2019 Design & Communication Graphics (D.C.G.) Revision Notes covering the majority of the DCG syllabus through relevant exam solutions. Feel free to use these notes for study purposes only. Encrypted video links will not work through this platform but the notes should be clear enough to assist you in your understanding and comprehension of DCG learning areas. Best of luck to all students doing Irish Leaving Certificate exams this June (2018).

1. LEAVING CERTIFICATE
DESIGN & COMMUNICATION GRAPHICS
HIGHER LEVEL REVISION PACKAGE 2019
PRODUCED BY JOE
TEACHER AT THE PATRICIAN SECONDARY SCHOOL NEWBRIDGE CO. KILDARE
EMAIL: info@lio.ie
H E L P . L E A D . I N S P I R E

2. CONTENTS
EXAM GUIDANCE
• SHORT QUESTIONS (EXAM SECTION A)
– YEARS 2009-2018
• CORE GEOMETRY (EXAM SECTION B)
– AXONOMETRIC PROJECTION
– INTERPENETRATION
– CO-ORDINATE GEOMETRY
– OBLIQUE PLANES
– CONIC SECTIONS
– PERSPECTIVE PROJECTION
• APPLIED GRAPHICS (EXAM SECTION C)
– GEOLOGIC GEOMETRY
– STRUCTURAL FORMS
– SURFACE GEOMETRY

3. EXAM GUIDANCE
FORMAT

4. EXAM FORMAT:
 EXAM DURATION
 HIGHER LEVEL = 3 HOURS
 ORDINARY LEVEL = 3 HOURS
 EXAM PAPER STRUCTURE
 THREE SECTIONS IN EXAM PAPER
 SECTION A = MIXED TOPIC SHORT QUESTIONS
 FOUR SHORT QUESTIONS (ANSWER ANY THREE)
 SECTION B = CORE GEOMETRY
 THREE LONG QUESTIONS (ANSWER ANY TWO)
 SECTION C = APPLIED GRAPHIC
 FIVE LONG QUESTIONS (ANSWER ANY TWO)
EXAM GUIDANCE

5. 5-STEP EXAM STRATEGY
Key tip: when studying, get into the habit of doing questions relative to the
timing suggested. When in the exam, have time ques or be vigilant of time during
the exam to remind you to progress from one question to another.

6. ADDITIONAL ADVICE
 The exam paper will look different because all of the questions are new and
previously unseen. Take a minute to relax and then confirm to yourself that
you are refined in the methods /understanding to answering such questions.
Remember that year on year the face of the questions may change but the
detail is the same, the methods are consistent and there is a logical
sequence to be followed in all cases.
 Upon review of exam paper, mark the questions you feel most confident about
doing
 Do section ‘A’ first and begin with whatever question you feel you can
answer best
 Move onto section ‘B’ and again begin with your strongest question
 Move onto section ‘C’ and once more begin with your strongest question
 In all cases, remember to double check what the question is asking you. It
is not uncommon to presume something or overlook something. Be diligent
here.
 If all else fails just have a go. Do what you can and remember an auxiliary
view here or there will do no harm 
 If you have time at the end, spend it by reviewing the work you have done
or tidying up/finishing incomplete questions
 Do not leave the exam hall without having attempted the required amount of
questions to the best of your ability.
EXAM ADVICE

7. EXAM QUESTION TRENDS
A1 A2 A3 A4 B1 B2 B3 C1 C2 C3
2009 CONIC PERSPECTIVE AXONOMETRIC SOLIDS IN CONTACT OBLIQUE CO-ORDINATE GEOMETRY INTERPENETRATION STANDARD, RISING ETC.
HYPERBOLIC PARABOLOID
AND HYPERBOLOID OF
REVOLUTION
CONICAL SURFACE
DEVELOPMENT WITH CONIC
FOCAL SPHERE ETC.
2010 SKEW LINES AXONOMETRIC CONIC OBLIQUE PERSPECTIVE OBLIQUE CO-ORDINATE GEOMETRY STANDARD, RISING ETC. HYPERBOLIC PARABOLOID
OVEN HOOD STRUCTURE WITH
CYLINDRICAL SURFACE
DEVELOPMENT
2011 AUXILIARY CONIC SKEW LINES SOLIDS IN CONTACT INTERPENETRATION AXONOMETRIC DIMETRIC CONIC STANDARD, FALLING ETC. HYPERBOLIC PARABOLOID ROOF STRUCTURE - USUAL
2012 AXONOMETRIC AUXILIARY ROTATION PERSPECTIVE CONIC INTERPENETRATION CO-ORDINATE GEOMETRY STANDARD, FALLING ETC.
HYPERBOLOID OF
REVOLUTION
ROOF STRUCTURE - USUAL
2013 ORTHOGRAPHIC SOLIDS IN CONTACT INTERPENETRATION SKEW LINES OBLIQUE AXONOMETRIC DIMETRIC PERSPECTIVE AND SKEW LINES STANDARD, FALLING ETC.
SHELL TRANSLATION
STRUCTURE
DIAMOND SURFACE
STRUCTURE, USUAL
2014 ORTHOGRAPHIC OBLIQUE PLANE CONIC PERSPECTIVE CO-ORDINATE GEOMETRY AXONOMETRIC TRIMETRIC AUXILIARY STANDARD, RISING ETC.
SHELL TRANSLATION
STRUCTURE
ROOF STRUCTURE - USUAL
2015
OBLIQUE
PLANES/ORTHOGRAPHIC
CONIC
CO-ORDINATE
GEOMETRY/OBLIQUE PLANES
SKEW LINES AUXILIARY/CONIC
AXONOMETRIC/
INTERPENETRATION
PERSPECTIVE
STANDARD, ROAD RISING,
THICKNESS OF STRATUMAND
VERTICAL PROFILING
HYPERBOLIC PARABOLOID
WITH AUXILIARY AND SKEW
LINES
ROOF STRUCTURE - USUAL
2016 DEVELOPMENT OBLIQUE PLANE CONIC HYPERBOLA ORTHOGRAPHIC/AUXILIARY CO-ORDINATE GEOMETRY CONIC OBLIQUE ORTHO-INTERPENETRATION STANDARD
HYPERBOLOID OF
REVOLUTION
TRANSITION PIECE
DEVELOPMENT
2017 AXONOMETRIC CONIC
OBLIQUE
PLANES/ORTHOGRAPHIC/
SURFACE GEOMETRY
ORTHOGRAPHIC/AUXILIARY CONIC CO-ORDINATE GEOMETRY PERSPECTIVE STANDARD
SHELL TRANSLATION
STRUCTURE
ROOF STRUCTURE - USUAL
2018 AXONOMETRIC CONIC SKEW LINES AUXILIARY/DIHEDRAL ANGLE PERSPECTIVE DEVELOPMENTS CO-ORDINATE GEOMETRY STANDARD HYPERBOLIC PARABOLOID ANGULAR STRUCTURE
2019? PERSPECTIVE ORTHOGRAPHIC/AUXILIARY OBLIQUE PLANES INTERPENETRATION CONIC AXONOMETRIC
INTERPENETRATION/OBLIQU
E PROJECTION
STANDARD
HYPERBOLOID OF
REVOLUTION
TRANSITION PIECE
DEVELOPMENT - ANGULAR
& CURVED
2018 LEAVING CERTIFICATE: DESIGN & COMMUNICATION GRAPHICS - PREDICTOR MODEL
SECTION A SECTION B SECTION C
JUST A GUESS!

8. SHORT QUESTIONS
EXAM SECTION A

9. SECTION A HL2009

10. SECTION A HL2009 SOL.

11. SECTION A HL2010

12. SECTION A HL2010 SOL.

13. SECTION A HL2011

14. SECTION A HL2011 SOL.

15. SECTION A HL2012

16. SECTION A HL2012 SOL.

17. SECTION A HL2013

18. SECTION A HL2013

19. SECTION A HL2014

20. SECTION A HL2014 SOL.

21. SECTION A HL2015

22. SECTION A HL2015 SOL.

23. SECTION A HL2016

24. SECTION A HL2016 SOL.

25. SECTION A HL2017

26. SECTION A HL2017 SOL.

27. SECTION A HL2018

28. SECTION A HL2018 SOL.

29. CORE GEOMETRY
EXAM SECTION B

30. AXONOMETRIC PROJECTION
TOPIC 1

31. TYPE 1: ISOMETRIC AXONOMETRIC (Equilateral Triangle)
TYPE 2: DIMETRIC AXONOMETRIC (Isosceles Triangle)
TYPE 3: TRIMETRIC AXONOMETRIC (Scalene Triangle)
AXONOMETRIC PROJECTION
SCALENE

32. AXONOMETRIC PROJECTION

33. AXONOMETRIC PROJECTION

34. AXONOMETRIC PROJECTION
AXONOMETRIC DIMETRIC PROJECTION

35. SLAMDUNK!!!
AXONOMETRIC PROJECTION
AXONOMETRIC TRIMETRIC PROJECTION

36. AXONOMETRIC PROJECTION
AXONOMETRIC ISOMETRIC PROJECTION

37. OBLIQUE PLANES
TOPIC 2

38. OBLIQUE PLANES

39. OBLIQUE PLANES

40. OBLIQUE PLANES

41. T
V
H
OBLIQUE PLANES

42. OBLIQUE PLANES

43. OBLIQUE PLANES

44. OBLIQUE PLANES

45. CO-ORDINATE GEOMETRY
TOPIC 3.1

46. CO-ORDINATE GEOMETRY – TYPES

47. CO-ORDINATE GEOMETRY – TRIANGULAR LAMINAE
X Y
A
B
C
A B
C
ELEVATION
PLAN
CUTTING PLANE LEVEL LINE
H
A B C
1
1
X
Y
B
A
C
CUTTING PLANE LEVEL LINE
1
THE TRUE INCLINATION/ANGLE/EDGE-VIEW OF A GIVEN SURFACE
BY CUTTING PLANE

48. CO-ORDINATE GEOMETRY – TRIANGULAR LAMINAE
THE TRUE INCLINATION/ANGLE/EDGE-VIEW OF A GIVEN SURFACE & TRUE SHAPE
BY CUTTING PLANE & ROTATION
X
Y
B1
A1
X Y
A
B
C
A B
C
ELEVATION
PLAN
CUTTING PLANE LEVEL LINE
H
A B C
EDGE VIEW OF PLANE
TRUE INCLINATION/ANGLE
1
1
B
A
C
CUTTING PLANE LEVEL LINE
1
A1
B1
TRUE SHAPE OF PLANE ABC
ROTATE FROM POINTS A & B
FROM POINT C ONTO THE
HORIZONTAL PLANE COMING
FROM POINT C

49. CO-ORDINATE GEOMETRY – TRIANGULAR LAMINAE
X
Y
B1
A1
X Y
A
B
C
A B
C
ELEVATION
PLAN
CUTTING PLANE LEVEL LINEH
A B C
EDGE VIEW OF PLANE
TRUE INCLINATION/ANGLE
1
1
B
A
C
CUTTING PLANE LEVEL LINE
1
X2Y2 PARALLEL TO EDGE-
VIEW OF ABC.
IN THIS VIEW TAKE
MEASUREMENTS FROM X1Y1
BACK INTO PLAN VIEW
C
B
A TRUE SHAPE OF PLANE ABC
THE TRUE INCLINATION/ANGLE/EDGE-VIEW OF A GIVEN SURFACE & TRUE SHAPE
BY CUTTING PLANE & AUXILIARY

50. CO-ORDINATE GEOMETRY – TRIANGULAR LAMINAE
FINDING THE TRACES VTH OF A AN OBLIQUE PLANE GIVEN TRIANGULAR LAMINAE
X
YV
T
H
OBLIQUE PLANE
VTH
X Y
A
B
C
A
B
C
ELEVATION
PLAN
V
T
H
B
A
C
OBLIQUE PLANE
VTH
EXTEND LINE AB TO
HIT XY LINE
EXTEND LINE AC TO
HIT XY LINE
EXTEND LINE AB TO MEET
LINE COMING DOWN
EXTEND LINE AC TO MEET
LINE COMING DOWN

51. CO-ORDINATE GEOMETRY – TRIANGULAR LAMINAE
FINDING THE TRUE SHAPE OF TRIANGULAR LAMINA ABC BY RABATMENT OF THE OBLIQUE PLANE VTH
X Y
A
B
C
A
B
C
ELEVATION
PLAN
R
R = POINT OF
ROTATION FOR
RABATMANT OF
OBLIQUE PLANE
VTH
V
T
H
X
Y
V
T
H
V
A
B
C
C
A
B
TRUE SHAPE ABC
ON RABATTED
PLANE VTH
A
B
C

52. CO-ORDINATE GEOMETRY – TRIANGULAR LAMINAE

53. A
B
C
D
A
B
C
D
E
B
D
E
F
B
D
E
B
D
A
BC
D
E
F
A
B
C
D
E
Q
Q
R
R
‘AB’ LINE OF INTERSECTION
‘AB’ LINE OF INTERSECTION
‘AB’ LINE OF INTERSECTION
TRUE LENGTH
DIHEDRAL ANGLE ‘ABC’ & ‘ABD’
θ
INCLINATION OF ‘BDE’ TO HP
USING LEVEL LINE METHOD
A GIVEN DIHEDRAL ANGLE
‘REVERSE ENGINEERING’
COMBINING ELEVATION HEIGHTS
BY AUXILIARY VIEW &
APPLY HERE
TAKE DISTANCE ‘Q’ AND
PART C
PART D
PART A
PART B
θ
F
F
CO-ORDINATE GEOMETRY – COMMON LINE

54. X Y
B
A
C
A
C
B
E
D
E
123
1
2
3
D
B
A
C
B
A
C
E
D
E
D
DIHEDRAL ANGLE
X2Y2 PERPENDICULAR TO TL OF LOI
MEASUREMENTS TAKEN FROM X1Y1 BACK TO
POINTS IN PLAN VIEW
X1Y1 PARALLEL TO LOI IN PLAN VIEW
MEASUREMENTS TAKEN FROM XY TO POINTS IN ELEVATION
CO-ORDINATE GEOMETRY – COMMON POINT

55. X Y
A
B
C
A
B
C
A
B
C
A
B
C
D
E
F
D
E
FD
E
F
D
E
F
DIHEDRAL ANGLE
X2Y2 PERPENDICULAR TO TL OF LOI
MEASUREMENTS TAKEN FROM X1Y1 BACK TO
POINTS IN PLAN VIEW
X1Y1 PARALLEL TO LOI IN
PLAN VIEW
MEASUREMENTS TAKEN
FROM XY TO POINTS IN
ELEVATION
CO-ORDINATE GEOMETRY – NO COMMON LINE OR POINT

56. A
B
C
D
A
B
C
D
θ
C,A
B
V T
H T
A
B
C
D
A,B
C
D
CO-ORDINATE GEOMETRY

57. A
B
C
A
C
D
E
F
D
E
F
B
A
B
C
D
E
F
A
C
D
E
F
B
θ
C,A
B
A
C
B
CO-ORDINATE GEOMETRY

58. DATUM LINE
IN THIS CASE, USED TO
SHORTEN THE DISTANCES
TAKEN FOR POINTS IN THE
SECOND AUXILIARY VIEW
X2Y2
A
B
C
D
E
F
H
θX1
Y1
X2
Y2
X1
Y1
X Y
V
T
H
A
B
C
D
A B
C
D
E
F
A
B
C
D
E
F
A
B
C
D
E
F
PART A
PART B
PART C
PART D
H
ALSO FOR POINT E
CO-ORDINATE GEOMETRY

59. X Y
A
A
B
B
C
C
D
D
E
E
F
F
X1
Y1
X2
Y2
A
B
C
D
EF
A B
C
D
EF
θ
D C
H
T
V
CO-ORDINATE GEOMETRY

60. SKEW LINES
TOPIC 3.2

61. SKEW LINES TYPE 1– SHORTEST DISTANCE

62. SKEW LINES TYPE 2– SHORTEST HORIZONTAL DISTANCE

63. C
C
A
B
D
X Y
X1
Y1
X2
Y2
A
B
A
B
B
A
CD
D
C
D
OLEVEL LINE
O
SHORTEST DISTANCE
A = 60 50 70
B = 110 25 15
C = 80 5 25
D = 125 30 35
OUT UP DOWN
SKEW LINES NO.1
SKEW LINES
SHORTEST DISTANCE
SKEW LINES

64. SKEW LINES

65. SKEW LINES

66. INTERSECTING SOLIDS
TOPIC 4

67. INTERSECTING SOLIDS

68. INTERSECTING SOLIDS

69. INTERSECTING SOLIDS

70. C
D
3
1
2
2
1
2
1
3
C
B
A C
3
2
3
3
1
2
2
3
3
1
3
BP1
BP2
BP1
BP2
2
1
3
2
1
3
3
2
1
2
3
1
1
2
3
1
2
2
1
B
A
BP1
BP2
D
B
A
D
X
X1
Y1
Y
MEASUREMENTS
**Aux. Plan view
Project from Elev.
Measure from Plan
INTERSECTING SOLIDS

71. 1
2
3
4
1
2
3
4
AA
BB
CC
A
A B
B
C
C
D
D
A
A
B
B
C
C
D
1
2
3
4
3
2
1
BP1BP2
BP3
BP4
BP1
BP3
BP4
1
2
BP2
BP5BP6
BP1
BP2
BP3
BP4
1
2
3
BP5
BP6
2
1
3
3
CONNECTING INTERSECTION POINTS
LABEL METHOD
CODED CO-ORDINATES
RIGHT-HAND SIDE (RHS) POINTS 1 – BP1 – 2 – BP2 / BP3 – 3 – BP4 – 1
(FRONT OF AUXILIARY)
LEFT-HAND SIDE (LHS) POINTS 1 – 2 – BP2 / BP3 – BP5 – 3 – BP6 – 1
(BACK OF AUXILIARY)
BP5
BP6
INTERSECTING SOLIDS

72. INTERSECTING SOLIDS

73. INTERSECTING SOLIDS

74. PERSPECTIVE PROJECTION
TOPIC 5

75. Horizontal Plane (HP)
Train Track
Vanishing Point
(VP)
PERSPECTIVE PROJECTION

76. PERSPECTIVE PROJECTION
HP
PP
GL
SPECTATOR ‘S’
A
VP1
VP2HL

77. PERSPECTIVE PROJECTION

78. PERSPECTIVE PROJECTION

79. PERSPECTIVE PROJECTION

80. PERSPECTIVE PROJECTION

81. 35°
AVP
PERSPECTIVE PROJECTION

82. PERSPECTIVE PROJECTION

83. PERSPECTIVE PROJECTION
A
S
DISTANCE
AVP1
DISTANCE
AVP2
Ɵ = 25°
Ɵ = 45°
H
H2

84. PERSPECTIVE PROJECTION

85. CONIC SECTIONS
TOPIC 6

86. CONIC SECTIONS

87. CONIC SECTIONS

88. CONIC SECTIONS

89. CONIC SECTIONS

90. CONIC SECTIONS

91. CONIC SECTIONS

92. CONIC SECTIONS

93. CONIC SECTIONS

94. APPLIED GRAPHICS
EXAM SECTION C

95. GEOLOGIC GEOMETRY
TOPIC 1

96. GEOLOGIC GEOMETRY

97. GEOLOGIC GEOMETRY

98. HL 2018 GEOLOGIC GEOMETRY

99. HL 2018 GEOLOGIC GEOMETRY

100. HL 2017 GEOLOGIC GEOMETRY

101. HL 2017 GEOLOGIC GEOMETRY

102. HL 2016 GEOLOGIC GEOMETRY

103. HL 2016 GEOLOGIC GEOMETRY

104. HL 2015 GEOLOGIC GEOMETRY

105. HL 2015 GEOLOGIC GEOMETRY

106. HL 2014 GEOLOGIC GEOMETRY

107. HL 2014 GEOLOGIC GEOMETRY

108. HL 2013 GEOLOGIC GEOMETRY

109. HL 2013 GEOLOGIC GEOMETRY

110. HL 2012 GEOLOGIC GEOMETRY

111. HL 2012 GEOLOGIC GEOMETRY

112. HL 2011 GEOLOGIC GEOMETRY

113. HL 2011 GEOLOGIC GEOMETRY

114. HL 2010

115. HL 2010 GEOLOGIC GEOMETRY

116. HL 2009 GEOLOGIC GEOMETRY

117. HL 2009 GEOLOGIC GEOMETRY

118. STRUCTURAL FORMS
TOPIC 2

119. 1
2
3
4 1
2
3
4
1
2
3
4
1
2
3
4
STRUCTURAL FORMS
HYPERBOLIC PARABOLOID

120. STRUCTURAL FORMS
150
100
60
15
HYPERBOLIC PARABOLOID

121. 1
2
3
4 1
2
3
4
1
2
3
4 1
2
3
4
STRUCTURAL FORMS
HYPERBOLIC PARABOLOID

122. STRUCTURAL FORMS
HYPERBOLIC PARABOLOID

123. STRUCTURAL FORMS
0 1 2 3 4 5
1
1
0
2
2
3
3
4
4
5
5
HYPERBOLOID OF REVOLUTION

124. STRUCTURAL FORMS
HYPERBOLOID OF REVOLUTION

125. W
H
H
2 1
2
1
STRUCTURAL FORMS
HYPERBOLIC PARABOLOID TRANSLATION

126. H1
H2
H1
H2
W1
W2
W1
W2
W
H
H
W
STRUCTURAL FORMS
HYPERBOLIC PARABOLOID TRANSLATION

127. SURFACE GEOMETRY
TOPIC 3

128. SURFACE GEOMETRY

129. SURFACE GEOMETRY

130. θ
SURFACE GEOMETRY

131. θ
θ
SURFACE GEOMETRY

132. θ
w
w
SURFACE GEOMETRY

133. SURFACE GEOMETRY

134. θ
θ
P
P
SURFACE GEOMETRY

135. Ɵ
SURFACE GEOMETRY
TRANSITION PIECE DEVELOPMENT

136. MISCELLANEOUS
MULTIPLE TOPIC

137. A B
A
C
B
A B
1
2
3
4
5
FIRST PRINCIPLES

138. AREA OF FIGURES

139. A B
C
E
D
B1
C1
D1
E1
ENLARGEMENT AB → AB1 TWO-THIRDS REDUCTION OF
OBJECT
125
AREA OF FIGURES

140. X
VERTICAL
PLANE (VP)
VIEW = FRONT ELEVATION
HORIZONTAL
PLANE (HP)
VIEW = PLAN
Y
ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTION:
UNDERSTANDING PLANES
AUXILIARY
VERTICAL PLANE (VP)
VIEW = END ELEVATION
Z
VERTICAL
PLANE (VP)
HORIZONTAL
PLANE (HP)
AUXILIARY
VERTICAL
PLANE (VP)
X Y
ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTION
1. KNOW AND UNDERSTAND VERTICAL,
HORIZONTAL AND AUXILIARY VERTICAL
PLANES
2. KNOW HOW TO POSITION AND SET UP
FOR ORTHOGRAPHIC
3. DEVELOP NECESSARY VISUAL SKILSS
TO ACCOMMODATE UNDERSTANDING
OF DIFFERENT ORTHOGRAPHIC VIEWS
4. KNOW HOW TO DRAW AN ELEVATION,
PLAN AND END VIEW USING FIRST
ANGLE PROJECTION
5. APPLICATION OF SUITABLE
DRAUGHTING SKILLS, FOR EXAMPLE
CONSTRUCTION LINES AND DEFINED
LINES
6. APPLICATION OF APPROPRIATE
DIMENSIONS
7. COMPLETION OF VIEWS USING
ANNOTATION
ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTION

141. AUXILIARY ELEVATION
VIEWING DIRECTION = 30°
H1
H2
H3
X Y
1
2
3
4
10
5
6
7
8
9
11
12
13
14
15
16
14, 2
13, 1 16, 5
15, 6
9, 8
10, 7
12, 4
11, 3
13, 14 16, 15
1, 2
5, 6
9, 10
12, 11
8, 7
4, 3
A
Larry the
Lego Man

142. AUXILIARY ELEVATION
VIEWING
DIRECTION30°
H1
H2
ELEVATION
PLAN
DIVIDE 60º/30º
X Y

143. AUXILIARY PLAN
D
W1
W2

144. PLAN
ELEVATION
SURFACE DEVELOPMENT OF DICE
DEVELOPING THE SURFACES
OF A CUBE
DEVELOPMENTS

145. 0
1
3
2
4
5
9
8
7
6
10
11
W
0 1 32 4 5 9876 10 11 0
DEVELOPING THE SURFACES
OF A CYLINDER
DEVELOPMENTS

146. DEVELOPING THE SURFACES
OF A CONE
0
1
3
2
4
5
9
8
7
6
10
11
TL
0
1
2
3
4
5
0
9
8
7
6
10
11
DEVELOPMENTS

147. 3
4
5
6
2
1
0
BACK SIDESIDE
BASE
FRONT
1
3
4
5
6
LID
0
2
DEVELOPING MULTIPLE
SURFACES
DEVELOPMENTS

148. SOLIDS IN CONTACT

149. pc
pc pc
pc
pc
SOLIDS IN CONTACT
FIND SPHERE IN POSITION ‘C’ WITH R=20 TO TOUCH CONE ‘A’ AND CYLINDER ‘B’.
R=35 R=25
110
90A
A
B
B
C
SOLIDS IN CONTACT

150. W
SOLIDS IN CONTACT

151. SOLIDS IN CONTACT

152. SURFACE ROTATION

153. AXONOMETRIC PROJECTION

154. AXONOMETRIC PROJECTION

155. ELLIPSE, PARABOLA & CIRCLES