundwater quality for drinking and
irrigation purposes in vicinity of Rasipuram block in Tamil Nadu. Groundwater samples from 15 locations were
collected from different wells during January 2015 and analyzed for different physico-chemical parameters. The
usefulness of these parameters in predicting groundwater quality characteristics were discussed. The quality of
groundwater in the study area is fresh to brackish water, moderately hard to very hard in nature. The piper plot
shows that the most of the groundwater samples fall in the field of Na+-Cl- and mixed Ca++-Na+-Cl- type. Water
quality index rating was carried out to quantify overall groundwater quality status of the area. The WQI for these
samples ranges from 37.34 to 650. Hence majority of the water samples are poor to very poor in water quality.
The area in general is characterized by hard water, hence is not suitable for drinking purpose. The samples
plotted in the piper and USSL diagram were used to understand the chemical characteristic of groundwater for
irrigation purposes. However, the values of SAR, Na% and RSC indicate that groundwater is suitable for
irrigation purposes. Overall water quality of the study area was found satisfactory for drinking purpose except in
few locations and suitable for irrigation purpose. Hence the local government needs to initiate remedial
measures.
Groundwater Quality Assessment in hard rock terrain of Rasipuram Taluk, Namak...IJERA Editor
Groundwater is of most important to rural development in many countries of the world. Over exploitation of
groundwater has become a major challenge not only to the present civilization and also for the future
generations. The main focus of this study is to assess the suitability of groundwater quality for drinking and
irrigation purposes in vicinity of Rasipuram block in Tamil Nadu. Groundwater samples from 15 locations were
collected from different wells during January 2015 and analyzed for different physico-chemical parameters. The
usefulness of these parameters in predicting groundwater quality characteristics were discussed. The quality of
groundwater in the study area is fresh to brackish water, moderately hard to very hard in nature. The piper plot
shows that the most of the groundwater samples fall in the field of Na+
-Cland
mixed Ca++
-Na+
-Cltype.
Water
quality index rating was carried out to quantify overall groundwater quality status of the area. The WQI for these
samples ranges from 37.34 to 650. Hence majority of the water samples are poor to very poor in water quality.
The area in general is characterized by hard water, hence is not suitable for drinking purpose. The samples
plotted in the piper and USSL diagram were used to understand the chemical characteristic of groundwater for
irrigation purposes. However, the values of SAR, Na% and RSC indicate that groundwater is suitable for
irrigation purposes. Overall water quality of the study area was found satisfactory for drinking purpose except in
few locations and suitable for irrigation purpose. Hence the local government needs to initiate remedial
measures.
IRJET- Water Quality Analysis of Aghanashini Estuary,Karnataka –A Case StudyIRJET Journal
The document analyzes water quality parameters of the Aghanashini Estuary in Karnataka, India over two sampling periods. Water samples were collected from four stations in the estuary and analyzed for 10 physicochemical parameters including pH, electrical conductivity, turbidity, chlorides, nitrates, and hardness. The results show higher concentrations of chlorides, EC, TDS, nitrates and hardness in the pre-monsoon season compared to standards, likely due to increased intrusion of seawater during low river flow. The water quality indicates potential for irrigation use with treatment. Further analysis of conveying estuary water to nearby Bengaluru city for water supply is discussed.
IRJET- Water Quality Assessment of Nandini River (Nasardi), NashikIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a research study assessing the water quality of the Nandini River in Nashik, India. A group of students from the Department of Civil Engineering at MET's Bhujbal Knowledge City Institute of Technology collected water samples from various locations along the Nandini River and analyzed them to determine levels of various physical and chemical parameters. These parameters included pH, hardness, solids, alkalinity, conductivity, temperature, dissolved oxygen, chemical oxygen demand, turbidity and color. Analyzing these parameters at different locations would help identify where the river is becoming polluted along its journey. The results of this study could inform measures to prevent further pollution of the Nandini River and ultimately the Godavari River
Assessment of Quality of the Chambal River Using Combination with That of Kot...ijtsrd
The present study was conducted to understand the physico chemical characteristics of Chambal River, in National Chambal sanctuary in Madhya Pradesh. The Chambal River is located in west central India and flows through three Indian states Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan and Uttar Pradesh. The Chambal also forms part of the Rajasthan Madhya Pradesh boundary. The stretch of Chambal river contained in the National Chambal sanctuary located at 25 º 23 26 º 52N, 76 º 28 79 º 15E is extending up to 600 km downstream from Kota Rajasthan to the confluence of the Chambal with Yamuna river. On the basis of various parameters studied, Chambal River in this stretch can be placed under the category of Class C as per CPCB standards. The Chambal river water in the sanctuary area is pollution free and can serve as a good habitat for many aquatic flora and fauna including endangered species.The Chambal River originates from the summit of Janapav hill of the Vindhyan range at an altitude of 854 m above the msl at 220 27’ N and 750 37’ E in Mhow, district Indore, Madhya Pradesh. The river has a course of 965 km up to its confluence with the Yamuna River in the Etawah district of Uttar Pradesh. It is one of the last remnant rivers in the greater Ganges River system, which has retained significant conservation values. It harbours the largest gharial population of the world and high density of the Gangetic dolphin per river km. Apart from these, the major fauna of the River includes the mugger crocodile, smooth coated otter, seven species of freshwater turtles, and 78 species of wetland birds. The major terrestrial fauna of the adjacent areas are Indian wolf, golden jackal, caracal, jungle cat, desert cat, ratel, small Indian civet and neelgai. Unlike other rivers of greater Ganges drainage system the Chambal River is relatively unpolluted. Dr. Nitin Gupta | Dr. Rakesh Kumar Dubey | Dr. SM Nafees "Assessment of Quality of the Chambal River Using Combination with That of Kota District" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-3 , April 2022, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd49612.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/49612/assessment-of-quality-of-the-chambal-river-using-combination-with-that-of-kota-district/dr-nitin-gupta
Assessment of Physico Chemical Characteristics of Groundwater Quality of Ajme...ijtsrd
Studies of Physico chemical parameters of groundwater quality based on Physico chemical parameters of Ajmer city in Rajasthan have been taken up to evaluate its suitability for domestics purpose. 21 ground water samples were collected from different places of Ajmer city in Rajasthan. The quality analysis has been made through the pH, EC, TDS, Dissolved Oxygen, BOD, COD, Total Hardness, Sodium, Potassium, Calcium, Magnesium, Chloride, Sulphate, Nitrate, Fluoride and Alkalinity. A systematic calculation of the correlation coffecient has also been carried out between different analysed parameters. Comparative studies of samples in different seasons were conducted and it was found that Electrical Conductivity and Total Dissoved Solids TDS were decreased. Alkalinity and Total Hardness were increased after the rainfall. Ajmer is one of the major and oldest cities in the Indian state of Rajasthan and the centre of the eponymous Ajmer District. It is located at the centre of Rajasthan, and is home to the Ajmer Sharif shrine. The city was established as Ajayameru translated as Invincible Hills by a Chahamana ruler, either Ajayaraja I or Ajayaraja II, and served as their capital until the 12th century CE. Ajmer is in the northwest of India and is surrounded by the Aravali Mountains. It is situated on the lower slopes of the Taragarh Hill of that range. To the northwest is the Nagapathar Range of the Aravali Mountain Ranges which protects it from desertification from the Thar Desert. Kishan Gopal Jhanwar | Rajeev Mehta | Preeti Mehta "Assessment of Physico-Chemical Characteristics of Groundwater Quality of Ajmer City in Rajasthan" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-4 , June 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.compapers/ijtsrd43639.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.comchemistry/other/43639/assessment-of-physicochemical-characteristics-of-groundwater-quality-of-ajmer-city-in-rajasthan/kishan-gopal-jhanwar
This document summarizes a study assessing groundwater quality in rural areas near Vijayawada, India. The study analyzed physicochemical parameters like pH, turbidity, conductivity, alkalinity, hardness, nitrates and more from groundwater samples from four villages. Most parameters were within permissible limits, except for higher hardness levels. The highest conductivity, pH, chlorides, alkalinity were found in samples from Nidamanuru village, possibly due to agricultural and industrial pollution from nearby areas entering the groundwater. The study aims to evaluate groundwater quality for drinking and other uses in the region.
Analysis of Bhadra River Surface Water during Rainy Seasontheijes
Water samples were collected from Bhadra river along four different significant points and analyzed various temperature correlated parameters during the period rainy season 5th july, 2014 to 22nd august, 2014 using standard method. Water samples were collected from about10 cm depth with three replications from each station during low tides and high tides of the day. The study was conducted to know the present status of the water quality of the Bhadra river and the change of water quality parameters with the change of temperature. The study is significant due to huge practice of aquaculture at the adjacent area using the river water. The other significant feature is the connection of the river with sundarbans river system. This study involves the determination of some physical and chemical parameters which are mainly temperature correlated such as pH, transparency, salinity, electrical conductivity (EC), total alkalinity, total acidity, dissolved oxygen (DO) and dissolved free carbon dioxide of the surface water at four locations. The mean of parameters of different stations were temperature 290C; pH 7.68; transparency 10.88 cm, salinity 3.18 ppt, electrical conductivity (EC) 4.78 mS/cm, total alkalinity 103.91 mg/L, total acidity 8.4 mg/L, dissolve oxygen(DO) 5.1 mg/L, dissolve free carbon dioxide 3.89 mg/L. According to the results the parameters found less deviation from the standard water quality for aquatic habitat of river water
Study of Groundwater Arsenic in Terai Belt of Eastern Uttar Pradesh, Indiaijtsrd
The present study investigates the groundwater solute chemistry, hydrogeochemical behavior of arsenic As and the assessment of health risks through ingestion and dermal contact pathways to the adults and children of the Bahraich district, falling under the middle Gangetic plain, Ghaghara river sub basin, Terai region of India. A Monte Carlo simulation and a sensitivity analysis were also performed to quantify the uncertainties and impact of various input variables in risk calculations, respectively. Concentrations major ions Ca2 , Mg2 , Na , K , SO42 , PO43 NO3 , HCO3 , F and Cl , dissolved organic carbon DOC , and trace metals As, Fe, and Mn as well as physical parameters EC, pH, and Eh were measured on the collected groundwater and river water samples. The concentration of As in the groundwater samples was found in range between 0.64 µg L to 104 µg L and ~37 of the samples had As 10 µg L WHO and BIS acceptable limit of 10 µg L for drinking water . River water samples also displayed high As concentrations mean of 14 µg L with ~73 of samples having As 10 µg L, which could be attributed to infiltration from As enriched sallow groundwater of the nearby regions. The groundwater of the study area was predominantly of Ca2 Mg2 HCO3 type. Bivariate weathering plots showed groundwater was influenced by silicate weathering and carbonate dissolution, along with the ion exchange and reverse ion exchange processes, with a minor contribution from evaporate dissolution. Most of the groundwater samples n = 57 were anoxic and had low SO42 and NO3 , and high Mn, Fe and DOC concentrations. The observed values and correlations between various measured parameters, including groundwater As concentrations and saturation indices calculations, indicated the reductive dissolution of iron oxyhydroxide as the major process for As mobilization in the study area. The results of total non carcinogenic risk HI estimated by the deterministic and probabilistic techniques were nearly identical for both adults and children, but an overestimation was observed in the case of carcinogenic risk calculated by the deterministic approach. Health risk results also showed that children were more susceptible to non carcinogenic risk, whereas adults were at a higher risk of cancer in the study area. Sensitivity analysis indicated that the concentration of As in groundwater and exposure duration ED were the most effective variables for non carcinogenic HI and carcinogenic TILCR risk estimation in both adults and children. Anil K Dwivedi "Study of Groundwater Arsenic in Terai Belt of Eastern Uttar Pradesh, India" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-6 , October 2022, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd51840.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/biological-science/botany/51840/study-of-groundwater-arsenic-in-terai-belt-of-eastern-uttar-pradesh-india/anil-k-dwivedi
Kn sw study of river water samples at various sites in southern karnatakahydrologyproject0
The document summarizes a study conducted by the Karnataka Engineering Research Station to assess water quality in rivers in southern Karnataka, including the Cauvery River and its tributaries. Fourteen monitoring stations were selected along 11 rivers. Water samples were collected monthly from 2009 to 2011 and analyzed for 27 parameters. The parameters were within desirable limits according to drinking water and irrigation standards, except for higher coliform counts. Water quality was suitable for Class C uses such as irrigation. The study aims to monitor long-term quality trends and classify stations for future monitoring.
IRJET- Water Quality Assesment of Kotithirta –A Holy Temple Lake of Gokar...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study assessing the water quality of Kotithirta Lake in Gokarna, Karnataka, India. Water samples were collected from 5 sites around the lake in January 2018 and analyzed for various physicochemical parameters. The results found the lake water to be classified as Class E according to CPCB standards, indicating it is unsuitable for drinking without treatment. High turbidity, dissolved solids, BOD, and coliform bacteria levels suggested the water is polluted from human activities like bathing, washing, and waste disposal near the lake from the surrounding population. Proper management is needed to improve the water quality of this sacred lake.
ASSESSMENT OF GROUND WATER QUALITY USING WATER QUALITY INDEX WITHIN 4KM RADIU...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study that assessed the impact of effluent from a sugar distillery plant on groundwater quality within a 4km radius of the plant in Barbanki District, India. Water samples were collected from groundwater sources and analyzed for physicochemical parameters. A water quality index was calculated to evaluate suitability of the groundwater for drinking purposes. The results showed degradation of groundwater quality due to contamination from the sugar industry effluent. Many parameters exceeded acceptable limits for drinking water. Therefore, the groundwater in the area requires treatment before consumption.
The Ganges River is one of India's most polluted rivers due to waste from cities, industries, agriculture, and religious practices being dumped into it. This pollution threatens many species and causes waterborne diseases in humans. The Namami Gange program aims to clean the Ganga through sewage treatment plants, industrial monitoring, afforestation, and more, but significant pollution from cities like Kanpur, Varanasi, and Allahabad continues to endanger both aquatic life and humans who rely on the river.
The Ganges River is a holy and historically significant river that flows through India and Bangladesh. It rises in the Himalayas and flows south and east before emptying into the Bay of Bengal. Pollution from human and industrial waste as well as religious practices have severely impacted the river's water quality, posing health risks. Efforts under the Ganga Action Plan to clean up the river have largely failed due to lack of environmental planning and support.
Similar to Irrigation Water Quality Assessment of River Ganga in Haridwar with Adjoining Areas (20)
‘Six Sigma Technique’ A Journey Through its Implementationijtsrd
The manufacturing industries all over the world are facing tough challenges for growth, development and sustainability in today’s competitive environment. They have to achieve apex position by adapting with the global competitive environment by delivering goods and services at low cost, prime quality and better price to increase wealth and consumer satisfaction. Cost Management ensures profit, growth and sustainability of the business with implementation of Continuous Improvement Technique like Six Sigma. This leads to optimize Business performance. The method drives for customer satisfaction, low variation, reduction in waste and cycle time resulting into a competitive advantage over other industries which did not implement it. The main objective of this paper ‘Six Sigma Technique A Journey Through Its Implementation’ is to conceptualize the effectiveness of Six Sigma Technique through the journey of its implementation. Aditi Sunilkumar Ghosalkar "‘Six Sigma Technique’: A Journey Through its Implementation" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64546.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/64546/‘six-sigma-technique’-a-journey-through-its-implementation/aditi-sunilkumar-ghosalkar
Edge Computing in Space Enhancing Data Processing and Communication for Space...ijtsrd
Edge computing, a paradigm that involves processing data closer to its source, has gained significant attention for its potential to revolutionize data processing and communication in space missions. With the increasing complexity and data volume generated by modern space missions, traditional centralized computing approaches face challenges related to latency, bandwidth, and security. Edge computing in space, involving on board processing and analysis of data, offers promising solutions to these challenges. This paper explores the concept of edge computing in space, its benefits, applications, and future prospects in enhancing space missions. Manish Verma "Edge Computing in Space: Enhancing Data Processing and Communication for Space Missions" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64541.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/computer-science/artificial-intelligence/64541/edge-computing-in-space-enhancing-data-processing-and-communication-for-space-missions/manish-verma
Dynamics of Communal Politics in 21st Century India Challenges and Prospectsijtsrd
Communal politics in India has evolved through centuries, weaving a complex tapestry shaped by historical legacies, colonial influences, and contemporary socio political transformations. This research comprehensively examines the dynamics of communal politics in 21st century India, emphasizing its historical roots, socio political dynamics, economic implications, challenges, and prospects for mitigation. The historical perspective unravels the intricate interplay of religious identities and power dynamics from ancient civilizations to the impact of colonial rule, providing insights into the evolution of communalism. The socio political dynamics section delves into the contemporary manifestations, exploring the roles of identity politics, socio economic disparities, and globalization. The economic implications section highlights how communal politics intersects with economic issues, perpetuating disparities and influencing resource allocation. Challenges posed by communal politics are scrutinized, revealing multifaceted issues ranging from social fragmentation to threats against democratic values. The prospects for mitigation present a multifaceted approach, incorporating policy interventions, community engagement, and educational initiatives. The paper conducts a comparative analysis with international examples, identifying common patterns such as identity politics and economic disparities. It also examines unique challenges, emphasizing Indias diverse religious landscape, historical legacy, and secular framework. Lessons for effective strategies are drawn from international experiences, offering insights into inclusive policies, interfaith dialogue, media regulation, and global cooperation. By scrutinizing historical epochs, contemporary dynamics, economic implications, and international comparisons, this research provides a comprehensive understanding of communal politics in India. The proposed strategies for mitigation underscore the importance of a holistic approach to foster social harmony, inclusivity, and democratic values. Rose Hossain "Dynamics of Communal Politics in 21st Century India: Challenges and Prospects" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64528.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/history/64528/dynamics-of-communal-politics-in-21st-century-india-challenges-and-prospects/rose-hossain
Assess Perspective and Knowledge of Healthcare Providers Towards Elehealth in...ijtsrd
Background and Objective Telehealth has become a well known tool for the delivery of health care in Saudi Arabia, and the perspective and knowledge of healthcare providers are influential in the implementation, adoption and advancement of the method. This systematic review was conducted to examine the current literature base regarding telehealth and the related healthcare professional perspective and knowledge in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Materials and Methods This systematic review was conducted by searching 7 databases including, MEDLINE, CINHAL, Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, PsycINFO, and ProQuest Central. Studies on healthcare practitioners telehealth knowledge and perspectives published in English in Saudi Arabia from 2000 to 2023 were included. Boland directed this comprehensive review. The researchers examined each connected study using the AXIS tool, which evaluates cross sectional systematic reviews. Narrative synthesis was used to summarise and convey the data. Results Out of 1840 search results, 10 studies were included. Positive outlook and limited knowledge among providers were seen across trials. Healthcare professionals like telehealth for its ability to improve quality, access, and delivery, save time and money, and be successful. Age, gender, occupation, and work experience also affect health workers knowledge. In Saudi Arabia, healthcare professionals face inadequate expert assistance, patient privacy, internet connection concerns, lack of training courses, lack of telehealth understanding, and high costs while performing telemedicine. Conclusions Healthcare practitioners telehealth perceptions and knowledge were examined in this systematic study. Its collection of concerned experts different personal attitudes and expertise would help enhance telehealths implementation in Saudi Arabia, develop its healthcare delivery alternative, and eliminate frequent problems. Badriah Mousa I Mulayhi | Dr. Jomin George | Judy Jenkins "Assess Perspective and Knowledge of Healthcare Providers Towards Elehealth in Saudi Arabia: A Systematic Review" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64535.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/other/64535/assess-perspective-and-knowledge-of-healthcare-providers-towards-elehealth-in-saudi-arabia-a-systematic-review/badriah-mousa-i-mulayhi
The Impact of Digital Media on the Decentralization of Power and the Erosion ...ijtsrd
The impact of digital media on the distribution of power and the weakening of traditional gatekeepers has gained considerable attention in recent years. The adoption of digital technologies and the internet has resulted in declining influence and power for traditional gatekeepers such as publishing houses and news organizations. Simultaneously, digital media has facilitated the emergence of new voices and players in the media industry. Digital medias impact on power decentralization and gatekeeper erosion is visible in several ways. One significant aspect is the democratization of information, which enables anyone with an internet connection to publish and share content globally, leading to citizen journalism and bypassing traditional gatekeepers. Another aspect is the disruption of conventional media industry business models, as traditional organizations struggle to adjust to the decrease in advertising revenue and the rise of digital platforms. Alternative business models, such as subscription models and crowdfunding, have become more prevalent, leading to the emergence of new players. Overall, the impact of digital media on the distribution of power and the weakening of traditional gatekeepers has brought about significant changes in the media landscape and the way information is shared. Further research is required to fully comprehend the implications of these changes and their impact on society. Dr. Kusum Lata "The Impact of Digital Media on the Decentralization of Power and the Erosion of Traditional Gatekeepers" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64544.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/political-science/64544/the-impact-of-digital-media-on-the-decentralization-of-power-and-the-erosion-of-traditional-gatekeepers/dr-kusum-lata
Online Voices, Offline Impact Ambedkars Ideals and Socio Political Inclusion ...ijtsrd
This research investigates the nexus between online discussions on Dr. B.R. Ambedkars ideals and their impact on social inclusion among college students in Gurugram, Haryana. Surveying 240 students from 12 government colleges, findings indicate that 65 actively engage in online discussions, with 80 demonstrating moderate to high awareness of Ambedkars ideals. Statistically significant correlations reveal that higher online engagement correlates with increased awareness p 0.05 and perceived social inclusion. Variations across colleges and a notable effect of college type on perceived social inclusion highlight the influence of contextual factors. Furthermore, the intersectional analysis underscores nuanced differences based on gender, caste, and socio economic status. Dr. Kusum Lata "Online Voices, Offline Impact: Ambedkar's Ideals and Socio-Political Inclusion - A Study of Gurugram District" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64543.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/political-science/64543/online-voices-offline-impact-ambedkars-ideals-and-sociopolitical-inclusion--a-study-of-gurugram-district/dr-kusum-lata
Problems and Challenges of Agro Entreprenurship A Studyijtsrd
Noting calls for contextualizing Agro entrepreneurs problems and challenges of the agro entrepreneurs and for greater attention to the Role of entrepreneurs in agro entrepreneurship research, we conduct a systematic literature review of extent research in agriculture entrepreneurship to overcome the study objectives of complications of agro entrepreneurs through various factors, Development of agriculture products is a key factor for the overall economic growth of agro entrepreneurs Agro Entrepreneurs produces firsthand large scale employment, utilizes the labor and natural resources, This research outlines the problems of Weather and Soil Erosions, Market price fluctuation, stimulates labor cost problems, reduces concentration of Price volatility, Dependency on Intermediaries, induces Limited Bargaining Power, and Storage and Transportation Costs. This paper mainly devoted to highlight Problems and challenges faced for the sustainable of Agro Entrepreneurs in India. Vinay Prasad B "Problems and Challenges of Agro Entreprenurship - A Study" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64540.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/64540/problems-and-challenges-of-agro-entreprenurship--a-study/vinay-prasad-b
Comparative Analysis of Total Corporate Disclosure of Selected IT Companies o...ijtsrd
Disclosure is a process through which a business enterprise communicates with external parties. A corporate disclosure is communication of financial and non financial information of the activities of a business enterprise to the interested entities. Corporate disclosure is done through publishing annual reports. So corporate disclosure through annual reports plays a vital role in the life of all the companies and provides valuable information to investors. The basic objectives of corporate disclosure is to give a true and fair view of companies to the parties related either directly or indirectly like owner, government, creditors, shareholders etc. in the companies act, provisions have been made about mandatory and voluntary disclosure. The IT sector in India is rapidly growing, the trend to invest in the IT sector is rising and employment opportunities in IT sectors are also increasing. Therefore the IT sector is expected to have fair, full and adequate disclosure of all information. Unfair and incomplete disclosure may adversely affect the entire economy. A research study on disclosure practices of IT companies could play an important role in this regard. Hence, the present research study has been done to study and review comparative analysis of total corporate disclosure of selected IT companies of India and to put forward overall findings and suggestions with a view to increase disclosure score of these companies. The researcher hopes that the present research study will be helpful to all selected Companies for improving level of corporate disclosure through annual reports as well as the government, creditors, investors, all business organizations and upcoming researcher for comparative analyses of level of corporate disclosure with special reference to selected IT companies. Dr. Vaibhavi D. Thaker "Comparative Analysis of Total Corporate Disclosure of Selected IT Companies of India" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64539.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/64539/comparative-analysis-of-total-corporate-disclosure-of-selected-it-companies-of-india/dr-vaibhavi-d-thaker
The Impact of Educational Background and Professional Training on Human Right...ijtsrd
This study investigated the impact of educational background and professional training on human rights awareness among secondary school teachers in the Marathwada region of Maharashtra, India. The key findings reveal that higher levels of education, particularly a master’s degree, and fields of study related to education, humanities, or social sciences are associated with greater human rights awareness among teachers. Additionally, both pre service teacher training and in service professional development programs focused on human rights education significantly enhance teacher’s knowledge, skills, and competencies in promoting human rights principles in their classrooms. Baig Ameer Bee Mirza Abdul Aziz | Dr. Syed Azaz Ali Amjad Ali "The Impact of Educational Background and Professional Training on Human Rights Awareness among Secondary School Teachers" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64529.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/64529/the-impact-of-educational-background-and-professional-training-on-human-rights-awareness-among-secondary-school-teachers/baig-ameer-bee-mirza-abdul-aziz
A Study on the Effective Teaching Learning Process in English Curriculum at t...ijtsrd
“One Language sets you in a corridor for life. Two languages open every door along the way” Frank Smith English as a foreign language or as a second language has been ruling in India since the period of Lord Macaulay. But the question is how much we teach or learn English properly in our culture. Is there any scope to use English as a language rather than a subject How much we learn or teach English without any interference of mother language specially in the classroom teaching learning scenario in West Bengal By considering all these issues the researcher has attempted in this article to focus on the effective teaching learning process comparing to other traditional strategies in the field of English curriculum at the secondary level to investigate whether they fulfill the present teaching learning requirements or not by examining the validity of the present curriculum of English. The purpose of this study is to focus on the effectiveness of the systematic, scientific, sequential and logical transaction of the course between the teachers and the learners in the perspective of the 5Es programme that is engage, explore, explain, extend and evaluate. Sanchali Mondal | Santinath Sarkar "A Study on the Effective Teaching Learning Process in English Curriculum at the Secondary Level of West Bengal" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd62412.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/62412/a-study-on-the-effective-teaching-learning-process-in-english-curriculum-at-the-secondary-level-of-west-bengal/sanchali-mondal
The Role of Mentoring and Its Influence on the Effectiveness of the Teaching ...ijtsrd
This paper reports on a study which was conducted to investigate the role of mentoring and its influence on the effectiveness of the teaching of Physics in secondary schools in the South West Region of Cameroon. The study adopted the convergent parallel mixed methods design, focusing on respondents in secondary schools in the South West Region of Cameroon. Both quantitative and qualitative data were collected, analysed separately, and the results were compared to see if the findings confirm or disconfirm each other. The quantitative analysis found that majority of the respondents 72 of Physics teachers affirmed that they had more experienced colleagues as mentors to help build their confidence, improve their teaching, and help them improve their effectiveness and efficiency in guiding learners’ achievements. Only 28 of the respondents disagreed with these statements. With majority respondents 72 agreeing with the statements, it implies that in most secondary schools, experienced Physics teachers act as mentors to build teachers’ confidence in teaching and improving students’ learning. The interview qualitative data analysis summarized how secondary school Principals use meetings with mentors and mentees to promote mentorship in the school milieu. This has helped strengthen teachers’ classroom practices in secondary schools in the South West Region of Cameroon. With the results confirming each other, the study recommends that mentoring should focus on helping teachers employ social interactions and instructional practices feedback and clarity in teaching that have direct measurable impact on students’ learning achievements. Andrew Ngeim Sumba | Frederick Ebot Ashu | Peter Agborbechem Tambi "The Role of Mentoring and Its Influence on the Effectiveness of the Teaching of Physics in Secondary Schools in the South West Region of Cameroon" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64524.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/management-development/64524/the-role-of-mentoring-and-its-influence-on-the-effectiveness-of-the-teaching-of-physics-in-secondary-schools-in-the-south-west-region-of-cameroon/andrew-ngeim-sumba
Design Simulation and Hardware Construction of an Arduino Microcontroller Bas...ijtsrd
This study primarily focuses on the design of a high side buck converter using an Arduino microcontroller. The converter is specifically intended for use in DC DC applications, particularly in standalone solar PV systems where the PV output voltage exceeds the load or battery voltage. To evaluate the performance of the converter, simulation experiments are conducted using Proteus Software. These simulations provide insights into the input and output voltages, currents, powers, and efficiency under different state of charge SoC conditions of a 12V,70Ah rechargeable lead acid battery. Additionally, the hardware design of the converter is implemented, and practical data is collected through operation, monitoring, and recording. By comparing the simulation results with the practical results, the efficiency and performance of the designed converter are assessed. The findings indicate that while the buck converter is suitable for practical use in standalone PV systems, its efficiency is compromised due to a lower output current. Chan Myae Aung | Dr. Ei Mon "Design Simulation and Hardware Construction of an Arduino-Microcontroller Based DC-DC High-Side Buck Converter for Standalone PV System" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64518.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/mechanical-engineering/64518/design-simulation-and-hardware-construction-of-an-arduinomicrocontroller-based-dcdc-highside-buck-converter-for-standalone-pv-system/chan-myae-aung
Sustainable Energy by Paul A. Adekunte | Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Janet O. Sadikuijtsrd
Energy becomes sustainable if it meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. Some of the definitions of sustainable energy include the considerations of environmental aspects such as greenhouse gas emissions, social, and economic aspects such as energy poverty. Generally far more sustainable than fossil fuel are renewable energy sources such as wind, hydroelectric power, solar, and geothermal energy sources. Worthy of note is that some renewable energy projects, like the clearing of forests to produce biofuels, can cause severe environmental damage. The sustainability of nuclear power which is a low carbon source is highly debated because of concerns about radioactive waste, nuclear proliferation, and accidents. The switching from coal to natural gas has environmental benefits, including a lower climate impact, but could lead to delay in switching to more sustainable options. “Carbon capture and storage” can be built into power plants to remove the carbon dioxide CO2 emissions, but this technology is expensive and has rarely been implemented. Leading non renewable energy sources around the world is fossil fuels, coal, petroleum, and natural gas. Nuclear energy is usually considered another non renewable energy source, although nuclear energy itself is a renewable energy source, but the material used in nuclear power plants is not. The paper addresses the issue of sustainable energy, its attendant benefits to the future generation, and humanity in general. Paul A. Adekunte | Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Janet O. Sadiku "Sustainable Energy" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64534.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/64534/sustainable-energy/paul-a-adekunte
Concepts for Sudan Survey Act Implementations Executive Regulations and Stand...ijtsrd
This paper aims to outline the executive regulations, survey standards, and specifications required for the implementation of the Sudan Survey Act, and for regulating and organizing all surveying work activities in Sudan. The act has been discussed for more than 5 years. The Land Survey Act was initiated by the Sudan Survey Authority and all official legislations were headed by the Sudan Ministry of Justice till it was issued in 2022. The paper presents conceptual guidelines to be used for the Survey Act implementation and to regulate the survey work practice, standardizing the field surveys, processing, quality control, procedures, and the processes related to survey work carried out by the stakeholders and relevant authorities in Sudan. The conceptual guidelines are meant to improve the quality and harmonization of geospatial data and to aid decision making processes as well as geospatial information systems. The established comprehensive executive regulations will govern and regulate the implementation of the Sudan Survey Geomatics Act in all surveying and mapping practices undertaken by the Sudan Survey Authority SSA and state local survey departments for public or private sector organizations. The targeted standards and specifications include the reference frame, projection, coordinate systems, and the guidelines and specifications that must be followed in the field of survey work, processes, and mapping products. In the last few decades, there has been a growing awareness of the importance of geomatics activities and measurements on the Earths surface in space and time, together with observing and mapping the changes. In such cases, data must be captured promptly, standardized, and obtained with more accuracy and specified in much detail. The paper will also highlight the current situation in Sudan, the degree to which survey standards are used, the problems encountered, and the errors that arise from not using the standards and survey specifications. Kamal A. A. Sami "Concepts for Sudan Survey Act Implementations - Executive Regulations and Standards" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63484.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/63484/concepts-for-sudan-survey-act-implementations--executive-regulations-and-standards/kamal-a-a-sami
Towards the Implementation of the Sudan Interpolated Geoid Model Khartoum Sta...ijtsrd
The discussions between ellipsoid and geoid have invoked many researchers during the recent decades, especially during the GNSS technology era, which had witnessed a great deal of development but still geoid undulation requires more investigations. To figure out a solution for Sudans local geoid, this research has tried to intake the possibility of determining the geoid model by following two approaches, gravimetric and geometrical geoid model determination, by making use of GNSS leveling benchmarks at Khartoum state. The Benchmarks are well distributed in the study area, in which, the horizontal coordinates and the height above the ellipsoid have been observed by GNSS while orthometric heights were carried out using precise leveling. The Global Geopotential Model GGM represented in EGM2008 has been exploited to figure out the geoid undulation at the benchmarks in the study area. This is followed by a fitting process, that has been done to suit the geoid undulation data which has been computed using GNSS leveling data and geoid undulation inspired by the EGM2008. Two geoid surfaces were created after the fitting process to ensure that they are identical and both of them could be counted for getting the same geoid undulation with an acceptable accuracy. In this respect, statistical operation played an important role in ensuring the consistency and integrity of the model by applying cross validation techniques splitting the data into training and testing datasets for building the geoid model and testing its eligibility. The geometrical solution for geoid undulation computation has been utilized by applying straightforward equations that facilitate the calculation of the geoid undulation directly through applying statistical techniques for the GNSS leveling data of the study area to get the common equation parameters values that could be utilized to calculate geoid undulation of any position in the study area within the claimed accuracy. Both systems were checked and proved eligible to be used within the study area with acceptable accuracy which may contribute to solving the geoid undulation problem in the Khartoum area, and be further generalized to determine the geoid model over the entire country, and this could be considered in the future, for regional and continental geoid model. Ahmed M. A. Mohammed. | Kamal A. A. Sami "Towards the Implementation of the Sudan Interpolated Geoid Model (Khartoum State Case Study)" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63483.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/63483/towards-the-implementation-of-the-sudan-interpolated-geoid-model-khartoum-state-case-study/ahmed-m-a-mohammed
Activating Geospatial Information for Sudans Sustainable Investment Mapijtsrd
Sudan is witnessing an acceleration in the processes of development and transformation in the performance of government institutions to raise the productivity and investment efficiency of the government sector. The development plans and investment opportunities have focused on achieving national goals in various sectors. This paper aims to illuminate the path to the future and provide geospatial data and information to develop the investment climate and environment for all sized businesses, and to bridge the development gap between the Sudan states. The Sudan Survey Authority SSA is the main advisor to the Sudan Government in conducting surveying, mappings, designing, and developing systems related to geospatial data and information. In recent years, SSA made a strategic partnership with the Ministry of Investment to activate Geospatial Information for Sudans Sustainable Investment and in particular, for the preparation and implementation of the Sudan investment map, based on the directives and objectives of the Ministry of Investment MI in Sudan. This paper comes within the framework of activating the efforts of the Ministry of Investment to develop technical investment services by applying techniques adopted by the Ministry and its strategic partners for advancing investment processes in the country. Kamal A. A. Sami "Activating Geospatial Information for Sudan's Sustainable Investment Map" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63482.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/information-technology/63482/activating-geospatial-information-for-sudans-sustainable-investment-map/kamal-a-a-sami
Educational Unity Embracing Diversity for a Stronger Societyijtsrd
In a rapidly changing global landscape, the importance of education as a unifying force cannot be overstated. This paper explores the crucial role of educational unity in fostering a stronger and more inclusive society through the embrace of diversity. By examining the benefits of diverse learning environments, the paper aims to highlight the positive impact on societal strength. The discussion encompasses various dimensions, from curriculum design to classroom dynamics, and emphasizes the need for educational institutions to become catalysts for unity in diversity. It highlights the need for a paradigm shift in educational policies, curricula, and pedagogical approaches to ensure that they are reflective of the diverse fabric of society. This paper also addresses the challenges associated with implementing inclusive educational practices and offers practical strategies for overcoming barriers. It advocates for collaborative efforts between educational institutions, policymakers, and communities to create a supportive ecosystem that promotes diversity and unity. Mr. Amit Adhikari | Madhumita Teli | Gopal Adhikari "Educational Unity: Embracing Diversity for a Stronger Society" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64525.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/64525/educational-unity-embracing-diversity-for-a-stronger-society/mr-amit-adhikari
Integration of Indian Indigenous Knowledge System in Management Prospects and...ijtsrd
The diversity of indigenous knowledge systems in India is vast and can vary significantly between different communities and regions. Preserving and respecting these knowledge systems is crucial for maintaining cultural heritage, promoting sustainable practices, and fostering cross cultural understanding. In this paper, an overview of the prospects and challenges associated with incorporating Indian indigenous knowledge into management is explored. It is found that IIKS helps in management in many areas like sustainable development, tourism, food security, natural resource management, cultural preservation and innovation, etc. However, IIKS integration with management faces some challenges in the form of a lack of documentation, cultural sensitivity, language barriers legal framework, etc. Savita Lathwal "Integration of Indian Indigenous Knowledge System in Management: Prospects and Challenges" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63500.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/accounting-and-finance/63500/integration-of-indian-indigenous-knowledge-system-in-management-prospects-and-challenges/savita-lathwal
DeepMask Transforming Face Mask Identification for Better Pandemic Control in...ijtsrd
The COVID 19 pandemic has highlighted the crucial need of preventive measures, with widespread use of face masks being a key method for slowing the viruss spread. This research investigates face mask identification using deep learning as a technological solution to be reducing the risk of coronavirus transmission. The proposed method uses state of the art convolutional neural networks CNNs and transfer learning to automatically recognize persons who are not wearing masks in a variety of circumstances. We discuss how this strategy improves public health and safety by providing an efficient manner of enforcing mask wearing standards. The report also discusses the obstacles, ethical concerns, and prospective applications of face mask detection systems in the ongoing fight against the pandemic. Dilip Kumar Sharma | Aaditya Yadav "DeepMask: Transforming Face Mask Identification for Better Pandemic Control in the COVID-19 Era" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64522.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electronics-and-communication-engineering/64522/deepmask-transforming-face-mask-identification-for-better-pandemic-control-in-the-covid19-era/dilip-kumar-sharma
Streamlining Data Collection eCRF Design and Machine Learningijtsrd
Efficient and accurate data collection is paramount in clinical trials, and the design of Electronic Case Report Forms eCRFs plays a pivotal role in streamlining this process. This paper explores the integration of machine learning techniques in the design and implementation of eCRFs to enhance data collection efficiency. We delve into the synergies between eCRF design principles and machine learning algorithms, aiming to optimize data quality, reduce errors, and expedite the overall data collection process. The application of machine learning in eCRF design brings forth innovative approaches to data validation, anomaly detection, and real time adaptability. This paper discusses the benefits, challenges, and future prospects of leveraging machine learning in eCRF design for streamlined and advanced data collection in clinical trials. Dhanalakshmi D | Vijaya Lakshmi Kannareddy "Streamlining Data Collection: eCRF Design and Machine Learning" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63515.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/biological-science/biotechnology/63515/streamlining-data-collection-ecrf-design-and-machine-learning/dhanalakshmi-d
How to Add Chatter in the odoo 17 ERP ModuleCeline George
In Odoo, the chatter is like a chat tool that helps you work together on records. You can leave notes and track things, making it easier to talk with your team and partners. Inside chatter, all communication history, activity, and changes will be displayed.
Strategies for Effective Upskilling is a presentation by Chinwendu Peace in a Your Skill Boost Masterclass organisation by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan on 08th and 09th June 2024 from 1 PM to 3 PM on each day.
How to Make a Field Mandatory in Odoo 17Celine George
In Odoo, making a field required can be done through both Python code and XML views. When you set the required attribute to True in Python code, it makes the field required across all views where it's used. Conversely, when you set the required attribute in XML views, it makes the field required only in the context of that particular view.
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty, In...Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
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This presentation includes basic of PCOS their pathology and treatment and also Ayurveda correlation of PCOS and Ayurvedic line of treatment mentioned in classics.
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Walmart Business+ and Spark Good for Nonprofits.pdfTechSoup
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Answers about how you can do more with Walmart!"
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@ IJTSRD | Unique Paper ID – IJTSRD49644 | Volume – 6 | Issue – 3 | Mar-Apr 2022 Page 884
great ritual importance among pilgrims and tourists at
Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India. The Canal is being
polluted due to mass bathing, washing, disposal of
sewage, industrial waste and these human activities
are deteriorating its water quality. To determine the
impact of these activities, Ganga Canal water quality
at three major sites at Bhimgoda Barrage and
Roorkee, Haridwar has been analyzed for various
physico-chemical pollutants and compared with water
quality standards for improved understanding.[1,2]
Site 1—The site is situated near Kaudiyala, located at
30°4′25.15″ N to 78°30′5.39″ E. It is the victim of
human disturbances to some extent, and receives
waste from cattle washing, vehicle washing, idol
immersion, cremation, and nirmalya immersion, and
is also used for fishing activities and boating in this
area.
Site 2—The site Shivpuri is located at 30°8′7.78″ N
to 78°23′27.27″ E, representing a lotic that is less
disturbed by various anthropogenic activities,
although tourist activities in the area are increasing
day by day. The site receives waste from sewage,
clothes washing, vehicle cleaning, idol immersion,
animal washing, fishing and several other activities to
a minimal extent.
Site 3—The site Rishikesh is situated at 30°4′59.57″
N and 78°17′26.54″ E. Many human disturbances to
the river water can be seen there due to Rishikesh
being a holy place, and people from all over the
country and from abroad come here for religious
purposes. Overpopulation and contact with the
Ganges are the main reasons for river water pollution
here.
Site 4—The site Haridwar is an ancient city and an
important Hindu pilgrimage site in Uttarakhand state,
where the river Ganges exits the Himalayan foothills.
The largest of several sacred ghats (bathing steps),
har Ki Pauri hosts a nightly Ganges Aarti (river-
worshipping ceremony), in which tiny flickering
lamps are floated off the steps. Worshipers fill the
city during major festivals like the annual Kanwar
Mela. During this time, pollutants in the water can be
observed due to their natural quality and color.
Site 5—The site Bhogpur village is located
downstream about 20 km towards South Haridwar
district. Agriculture and animal husbandry are the
main professions of the residents of this village, who
completely depend on river water. Different
agricultural processing, irrigation, deforestation, etc.,
processes are the largest human interventions on the
water of the Ganges at this site, resulting in more
contamination compared to other sites.[3,4]
Discussion
The analyzed water parameters were Temperature,
pH, DO, COD, BOD, CaCO3
−
, CaCO3, Turbidity,
EC, TDS, Ca2+
, Mg2+
, Na+
, K+
, Cl−
, F−
, and Fe2+
. We
analyzed pH, DO, Temperature and Turbidity at the
sample collection spot. The samples were collected in
a sterilized PVC bottle and stored in an icebox to
reduce the occurrence of changes in the water
characteristics. Water temperature is a very important
parameter, because it influences the biota in a water
body by affecting activities such as behavior,
respiration, and metabolism. The temperature values
rangeed from 15.85 to 16.04 °C. It was observed that
the temperature was higher during the summer,
followed by rainy and winter seasons. pH measures
the nature of water in terms of whether it is basic (>7)
or acidic (<7). In the present study, the highest and
lowest pH were observed to be 8.45 and 7.05 at
sample sites 5 and 1, respectively. High water pH in
the summer may be attributed to the use of free
carbon dioxide in algal photosynthesis, resulting in
high algal populations. Dissolved oxygen plays a
significant role in supporting aquatic life and
evaluating the freshness of water. The highest DO
was found at site 4, and the lowest at site 3, i.e., 10.28
and 9.11 mg/L, respectively. A suitable amount of
DO is required in water for aquatic life like fish and
other organisms, and to maintain the diversity of all
forms of life, but excess amounts indicate a
degradation in the quality of water.[5,6]
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River Ganga in Haridwar
BOD is the amount of oxygen required during the metabolization of organic matter, which is essential to aquatic
ecosystems. The water at the sampled sites on the Ganges had a maximum alkalinity of 219.42 mg/L during the
course of this study, decreasing gradually moving towards the upper course. The hardness of the water was
found to have a maximum value of 309.8 mg/L and a minimum value of 110.12 mg/L, at sample sites 5 and 1,
respectively. The Ganges water contained a maximum chemical oxygen demand of 8.86 mg/L, followed by a
gradual decrease to a minimum value of 6.11 mg/L. Some parameters, like total alkalinity (CaCO3
−
), total
hardness (CaCO3), and turbidity were found to be above the desirable limits; this is because of increasing human
intervention resulting from floating population, domestic sewage, the addition of nutrients, agricultural runoff,
and organic matter in water. The EC of water is a direct indication of its total dissolved salts, and is used for
measuring the total concentration of soluble salts in water. Our testing results showed that at the sampling sites,
the concentration of EC was always below the desirable limit.[7,8] Although high degrees of anthropogenic
activities such waste disposal, sewage, and agricultural runoff are present at sites 3, 4, and 5, EC was found to
have a good content, which may be due to water flowing towards the lower course, because EC fluctuates due to
water flow. Total dissolved solids (TDS) primarily consist of inorganic salts like chlorides, sulphates,
bicarbonates, carbonates, magnesium, sodium, potassium, phosphates, and nitrates of calcium, iron, etc. The
values of TDS, in increasing order, were 227.08, 221.68, 344.83, 525.31, and 598.65 mg/L at sample sites 1, 2,
3, 4, and 5, respectively. The value of TDS at all sites was below the BIS desirable limit of l000 mg/L. the
concentrations of calcium (Ca2+
), sodium (Na+
) and potassium (K+
) were also found to be below the desirable
limit as recommended by the BIS standard. However, the values of magnesium (Mg2+
), chlorides (Cl−
), fluoride
(as F−
), and ferrous iron (Fe2+
) were found to be above the desirable limit at some sites, such as 4 and 5. These
parameters were found in higher proportions in these locations because of the increased pollution load due to
sewage and agricultural runoff in the river water.[9,10]
Details of site-wise physicochemical parameters and their QWI (mean ± sd) during the observation.
Parameters Units Site 1 Site 2 Site 3 Site 4 Site 5 Min. Max.
Temperature °C
15.85 ±
2.36
16.56 ±
3.21
15.92 ± 1.25 16.85 ± 3.54 16.04 ± 2.54 14.25 17.46
pH 7.05 ± 0.25 7.31 ± 0.32 7.38 ± 0.51 8.31 ± 0.65 8.45 ± 0.45 7.3 8.3
Dissolved Oxygen
(DO)
mg/L 9.12 ± 1.25 9.44 ± 1.74 9.11 ± 0.95 10.28 ± 1.24 10.09 ± 1.02 7.51 11.54
COD mg/L 7.23 ± 1.31 6.11 ± 1.27 8.5 ± 1.41 8.86 ± 1.44 8.27 ± 1.12 5.64 9.52
BOD mg/L 2.38 ± 0.24 2.37 ± 0.32 2.97 ± 0.41 2.57 ± 0.11 2.92 ± 0.42 1.87 3.52
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Total Alkalinity
(CaCO3
−
)
mg/L
145.14 ±
24.2
111.32 ±
10.5
178.32 ±
25.6
195.11 ±
12.8
219.42 ±
25.2
109.95 242.9
Total hardness
(CaCO3)
mg/L
110.12 ±
11.5
131.43 ±
9.32
226.34 ±
32.7
306.62 ±
35.28
309.8 ± 31.5 101.21 158.61
Turbidity NTU
34.32 ±
4.51
29.41 ±
5.32
32.24 ± 7.54 21.51 ± 4.51 25.21 ± 6.21 24.2 36.85
Electrical
conductivity (EC)
µS/m
225.8 ±
8.74
210.47 ±
9.65
221.21 ±
12.35
205.5 ±
18.54
201.7 ±
17.41
185.71 248.91
Total dissolved
solids (TDS)
mg/L
227.08 ±
15.2
221.68 ±
18.4
344.83 ±
21.4
525.31 ±
34.7
598.65 ±
35.5
208.29 632.1
Calcium (Ca2+
) mg/L
19.25 ±
4.82
19.36 ±
5.54
18.11 ± 4.32 15.58 ± 3.67 17.36 ± 4.51 15.37 22.65
Magnesium (Mg2+
) mg/L
85.32 ±
6.27
80.65 ±
6.89
88.69 ± 7.27 57.3 ± 5.74 61.41 ± 6.32 55.4 99.58
Sodium (Na+
) mg/L
78.21 ±
4.74
69.14 ±
5.47
72.41 ± 6.85 54.24 ± 7.32 65.31 ± 5.74 42.32 95.47
Potassium (K+
) mg/L 1.54 ± 0.22 1.21 ± 0.09 1.25 ± 0.23 0.58 ± 0.81 0.98 ± 0.05 0.5 2.05
Chlorides (Cl−
) mg/L
113.25 ±
9.32
102.45 ±
7.32
175.43 ±
8.64
190.14 ±
12.95
252.54 ±
13.74
100.37 378.52
Fluoride (as F−
) mg/L 0.92 ± 0.32 0.76 ± 0.08 1.13 ± 0.08 1.37 ± 0.074 1.71 ± 0.121 0.71 2.1
Ferrous iron (Fe2+
) mg/L 0.13 ± 0.02 0.1 ± 0.002 0.26 ± 0.03 0.41 ± 0.04 0.67 ± 0.07 0.09 0.78
Water Quality Index
(WQI)
74.45 70.97 99.79 121.61 135.98 61.78 147.45
Results
The present study was an attempt to investigate the
impacts of human interactions and activities on water
quality. A complex presumption was taken into
consideration that the changing land use phenomena
due to human intervention may responsible for
deteriorating the quality of the water in the upper
course of the river Ganges. For the same water,
samples were collected to test the physico-chemical
properties at predefined stations by considering places
where minimal and maximal degrees of human
intervention can be observed, including construction,
tourism, deforestation, and cultivation. GIS
techniques were used to prepare land use mapping
and change detection to perform a spatial correlation
with water quality index. The results revealed that out
of the five selected sampled sites, three (sites 3, 4,
and 5) were under human effects, and high degrees of
human engagement in land modification such road
construction, habitation, religious gatherins,
deforestation and cultivation imposed maximal
pressure on the river water directly or indirectly,
resulting in the water quality also being found to be in
poor to very poor condition. The spatial
autocorrelation also exhibited a highly positive
correlation, with a value of 0.8455. The present
investigation also evidenced that temporary changes
in land use and human interaction with the natural
system have a great impact on surface water quality,
resulting in deterioration of the water quality index,
making water unfit for irrigation and other
uses.[11,12]
Our study findings demonstrate that spatial and
temporal investigation using GIS and multivariate
statistical techniques could offer an overview of the
relationship between land use and water quality. Our
study findings also show that GIS has great efficacy
for the correlation and analysis of spatial relationships
from small to large scale. It is evidenced that public
interventions play a great role in changing land
features, as well as surface water quality. Therefore, it
is of keen interest to plan some management
strategies that could serve as remedial measures with
respect to the pollution levels in the upper Ganges
River, making the water of an acceptable standard for
drinking and other uses.[13,14]
Conclusions
The following suggestions could be effective in this
regard:
1. Site-based water quality analysis in our study
indicates that agricultural land use and human
gatherings for religious purposes affect water
quality. Therefore, water restoration in critical
areas should be employed to improve the quality.
2. Deforestation should be strictly restricted and the
local community should be engaged in preserving
the forest, which could improve the nutrient
composition in the water and enrich the overall
quality of the water.[15,16]
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@ IJTSRD | Unique Paper ID – IJTSRD49644 | Volume – 6 | Issue – 3 | Mar-Apr 2022 Page 887
3. The major pollutants in the river in the study area
are derived from human waste and agricultural
effluent. Therefore, it is essential to develop
effective sewage conveyance systems and
efficient water treatment plants in affected and
critical areas.[17,18]
4. Large human gatherings and bathing are the main
issues at Rishikesh (site 3) and Haridwar (site 4),
due to religious practices. Therefore, Government
measures should be implemented to reduce the
public interventions in the water.
5. Last but not least, more public concern,
awareness and active participation should require
at the local level to save the water and enrich the
quality of life.[19,20]
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