Download the original presentation for animation and clear understanding. This Presentation describes the concepts of Engineering Drawing of VTU Syllabus. However same can also be used for learning drawing concepts. Please write to me for suggestions and criticisms here: hareeshang@gmail.com or visit this website for more details: www.hareeshang.wikifoundry.com.

1. 12/18/13
Hareesha N G, DSCE, Bengaluru
1

2. DRAWINGS:
( A Graphical Representation)
The Fact about:
If compared with Verbal or Written Description,
Drawings offer far better idea about the Shape, Size & Appearance of
any object or situation or location, that too in quite a less time.
Hence it has become the Best Media of Communication
not only in Engineering but in almost all Fields.
12/18/13
Hareesha N G, DSCE, Blore
2

3. Drawings
(Some Types)
Portraits
( human faces,
expressions etc.)
Botanical Drawings
( plants, flowers etc.)
Nature Drawings
( landscape,
Geographical
scenery etc.)
Drawings
( maps etc.)
Zoological Drawings
(creatures, animals etc.)
Engineering Drawings,
(projections.)
Building Related Drawings.
Machine component Drawings
Orthographic Projections
Isometric ( Mech.Engg.Term.)
or Perspective(Civil Engg.Term)
(Actual Object Drawing 3-D)
(Fv,Tv & Sv.-Mech.Engg terms)
(Plan, Elevation- Civil Engg.terms)
(Working Drawings 2-D type)
12/18/13
Hareesha N G, DSCE, Blore
3

4. ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTIONS:
It is a technical drawing in which different views of an object
Are projected on different reference planes
observing perpendicular to respective reference plane
Different Reference planes are
Horizontal Plane (HP),
Vertical Frontal Plane ( VP )
Side Or Profile Plane ( PP)
And
Different Views are Front View (FV), Top View (TV) and Side View (SV)
FV is a view projected on VP.
TV is a view projected on HP.
SV is a view projected on PP.
IMPORTANT TERMS OF ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTIONS:
Planes.
Pattern of planes & Pattern of views
Methods of drawing Orthographic Projections
1
2
3
12/18/13
Hareesha N G, DSCE, Blore
4

5. PLANES
1
PRINCIPAL PLANES
HP AND VP
AUXILIARY PLANES
Auxiliary Vertical Plane
(A.V.P.)

A.V.P.
⊥ to Hp & ∠ to Vp
12/18/13
Auxiliary Inclined Plane
(A.I.P.)
A.I
.P
⊥t
oV
& p
∠t
oH
p
Profile Plane
( P.P.)
.

Hareesha N G, DSCE, Blore
5

6. 2
PATTERN OF PLANES & VIEWS (First Angle Method)
This is a pictorial set-up of all three planes.
Arrow direction is a normal way of observing the object.
But in this direction only VP and a view on it (fv) can be seen.
The other planes and views on those can not be seen.
Y
PROCEDURE TO SOLVE ABOVE PROBLEM:TO MAKE THOSE PLANES ALSO VISIBLE FROM THE ARROW DIRECTION,
A) HP IS ROTATED 900 DOUNWARD
B) PP, 900 IN RIGHT SIDE DIRECTION.
THIS WAY BOTH PLANES ARE BROUGHT IN THE SAME PLANE CONTAINING VP.
X
Click to view Animation
On clicking the button if a warning comes please click YES to continue, this program is
safe for your pc.
PP
VP
Y
FV
LSV
Y
X
X
TV
HP
HP IS ROTATED DOWNWARD 900
12/18/13
AND
BROUGHT IN THE PLANE OF VP.
PP IS ROTATED IN RIGHT SIDE 90
Hareesha N G, DSCE, Blore
AND
BROUGHT IN THE PLANE OF VP.
0
ACTUAL PATTERN OF PLANES & VIEWS
OF ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTIONS
DRAWN IN
6
FIRST ANGLE METHOD OF PROJECTIONS

7. 3
Methods of Drawing Orthographic Projections
First Angle Projections Method
Here views are drawn
by placing object
Third Angle Projections Method
Here views are drawn
by placing object
in 3rd Quadrant.
in 1st Quadrant
( Fv above X-y, Tv below X-y )
(
SYMBOLIC
PRESENTATION
OF BOTH METHODS
WITH AN OBJECT
STANDING ON HP ( GROUND)
ON IT’S BASE.
FV
X
TV
12/18/13
Y
Tv above X-y, Fv below X-y )
NOTE:HP term is used in 1st Angle method
&
For the same
Ground term DSCE, Blore
is used
Hareesha N G,
in 3rd Angle method of projections
TV
X
Y
FV
G
L
7

8. FIRST ANGLE
PROJECTION
FOR T.V.
IN THIS METHOD,
THE OBJECT IS ASSUMED TO BE
SITUATED IN FIRST QUADRANT
MEANS
ABOVE HP & INFRONT OF VP.
OBJECT IS INBETWEEN
OBSERVER & PLANE.
PP
VP
FV
LSV
Y
X
R
FO
.
.V
S
FO
R
F.V
.
TV
HP
ACTUAL PATTERN OF
PLANES & VIEWS
IN
FIRST ANGLE METHOD
12/18/13
OF PROJECTIONS
Hareesha N G, DSCE, Blore
8

9. THIRD ANGLE
PROJECTION
FOR T.V.
IN THIS METHOD,
THE OBJECT IS ASSUMED TO BE
SITUATED IN THIRD QUADRANT
( BELOW HP & BEHIND OF VP. )
PLANES BEING TRANSPERENT
AND INBETWEEN
OBSERVER & OBJECT.
TV
X
Y
LSV
FV
ACTUAL PATTERN OF
PLANES & VIEWS
OF
THIRD ANGLE PROJECTIONS
12/18/13
R
FO
.
.V
S
Hareesha N G, DSCE, Blore
FO
R
F.V
.
9

10. ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTIONS
OF POINTS, LINES, PLANES, AND SOLIDS.
To draw projections of any object, One must have
ollowing information
A) OBJECT
{ WITH IT’S DESCRIPTION, WELL DEFINED.}
B) OBSERVER
{ ALWAYS OBSERVING PERPENDICULAR TO RESP. REF.PLANE}.
C) LOCATION OF OBJECT,
{ MEANS IT’S POSITION WITH REFFERENCE TO H.P. & V.P.}
Terms ‘above’ & ‘below’ with respective to H.P.
And terms ‘infront’ & ‘behind’ with respective to V.P
Form 4 quadrants.
Objects can be placed in any one of these 4 quadrants.
.
12/18/13
Hareesha N G, DSCE, Blore
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11. NOTATIONS
FOLLOWING NOTATIONS SHOULD BE FOLLOWED WHILE NAMEING
DIFFERENT VIEWS IN ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTIONS.
OBJECT
POINT A
LINE AB
IT’S TOP VIEW
a
ab
IT’S FRONT VIEW
a’
a’ b’
IT’S SIDE VIEW
a”
a” b”
SAME SYSTEM OF NOTATIONS SHOULD BE FOLLOWED
INCASE NUMBERS, LIKE 1, 2, 3 – ARE USED.
12/18/13
Hareesha N G, DSCE, Blore
11

12. VP
2
nd
Quad.
1ST Quad.
Y
Observer
HP
X Y
X
3rd Quad.
4th Quad.
This quadrant pattern, If observed along x-y line ( in red arrow
direction) Will exactly appear as shown on right side and hence,
It is further used to understand illustration properly.
12/18/13
Hareesha N G, DSCE, Blore
12

13. Point A is
Placed In
different
quadrants
and it’s Fv & Tv
are brought in
same plane for
Observer to see
clearly.
Fv is visible as
it is a view on
VP. But as Tv is
is a view on Hp,
it is rotated
downward 900,
In clockwise
direction.The
In front part of
Hp comes below
xy line and the
part behind Vp
comes above.
Observe and
note the
process.
12/18/13
POINT A IN
2ND QUADRANT
A
POINT A IN
1ST QUADRANT
VP
a’
VP
a’
A
a
HP
HP
OBSERVER
OBSERVER
a
a
HP
HP
A
POINT A IN
RD
3 QUADRANT
OBSERVER
OBSERVER
a
a’
a’
VP
VP
Hareesha N G, DSCE, Blore
A
POINT A IN
4TH QUADRANT
13

14. PROJECTIONS OF A POINT IN FIRST QUADRANT.
POINT A ABOVE HP
& INFRONT OF VP
For Tv
For Tv
PICTORIAL
PRESENTATION
a’
A
Y
X
POINT A IN HP
& INFRONT OF VP
POINT A ABOVE HP
& IN VP
a’
A
Y
For
Fv
For
Fv
Y
a’
a
X
X
a
For Tv
PICTORIAL
PRESENTATION
A
a
For
Fv
ORTHOGRAPHIC PRESENTATIONS
OF ALL ABOVE CASES.
Fv above xy,
Tv below xy.
Fv above xy,
Tv on xy.
VP
Fv on xy,
Tv below xy.
VP
a’
X
VP
a’
Y
X
a
Y
a’
X
a
a
HP
12/18/13
Y
HP
Hareesha N G, DSCE, Blore
HP
14