Iron Poisoning.pptx
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Iron poisoning can occur from ingesting ferrous or ferric compounds. It causes oxidative damage through reactive oxygen species, damaging cells and tissues. Clinical features are divided into 5 stages, beginning with vomiting and abdominal pain within hours. Later stages include shock, liver damage, seizures and coma over days. Management includes gastric lavage with saline, activated charcoal, magnesium hydroxide to reduce absorption, and chelation therapy with desferrioxamine or deferiprone to remove excess iron from the body. Iron poisoning can cause long term gastrointestinal scarring and obstruction.
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Iron toxicity ppt
Iron is an essential element but can be toxic in high amounts. Iron poisoning most often occurs when children accidentally ingest iron supplements. Symptoms of iron toxicity can be severe and include vomiting, abdominal pain, shock, liver damage, and gastrointestinal bleeding and necrosis. Diagnosis involves measuring serum iron levels and a chelation challenge test. Treatment focuses on gastric lavage, administering charcoal or antacids, correcting dehydration and acidosis, and chelation therapy with desferrioxamine or deferiprone to remove excess iron from the body.
Iron Poisoning
Iron poisoning occurs when too much iron is ingested, usually from iron supplements. It progresses through several stages, initially causing gastrointestinal symptoms. A latent phase then occurs where symptoms improve, but toxic levels of iron are being absorbed. Multi-organ failure can then develop from shock and acidosis. Chelation therapy with desferrioxamine may be given if vomiting, abdominal pain, or high serum iron levels are present to bind the iron. Adverse effects of desferrioxamine include sepsis, visual toxicity, ototoxicity, and pulmonary toxicity.
Presentation on iron poisoning
Iron poisoning (physical appearance, sources- dietary and environmental, uses- industrial and biological, usual fatal dose, toxicokinetics, mode of action, clinical features, diagnosis, treatment, autopsy features
Iron toxicity
The document discusses iron toxicity, including its chemical properties, epidemiology, sources, absorption in the body, toxicity, pathophysiology of iron poisoning, diagnosis, management, and a case study of iron toxicity in a child. It provides details on the stages of acute iron toxicity, signs and symptoms, laboratory tests, criteria for chelation therapy, and treatment approaches.
Iron Toxicity. fe.pptx
Iron toxicity occurs when excess iron is ingested and circulating levels exceed the body's iron-binding capacity. This can lead to direct injury of the gastrointestinal tract and multiple organ failure. Symptoms progress through four stages, initially causing vomiting and diarrhea and potentially leading to coma and death from hepatic failure. A diagnosis is suggested by elevated serum iron levels above 150 mcg/100 mL or a positive chelating challenge test showing iron excretion in urine. Treatment focuses on gastric decontamination and chelation therapy with deferoxamine to remove unbound iron from circulation.
Iron deficiency anemia
This document discusses iron deficiency anemia. It covers:
- Iron's important roles in the body and common iron-containing proteins
- Factors that affect absorption of heme vs non-heme iron
- Phytates role in causing anemia in developing countries
- Iron absorption is low from cereal-based diets commonly found in developing nations
- Hepcidin regulates iron absorption and storage by inhibiting ferroportin
- Clinical manifestations of iron deficiency anemia include pallor, fatigue, and koilonychia
- Iron deficiency can affect multiple body systems beyond just hematologic effects
Heavy metal poisoning
1. Chronic heavy metal poisoning can result from excessive long term exposure to certain metals through occupational, environmental, or nutritional sources. Common heavy metals that can cause toxicity include arsenic, lead, copper, iron, and mercury.
2. Heavy metals are absorbed through ingestion, inhalation, or skin contact and accumulate in tissues like the liver, kidneys, and bones, causing a variety of symptoms depending on the metal.
3. Diagnosis involves tests of blood, urine, hair or other tissues to detect heavy metal levels. Treatment focuses on chelation therapy using agents like BAL, penicillamine, or DMSA to remove metals from the body. Supportive care is also provided for affected organ systems
Iron deficiency anemia- a review of diagnosis and management
This document reviews iron-deficiency anemia (IDA), including its diagnosis and management. It begins by explaining that anemia is very common globally and IDA is the most frequent type, often caused by insufficient iron intake, absorption or blood loss. The review then describes iron metabolism and the process of erythropoiesis. It discusses evaluating patients for IDA through medical history, examination, and lab tests like ferritin and transferrin levels. For diagnosed IDA, the review recommends determining the underlying cause, such as gastrointestinal bleeding, and treating the specific condition. It emphasizes the importance of thorough diagnosis and management to address the health effects of IDA.
Recommended
Iron toxicity ppt
Iron is an essential element but can be toxic in high amounts. Iron poisoning most often occurs when children accidentally ingest iron supplements. Symptoms of iron toxicity can be severe and include vomiting, abdominal pain, shock, liver damage, and gastrointestinal bleeding and necrosis. Diagnosis involves measuring serum iron levels and a chelation challenge test. Treatment focuses on gastric lavage, administering charcoal or antacids, correcting dehydration and acidosis, and chelation therapy with desferrioxamine or deferiprone to remove excess iron from the body.
Iron Poisoning
Iron poisoning occurs when too much iron is ingested, usually from iron supplements. It progresses through several stages, initially causing gastrointestinal symptoms. A latent phase then occurs where symptoms improve, but toxic levels of iron are being absorbed. Multi-organ failure can then develop from shock and acidosis. Chelation therapy with desferrioxamine may be given if vomiting, abdominal pain, or high serum iron levels are present to bind the iron. Adverse effects of desferrioxamine include sepsis, visual toxicity, ototoxicity, and pulmonary toxicity.
Presentation on iron poisoning
Iron poisoning (physical appearance, sources- dietary and environmental, uses- industrial and biological, usual fatal dose, toxicokinetics, mode of action, clinical features, diagnosis, treatment, autopsy features
Iron toxicity
The document discusses iron toxicity, including its chemical properties, epidemiology, sources, absorption in the body, toxicity, pathophysiology of iron poisoning, diagnosis, management, and a case study of iron toxicity in a child. It provides details on the stages of acute iron toxicity, signs and symptoms, laboratory tests, criteria for chelation therapy, and treatment approaches.
Iron Toxicity. fe.pptx
Iron toxicity occurs when excess iron is ingested and circulating levels exceed the body's iron-binding capacity. This can lead to direct injury of the gastrointestinal tract and multiple organ failure. Symptoms progress through four stages, initially causing vomiting and diarrhea and potentially leading to coma and death from hepatic failure. A diagnosis is suggested by elevated serum iron levels above 150 mcg/100 mL or a positive chelating challenge test showing iron excretion in urine. Treatment focuses on gastric decontamination and chelation therapy with deferoxamine to remove unbound iron from circulation.
Iron deficiency anemia
This document discusses iron deficiency anemia. It covers:
- Iron's important roles in the body and common iron-containing proteins
- Factors that affect absorption of heme vs non-heme iron
- Phytates role in causing anemia in developing countries
- Iron absorption is low from cereal-based diets commonly found in developing nations
- Hepcidin regulates iron absorption and storage by inhibiting ferroportin
- Clinical manifestations of iron deficiency anemia include pallor, fatigue, and koilonychia
- Iron deficiency can affect multiple body systems beyond just hematologic effects
Heavy metal poisoning
1. Chronic heavy metal poisoning can result from excessive long term exposure to certain metals through occupational, environmental, or nutritional sources. Common heavy metals that can cause toxicity include arsenic, lead, copper, iron, and mercury.
2. Heavy metals are absorbed through ingestion, inhalation, or skin contact and accumulate in tissues like the liver, kidneys, and bones, causing a variety of symptoms depending on the metal.
3. Diagnosis involves tests of blood, urine, hair or other tissues to detect heavy metal levels. Treatment focuses on chelation therapy using agents like BAL, penicillamine, or DMSA to remove metals from the body. Supportive care is also provided for affected organ systems
Iron deficiency anemia- a review of diagnosis and management
This document reviews iron-deficiency anemia (IDA), including its diagnosis and management. It begins by explaining that anemia is very common globally and IDA is the most frequent type, often caused by insufficient iron intake, absorption or blood loss. The review then describes iron metabolism and the process of erythropoiesis. It discusses evaluating patients for IDA through medical history, examination, and lab tests like ferritin and transferrin levels. For diagnosed IDA, the review recommends determining the underlying cause, such as gastrointestinal bleeding, and treating the specific condition. It emphasizes the importance of thorough diagnosis and management to address the health effects of IDA.
Cadmium iron toxicity
Cadmium is a heavy metal that is toxic even in low concentrations and accumulates in organisms, causing toxicity in multiple organ systems like the lungs, kidneys, bones and increasing cancer risk. It is found naturally and as a byproduct of industrial processes like mining and smelting, and also enters the body through cigarette smoke, food and water. Once absorbed, cadmium binds to proteins in the blood and is transported mainly to the liver and kidneys where it can cause damage and be stored long-term if exposure is continuous.
Iron absorption
This document discusses iron absorption and iron deficiency anemia. It states that iron absorption primarily occurs in the duodenum and jejunum, and is regulated by both dietary intake and iron stores. Iron deficiency is the most common cause of anemia worldwide, especially impacting women and children. The key signs of iron deficiency anemia are a decreased hemoglobin level and red blood cell size.
Iron metabolism
The document provides an overview of iron metabolism in the human body. It discusses dietary iron sources and requirements, absorption of iron in the small intestine, transport of iron in the blood via transferrin, storage of iron in the liver, spleen and bone marrow as ferritin and hemosiderin, the role of iron in hemoglobin and other proteins, excretion of iron primarily in feces, and laboratory tests to diagnose iron deficiency or overload. Conditions related to iron such as iron deficiency anemia and hemochromatosis are also summarized.
Iron toxicity
Iron toxicity can cause multi-organ failure and death if not properly treated. There are typically 5 stages of iron poisoning: 1) gastrointestinal symptoms within 6 hours; 2) a latent period with no symptoms but ongoing toxicity; 3) shock and multi-organ failure 2-24 hours later; 4) hepatotoxicity 12-24 hours later; and 5) gastrointestinal obstruction 1-7 weeks later. Treatment involves gastric lavage for ingestions within 2 hours, chelation therapy with deferoxamine for serum iron levels over 90 umol/L, and supportive care including IV fluids, ventilation, and dialysis as needed. Proper management of iron toxicity can prevent serious complications and death.
Blood disease
1. The document discusses various blood diseases including different types of anemia (microcytic, macrocytic, normocytic), their causes, signs and symptoms, and treatment approaches.
2. Microcytic anemias like iron deficiency anemia result in small red blood cells, while macrocytic anemias from folate or B12 deficiency produce large cells. Normocytic anemias maintain normal cell size.
3. Diagnostic tests include complete blood counts and smears to identify cell types and sizes. Management involves treating the underlying cause, blood transfusions, and supplements.
Trace elements
This document discusses trace elements and their deficiencies. It begins by classifying essential trace elements such as iron, zinc and copper, and probable essential elements. It then focuses on individual trace elements, describing their functions, dietary sources, deficiency and toxicity symptoms, and reference ranges. The key elements discussed are iron, zinc, copper, iodine, chromium, and manganese.
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Anemia is a condition characterized by low red blood cell count or hemoglobin levels. It can be caused by inadequate red blood cell production, increased destruction, or blood loss. Common symptoms include fatigue, pallor, and shortness of breath. Iron deficiency anemia is the most common type and results from inadequate iron intake or absorption. It can cause microcytic hypochromic anemia. Vitamin B12 deficiency can cause megaloblastic anemia due to its role in DNA synthesis. It is caused by low intake, malabsorption, or poor utilization and signs include macrocytosis, neurological symptoms, and smooth muscle problems. Diagnosis involves blood tests and treatment depends on the underlying cause.
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Heavy metals toxicity
This document discusses heavy metal toxicity, specifically focusing on lead toxicity. It defines heavy metals, describes common sources of exposure, and details the absorption, distribution, elimination and pathophysiology of heavy metals like lead in the body. Signs and symptoms of both acute and chronic heavy metal poisoning are provided, with a focus on lead toxicity in children which can cause developmental delays and learning disabilities. The document concludes with discussing diagnostic tests for heavy metal toxicity and treatments options like chelation therapy.
Ferrodyn 04 kortman2017
1) Oral iron supplementation is commonly used to treat iron deficiency anemia in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). However, recent studies have shown that oral iron can adversely affect the gut microbiome and metabolome in ways that may impact CKD progression and morbidity.
2) CKD is associated with changes in the gut microbiome, including decreases in beneficial bacteria and increases in potentially pathogenic bacteria. This altered microbiome produces higher levels of uremic toxins through increased fermentation of undigested proteins.
3) The production of uremic toxins and changes in the gut microbiome in CKD may lead to increased gut permeability and systemic inflammation, accelerating CKD progression and cardiovascular
Copper metabolism
Copper- sources, daily requirement, absorption, transportation, storage, excretion, role in enzymatic action, role in iron metabolism, role in elastin maturation, role in bone formation, copper deficiency, copper toxicity, Wilson disease, Menkes disease.
Water soluble vitamins and its dental implications
This document summarizes key information about water soluble vitamins B and C. It discusses their dietary sources, metabolism, metabolic functions, recommended daily allowances, deficiency symptoms, hypervitaminosis, and dental considerations. Specific vitamins covered in detail include vitamin C, thiamine, riboflavin, and niacin. The document also provides classifications of water soluble vitamins and discusses the coenzyme roles of vitamin B complexes.
Iron overload in BMT
Rolla Abu-Arja, clinical director of pediatric bone marrow transplant in Nationwide Children's Hospital (Columbus, OH) discusses iron overload in hematopoetic cell transplantation.
Role of iron in the human body
Iron is an essential trace element that plays many critical roles in the human body. It is required to produce red blood cells and hemoglobin, which transports oxygen throughout the body. A lack of iron can lead to iron deficiency and iron deficiency anemia. Symptoms of iron deficiency include fatigue, dizziness, hair loss, and brittle nails. Good dietary sources of iron include red meat, poultry, lentils, beans, and leafy greens. Iron supplements are often used to treat iron deficiency. Maintaining adequate iron levels is important for health, but too much iron can promote bacterial growth.
A Review on Iron Homeostasis and Anaemia in Pulmonary Tuberculosis PDF
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This document reviews iron homeostasis and anemia in pulmonary tuberculosis. It discusses how inflammation induced by tuberculosis infection leads to changes in iron regulation and the development of anemia of inflammation. The iron regulatory protein hepcidin plays a key role by restricting iron absorption and sequestering iron in macrophages. This limits iron availability to bacteria but also contributes to anemia. Timely diagnosis and treatment of tuberculosis is important to reduce transmission and mortality, but co-morbidities like anemia can increase risks. Screening and treatment of latent tuberculosis aims to prevent progression to active disease.Iron determination of drinking water wells in Benghazi City
ABSTRACT:- Several colorimetric reagents have been employed for the determination of iron. In this work the characteristic design and operational features of spectrophotometry instruments that suitable for absorption in the visible and ultraviolet regions were studied. Sodium acetate was used to control the pH around 3.5±1.0 to achieve formation of the orange-red as iron (II)-phenanthroline complex. The molar absorptivity is as high as 1.1 X104 L molel cm-1 of the product which is highest than the complex with other reagents. In this work a commonly used method for the determination of trace amounts of iron in some drink water wells involves the complexation of Fe2+ with 1,10-phenanthroline to produce an intensely red orange colored complex: the Beer's law was obeyed, a linear calibration plot was, at 510 nm the maximum absorbance of iron complex. Iron is a naturally occurring mineral found around the world. It dissolves in ground water when water filters through surrounding rock. The safety of drinking water is a very important public health issue. The United States and World Health Organization have established well-defined standards for drinking water purity. For example, U.S. Federal regulations limit the amount of iron to less than 0.3 ppm (mg/l) in municipal drinking water. Although iron is only toxic at very high concentrations, it acts as a useful surrogate for other heavy metals, whose presence in drinking water is a real danger to public health, a flow of rusty-red water from taps. It can create scale, deposits of iron in the pipes, which can block water flow or damage hot water tanks. In the laundry, iron deposits on clothes, staining fabric yellow, orange or brown. Depending on the concentration of iron, more than one removal option may be necessary (http://www.livestrong.com/article/271642).
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Iron Deficiency Anaemia is a widespread problem globally. It affects toddlers, women of childbearing age, and school-aged children. Iron is essential for oxygen transport, cell metabolism, and immune function. Causes of iron deficiency include low dietary iron intake, blood loss, pregnancy/lactation, and malabsorption. Symptoms include pallor, fatigue, and behavioral changes. Laboratory findings show low iron stores, serum iron and transferrin saturation. Treatment involves iron supplementation orally or parenterally, and treating the underlying cause. Uncorrected iron deficiency can lead to developmental delays in children.
leadpoisoning-191203075145 (2).pdf
Lead is a toxic heavy metal that can cause lead poisoning when absorbed in sufficient quantities. It is found in paint, gasoline, pipes, toys, cosmetics and other products. Acute lead poisoning presents with abdominal pain, vomiting and neurological symptoms like confusion and seizures. Chronic lead poisoning causes anemia, abdominal colic, constipation, wrist or foot drop and encephalopathy in children. Diagnosis is based on exposure history, clinical signs and blood/urine lead levels. Chelation therapy with drugs like BAL, EDTA or DMSA is used to treat both acute and chronic lead poisoning.
Lead poisoning
Lead is a toxic heavy metal that can cause lead poisoning through various sources like automobile exhaust, lead-based paints, contaminated food/water, and occupational exposures. Acute lead poisoning presents with abdominal colic, constipation, and in severe cases, encephalopathy and death. Chronic lead poisoning results in anemia, Burton lines on gums, wrist or foot drop, and potentially kidney and brain damage. Treatment involves chelation therapy with agents like BAL, EDTA, DMSA or penicillamine to remove lead from the body.
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Similar to Iron Poisoning.pptx
Cadmium iron toxicity
Cadmium is a heavy metal that is toxic even in low concentrations and accumulates in organisms, causing toxicity in multiple organ systems like the lungs, kidneys, bones and increasing cancer risk. It is found naturally and as a byproduct of industrial processes like mining and smelting, and also enters the body through cigarette smoke, food and water. Once absorbed, cadmium binds to proteins in the blood and is transported mainly to the liver and kidneys where it can cause damage and be stored long-term if exposure is continuous.
Iron absorption
This document discusses iron absorption and iron deficiency anemia. It states that iron absorption primarily occurs in the duodenum and jejunum, and is regulated by both dietary intake and iron stores. Iron deficiency is the most common cause of anemia worldwide, especially impacting women and children. The key signs of iron deficiency anemia are a decreased hemoglobin level and red blood cell size.
Iron metabolism
The document provides an overview of iron metabolism in the human body. It discusses dietary iron sources and requirements, absorption of iron in the small intestine, transport of iron in the blood via transferrin, storage of iron in the liver, spleen and bone marrow as ferritin and hemosiderin, the role of iron in hemoglobin and other proteins, excretion of iron primarily in feces, and laboratory tests to diagnose iron deficiency or overload. Conditions related to iron such as iron deficiency anemia and hemochromatosis are also summarized.
Iron toxicity
Iron toxicity can cause multi-organ failure and death if not properly treated. There are typically 5 stages of iron poisoning: 1) gastrointestinal symptoms within 6 hours; 2) a latent period with no symptoms but ongoing toxicity; 3) shock and multi-organ failure 2-24 hours later; 4) hepatotoxicity 12-24 hours later; and 5) gastrointestinal obstruction 1-7 weeks later. Treatment involves gastric lavage for ingestions within 2 hours, chelation therapy with deferoxamine for serum iron levels over 90 umol/L, and supportive care including IV fluids, ventilation, and dialysis as needed. Proper management of iron toxicity can prevent serious complications and death.
Blood disease
1. The document discusses various blood diseases including different types of anemia (microcytic, macrocytic, normocytic), their causes, signs and symptoms, and treatment approaches.
2. Microcytic anemias like iron deficiency anemia result in small red blood cells, while macrocytic anemias from folate or B12 deficiency produce large cells. Normocytic anemias maintain normal cell size.
3. Diagnostic tests include complete blood counts and smears to identify cell types and sizes. Management involves treating the underlying cause, blood transfusions, and supplements.
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This document discusses trace elements and their deficiencies. It begins by classifying essential trace elements such as iron, zinc and copper, and probable essential elements. It then focuses on individual trace elements, describing their functions, dietary sources, deficiency and toxicity symptoms, and reference ranges. The key elements discussed are iron, zinc, copper, iodine, chromium, and manganese.
Anemia, Pharmacotherapeutics, PharmD, RGUHS
Anemia is a condition characterized by low red blood cell count or hemoglobin levels. It can be caused by inadequate red blood cell production, increased destruction, or blood loss. Common symptoms include fatigue, pallor, and shortness of breath. Iron deficiency anemia is the most common type and results from inadequate iron intake or absorption. It can cause microcytic hypochromic anemia. Vitamin B12 deficiency can cause megaloblastic anemia due to its role in DNA synthesis. It is caused by low intake, malabsorption, or poor utilization and signs include macrocytosis, neurological symptoms, and smooth muscle problems. Diagnosis involves blood tests and treatment depends on the underlying cause.
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Heavy metals toxicity
This document discusses heavy metal toxicity, specifically focusing on lead toxicity. It defines heavy metals, describes common sources of exposure, and details the absorption, distribution, elimination and pathophysiology of heavy metals like lead in the body. Signs and symptoms of both acute and chronic heavy metal poisoning are provided, with a focus on lead toxicity in children which can cause developmental delays and learning disabilities. The document concludes with discussing diagnostic tests for heavy metal toxicity and treatments options like chelation therapy.
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1) Oral iron supplementation is commonly used to treat iron deficiency anemia in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). However, recent studies have shown that oral iron can adversely affect the gut microbiome and metabolome in ways that may impact CKD progression and morbidity.
2) CKD is associated with changes in the gut microbiome, including decreases in beneficial bacteria and increases in potentially pathogenic bacteria. This altered microbiome produces higher levels of uremic toxins through increased fermentation of undigested proteins.
3) The production of uremic toxins and changes in the gut microbiome in CKD may lead to increased gut permeability and systemic inflammation, accelerating CKD progression and cardiovascular
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Water soluble vitamins and its dental implications
This document summarizes key information about water soluble vitamins B and C. It discusses their dietary sources, metabolism, metabolic functions, recommended daily allowances, deficiency symptoms, hypervitaminosis, and dental considerations. Specific vitamins covered in detail include vitamin C, thiamine, riboflavin, and niacin. The document also provides classifications of water soluble vitamins and discusses the coenzyme roles of vitamin B complexes.
Iron overload in BMT
Rolla Abu-Arja, clinical director of pediatric bone marrow transplant in Nationwide Children's Hospital (Columbus, OH) discusses iron overload in hematopoetic cell transplantation.
Role of iron in the human body
Iron is an essential trace element that plays many critical roles in the human body. It is required to produce red blood cells and hemoglobin, which transports oxygen throughout the body. A lack of iron can lead to iron deficiency and iron deficiency anemia. Symptoms of iron deficiency include fatigue, dizziness, hair loss, and brittle nails. Good dietary sources of iron include red meat, poultry, lentils, beans, and leafy greens. Iron supplements are often used to treat iron deficiency. Maintaining adequate iron levels is important for health, but too much iron can promote bacterial growth.
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This document reviews iron homeostasis and anemia in pulmonary tuberculosis. It discusses how inflammation induced by tuberculosis infection leads to changes in iron regulation and the development of anemia of inflammation. The iron regulatory protein hepcidin plays a key role by restricting iron absorption and sequestering iron in macrophages. This limits iron availability to bacteria but also contributes to anemia. Timely diagnosis and treatment of tuberculosis is important to reduce transmission and mortality, but co-morbidities like anemia can increase risks. Screening and treatment of latent tuberculosis aims to prevent progression to active disease.Iron determination of drinking water wells in Benghazi City
ABSTRACT:- Several colorimetric reagents have been employed for the determination of iron. In this work the characteristic design and operational features of spectrophotometry instruments that suitable for absorption in the visible and ultraviolet regions were studied. Sodium acetate was used to control the pH around 3.5±1.0 to achieve formation of the orange-red as iron (II)-phenanthroline complex. The molar absorptivity is as high as 1.1 X104 L molel cm-1 of the product which is highest than the complex with other reagents. In this work a commonly used method for the determination of trace amounts of iron in some drink water wells involves the complexation of Fe2+ with 1,10-phenanthroline to produce an intensely red orange colored complex: the Beer's law was obeyed, a linear calibration plot was, at 510 nm the maximum absorbance of iron complex. Iron is a naturally occurring mineral found around the world. It dissolves in ground water when water filters through surrounding rock. The safety of drinking water is a very important public health issue. The United States and World Health Organization have established well-defined standards for drinking water purity. For example, U.S. Federal regulations limit the amount of iron to less than 0.3 ppm (mg/l) in municipal drinking water. Although iron is only toxic at very high concentrations, it acts as a useful surrogate for other heavy metals, whose presence in drinking water is a real danger to public health, a flow of rusty-red water from taps. It can create scale, deposits of iron in the pipes, which can block water flow or damage hot water tanks. In the laundry, iron deposits on clothes, staining fabric yellow, orange or brown. Depending on the concentration of iron, more than one removal option may be necessary (http://www.livestrong.com/article/271642).
Iron deficiency anaemia (for v year mbbs)
Iron Deficiency Anaemia is a widespread problem globally. It affects toddlers, women of childbearing age, and school-aged children. Iron is essential for oxygen transport, cell metabolism, and immune function. Causes of iron deficiency include low dietary iron intake, blood loss, pregnancy/lactation, and malabsorption. Symptoms include pallor, fatigue, and behavioral changes. Laboratory findings show low iron stores, serum iron and transferrin saturation. Treatment involves iron supplementation orally or parenterally, and treating the underlying cause. Uncorrected iron deficiency can lead to developmental delays in children.
leadpoisoning-191203075145 (2).pdf
Lead is a toxic heavy metal that can cause lead poisoning when absorbed in sufficient quantities. It is found in paint, gasoline, pipes, toys, cosmetics and other products. Acute lead poisoning presents with abdominal pain, vomiting and neurological symptoms like confusion and seizures. Chronic lead poisoning causes anemia, abdominal colic, constipation, wrist or foot drop and encephalopathy in children. Diagnosis is based on exposure history, clinical signs and blood/urine lead levels. Chelation therapy with drugs like BAL, EDTA or DMSA is used to treat both acute and chronic lead poisoning.
Lead poisoning
Lead is a toxic heavy metal that can cause lead poisoning through various sources like automobile exhaust, lead-based paints, contaminated food/water, and occupational exposures. Acute lead poisoning presents with abdominal colic, constipation, and in severe cases, encephalopathy and death. Chronic lead poisoning results in anemia, Burton lines on gums, wrist or foot drop, and potentially kidney and brain damage. Treatment involves chelation therapy with agents like BAL, EDTA, DMSA or penicillamine to remove lead from the body.
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- 1. POISONING IR N POKHARA UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF HEALTH AND ALLIED SCIENCE Presented by: Shristi Ojha Shyam Shrestha Suchita Subedi Sujita subedi • Roll no: 33-36 Presented to: Nim Bahadur Dangi POKHARA-30,KASKI
- 2. • Iron (Fe) forms ferrous (2+) and ferric (3+) compounds. • Ferrous compounds are easily oxidized to ferric compounds. • Ferrous sulfate, the most important of the ferrous compounds, usually occurs as pale- green crystals. • The ferrous and ferric ions combine with cyanides to form complex cyanide compounds INTRODUCTION
- 3. • Iron is an essential metal for almost all living systems, due to its involvement in a number of Fe-containing enzymes and proteins. • It is estimated that one third of the world's population suffers from anemia due to iron deficiency. • It is an important component of hemoglobin, myoglobin, and cytochrome enzymes. • The average adult human stores about 3.9 to 4.5 g of Fen Cont…
- 4. Mechanism of Toxicity •Generation of reactive oxygen species oxidize membrane-bound lipids and result in the loss of cellular integrity with subsequent tissue injury. •Oxidative damage to the GI epithelium enhances iron entry into the systemic circulation. Afterward, Fe overloads have been observed to target systems with very active mitochondria. •In addition, Fe accumulation within the cellular lysosomal compartment sensitizes lysosomes to damage and rupture, Release of lysosomal enzymes into the cytoplasm of the cell induces autophagocytosis, apoptosis or necrosis.
- 5. Clinical Features Stage I (0.5 to 2 hours) Includes vomiting, haematemesis, abdominal pain, diarrhoea, haematochezia, lethargy, shock, acidosis, and coagulopathy, Severe gastrointestinal haemorrhagic necrosis with large losses of fluid and blood contribute to shock. Stage II (after Stage I) Includes apparent recovery and may contribute to a false sense of security. Observe closely. Acute Fe poisoning has been well documented and is divided into 5clinical stages:
- 6. Stage III (2 to 12 hours after Stage I) Includes profound shock, severe acidosis, cyanosis and fever. Increased total peripheral resistance, decreased plasma volume, haemoconcentration, decrease in total blood volume, hypotension, CNS depression, and metabolic acidosis have been reported. Stage IV (2 to 4 days) Includes possible hepatotoxicity, convulsions, and coma. Thought to be a direct action of iron on mitochondria. Stage V (days to weeks) Includes GI scarring and strictures, GI obstruction secondary to gastric or pyloric scarring may occur due to corrosive effects of iron. Evaluate with barium contrast studies, Sustained release preparations have resulted in small intestinal necrosis with resultant scaring and obstruction.
- 7. Management • Stomach wash with normal saline performed gently may be of benefit in massive ingestions. Desferrioxamine must not be used for lavage. • Activated charcoal is ineffective. • Magnesium hydroxide solution (1%) administered orally may help reduce absorption of iron by precipitating the formation of ferrous hydroxide. • Obtain serum iron levels, creatinine, electrolytes, blood haemoglobin concentration, blood prothrombin time, baseline liver function tests, and arterial blood gases in seriously poisoned patients. • Correction of hypovolemia, and metabolic acidosis, • Chelation therapy: it can be done either with desferrioxamine (parenteral) or deferiprone (oral).
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