Iraq
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The document discusses several key events in Iraq's history including foreign occupations from the 1600s to 2003, the main ethnic and religious groups, and Saddam Hussein's rise to power in 1979. It also summarizes US involvement in Iraq including the 1991 Gulf War to liberate Kuwait after Iraq's invasion, establishing no-fly zones, and the 2003 war launched under the rationales of WMDs and terrorism links that ultimately proved false. Main post-war issues in Iraq centered around government, security, economy, and the 2011 US troop withdrawal.
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![Foreign Occupation of Iraq ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]](data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7)
Recommended
Gulf war presentation
Presentation on conflict that occurred between Iraq and UN\NATO\USA, due to Iraq's invasion in Kuwait.
Provides background on Geopolitics and proves that wars occur mostly for the resources
Iraq war
The relationship between Iraq and Kuwait worsened due to three main factors:
1. Iraq's struggling economy after the costly Iran-Iraq war led to massive debts that it wanted to pay off from oil revenues.
2. Kuwait and UAE increased oil production in violation of OPEC quotas, causing oil prices to plummet and Iraq to lose $1 billion in oil sales revenue per price drop.
3. A territorial dispute centered around the jointly owned Rumaila Oilfield along an unclearly defined border inherited from Britain.
Gulf war
1) Iraq invaded Kuwait in 1990 due to disputes over oil production quotas set by OPEC, war debt from the Iran-Iraq war, and territorial claims.
2) The US led a coalition of forces to defend Saudi Arabia and force Iraq's withdrawal from Kuwait. This resulted in military action known as Operation Desert Storm.
3) The invasion and subsequent conflict had severe humanitarian and environmental impacts across Iraq and Kuwait and displaced millions of people across the region. It also damaged Iraq's military and international standing.
Social Studies - The 1990 Iraq-Kuwait War
Subscribe to my education channel.
bit.ly/gohbangrui
These slides introduce Chapter 1: 1990 Iraq-Kuwait War to the Secondary 4 students who are studying Social Studies for the Singapore current syllabus.
These slides are divided into 4 areas.
1. Why we study this for Singapore Social Studies? [Slide 15]
2. Basic Events of the War [Slide 19]
3. Causes of the War [Slide 37]
4. Impacts of the War [Slide 64]
Any feedback is welcome.
You can also watch the flipped video for the first three parts of the lesson using the below link.
http://bit.ly/iraqkuwaitwar
Persian gulf war,etc
The United States has had significant political and economic interests in the Middle East for over a century due to large oil supplies in the region that are important for the US energy supply. This led the US to join a UN coalition to expel Iraq from Kuwait in the 1990 Gulf War after Iraq invaded to control Kuwait's oil. Subsequently, the US invaded Afghanistan in 2001 to defeat al-Qaeda and the Taliban government that supported it following 9/11, and invaded Iraq in 2003 over claims Iraq had WMDs and ties to terrorism. US troops remain engaged in both countries today.
Iraq
The document provides a brief history of Iraq, noting that Shia Muslims make up the majority in Iraq despite most of the world's Muslims being Sunni. It describes how Saddam Hussein, a Sunni, oppressed the Shia and Kurds during his rule from 1979. Iraq invaded Iran in 1980 and the US supported Iraq in the war, which ended in a draw. In 1990, Iraq invaded Kuwait for control of their oil reserves, leading the US to intervene on Kuwait's behalf in the Persian Gulf War. In 2003, the US invaded Iraq due to suspicions of weapons of mass destruction, overthrew Saddam Hussein, and established a new democratic government with Shia Muslims in control.
Persian Gulf War
The Persian Gulf War began in August 1990 when Iraq invaded Kuwait, claiming Kuwait was stealing Iraqi oil and territory. Iraq's leader Saddam Hussein expected the US and Saudi Arabia would not intervene. However, the US led a coalition of forces to defend Saudi Arabia and liberate Kuwait under Operation Desert Shield. In January 1991, the US-led coalition launched a massive air campaign called Operation Desert Storm targeting Iraqi forces and infrastructure. After weeks of aerial bombardment and missile attacks, a short ground invasion by US-led forces in February 1991 crushed the Iraqi army and liberated Kuwait within 100 hours, with minimal allied casualties. The war re-established US credibility and intervention in the region.
Petrodollar
Oil prices are measured in US Dollars. As USA is the biggest importer of oil, Saudi Arabia agreed to sell all of their oil in US Dollars only because if USA stopped importing oil, oil prices would crash, thus slashing a huge source of Saudi Arabia’s income.
Recommended
Gulf war presentation
Presentation on conflict that occurred between Iraq and UN\NATO\USA, due to Iraq's invasion in Kuwait.
Provides background on Geopolitics and proves that wars occur mostly for the resources
Iraq war
The relationship between Iraq and Kuwait worsened due to three main factors:
1. Iraq's struggling economy after the costly Iran-Iraq war led to massive debts that it wanted to pay off from oil revenues.
2. Kuwait and UAE increased oil production in violation of OPEC quotas, causing oil prices to plummet and Iraq to lose $1 billion in oil sales revenue per price drop.
3. A territorial dispute centered around the jointly owned Rumaila Oilfield along an unclearly defined border inherited from Britain.
Gulf war
1) Iraq invaded Kuwait in 1990 due to disputes over oil production quotas set by OPEC, war debt from the Iran-Iraq war, and territorial claims.
2) The US led a coalition of forces to defend Saudi Arabia and force Iraq's withdrawal from Kuwait. This resulted in military action known as Operation Desert Storm.
3) The invasion and subsequent conflict had severe humanitarian and environmental impacts across Iraq and Kuwait and displaced millions of people across the region. It also damaged Iraq's military and international standing.
Social Studies - The 1990 Iraq-Kuwait War
Subscribe to my education channel.
bit.ly/gohbangrui
These slides introduce Chapter 1: 1990 Iraq-Kuwait War to the Secondary 4 students who are studying Social Studies for the Singapore current syllabus.
These slides are divided into 4 areas.
1. Why we study this for Singapore Social Studies? [Slide 15]
2. Basic Events of the War [Slide 19]
3. Causes of the War [Slide 37]
4. Impacts of the War [Slide 64]
Any feedback is welcome.
You can also watch the flipped video for the first three parts of the lesson using the below link.
http://bit.ly/iraqkuwaitwar
Persian gulf war,etc
The United States has had significant political and economic interests in the Middle East for over a century due to large oil supplies in the region that are important for the US energy supply. This led the US to join a UN coalition to expel Iraq from Kuwait in the 1990 Gulf War after Iraq invaded to control Kuwait's oil. Subsequently, the US invaded Afghanistan in 2001 to defeat al-Qaeda and the Taliban government that supported it following 9/11, and invaded Iraq in 2003 over claims Iraq had WMDs and ties to terrorism. US troops remain engaged in both countries today.
Iraq
The document provides a brief history of Iraq, noting that Shia Muslims make up the majority in Iraq despite most of the world's Muslims being Sunni. It describes how Saddam Hussein, a Sunni, oppressed the Shia and Kurds during his rule from 1979. Iraq invaded Iran in 1980 and the US supported Iraq in the war, which ended in a draw. In 1990, Iraq invaded Kuwait for control of their oil reserves, leading the US to intervene on Kuwait's behalf in the Persian Gulf War. In 2003, the US invaded Iraq due to suspicions of weapons of mass destruction, overthrew Saddam Hussein, and established a new democratic government with Shia Muslims in control.
Persian Gulf War
The Persian Gulf War began in August 1990 when Iraq invaded Kuwait, claiming Kuwait was stealing Iraqi oil and territory. Iraq's leader Saddam Hussein expected the US and Saudi Arabia would not intervene. However, the US led a coalition of forces to defend Saudi Arabia and liberate Kuwait under Operation Desert Shield. In January 1991, the US-led coalition launched a massive air campaign called Operation Desert Storm targeting Iraqi forces and infrastructure. After weeks of aerial bombardment and missile attacks, a short ground invasion by US-led forces in February 1991 crushed the Iraqi army and liberated Kuwait within 100 hours, with minimal allied casualties. The war re-established US credibility and intervention in the region.
Petrodollar
Oil prices are measured in US Dollars. As USA is the biggest importer of oil, Saudi Arabia agreed to sell all of their oil in US Dollars only because if USA stopped importing oil, oil prices would crash, thus slashing a huge source of Saudi Arabia’s income.
3, results of the gulf war
The Gulf War resulted in a successful military operation that removed Iraqi forces from Kuwait and restored the Al-Sabah family to power. However, it did little to bring stability to the Middle East. While allied casualties were low, Iraqi casualties were estimated to be between 20,000-200,000 deaths. Iraq's infrastructure and environment suffered extensive damage. The war strengthened US influence in the region but also increased anti-American sentiment in some Muslim communities. It failed to remove Saddam Hussein from power in Iraq.
Sec4 express chapter1(managing peace & security-iraq&kuwait)lect2
Here are some reflection questions to consider:
- Briefly describe one reaction to the Iraq invasion of Kuwait: The Arab League voted to condemn Iraq's actions and withdraw support, but some members did not support this vote, showing divisions in responses.
- What were the categories of impacts of the Iraq-Kuwait War: Impacts on Kuwait, Iraq, the region/environment, and internationally.
- What was the UN's role in the Iraq-Kuwait War? The UN passed resolutions demanding withdrawal and instituted economic sanctions in an effort to force withdrawal, giving legitimacy to the military intervention.
- Is this war an example of how UN is successful in managing peace and stability? It shows both success, by must
Petro dollar System
After World War 2, the US emerged as the dominant economic power due to its large gold reserves. In 1944, the Bretton Woods agreement established the US dollar as the currency to trade gold, backed by the US gold reserves. This created strong global demand for the US dollar. However, by 1971 rising US debt and spending on the Vietnam War depleted US gold reserves. In response, President Nixon ended dollar convertibility to gold, disrupting the global monetary system. To maintain demand for the dollar, the US negotiated an agreement where OPEC would sell oil using only the US dollar, establishing the "petrodollar" system and securing the dollar's status as the world's reserve currency.
Iraq and iran
After World War I, Britain established Iraq and installed a ruler friendly to them. In the 1950s, this ruler was overthrown by military leaders. In 1979, Saddam Hussein took control of Iraq and was a harsh ruler who limited freedoms and executed political enemies. Iraq invaded Iran in the 1980s, leading to a long and devastating war that killed hundreds of thousands on both sides. In 1990, Iraq invaded Kuwait, leading to the Persian Gulf War in which a US-led coalition drove Iraqi forces out of Kuwait in 1991.
The Gulf War
The Gulf War began in August 1990 when Iraq invaded Kuwait, led by Saddam Hussein. In response, a US-led coalition known as Operation Desert Shield was formed to defend Saudi Arabia. After diplomatic efforts failed, Operation Desert Storm was launched in January 1991 to liberate Kuwait. The air campaign bombed Iraqi targets and within 100 hours, the coalition forces drove Iraqi troops from Kuwait. Iraq agreed to a ceasefire on February 28th, 1991, ending the Gulf War.
Petrodollar system
1) In the 1970s, Saudi Arabia agreed to price all of its oil sales in U.S. dollars, requiring other countries to use dollars to purchase Saudi oil. This created global demand for U.S. dollars and allowed the U.S. to print money without causing inflation.
2) The petrodollar system benefited the U.S. economy by increasing demand for U.S. dollars and allowing the U.S. to purchase oil using a currency it could print. It also benefited OPEC countries through weapons, military aid, and protection from Israel.
3) Other countries had to obtain U.S. dollars to purchase oil, forcing them to trade with the U.S
Petro Dollar
Petrodollars refer to US dollars earned by oil-exporting countries through oil sales. In the 1970s, OPEC countries agreed to price oil in dollars, recycling petrodollars through US investments. This benefited the US by increasing the global role of the dollar. However, some argue US military actions have been aimed at maintaining the petrodollar system by preventing oil producers like Iraq and Libya from pricing oil in other currencies. The future of the petrodollar may be at risk if China and Russia trade oil in other currencies instead of dollars.
Iran and Iraq War
The document discusses the Iran-Iraq war that occurred from 1980 to 1988. It was the longest 20th century war, lasting nearly 9 years, and was triggered by ethnic, religious, economic, and territorial conflicts between Iran and Iraq. The war began when Iraq invaded Iran by air in September 1980. Both sides suffered enormous casualties and economic losses over the nearly decade long conflict that ended with a 1988 ceasefire.
Petro dollar & gold
The document discusses the history and implications of the petrodollar system. It explains that in the 1970s, OPEC agreed to price oil in US dollars, and invest surplus profits in US treasury bonds, in exchange for military protection. This created consistent global demand for US dollars and debt. Countries like Iraq and Libya later sought to challenge the petrodollar by pricing oil in euros, which US opposed through military force. Iran, Russia, India and others also took steps to reduce reliance on the US dollar for oil transactions. The future of the petrodollar system and US dollar dominance is uncertain as alternatives emerge.
The gulf war
The Gulf War was a U.N authorized coalition force led by the U.S. against Iraq in 1990-1991 after Iraq invaded Kuwait. Iraq was deeply in debt to Kuwait after the costly Iran-Iraq War and invaded Kuwait on August 2nd, 1990 after Kuwait refused to cancel Iraq's debts. The U.S.-led coalition included forces from 34 countries which launched a massive air and ground assault driving Iraqi forces out of Kuwait and imposing a ceasefire. The war had both immediate impacts like destabilizing Iraq's economy and long term effects such as major environmental damage and health issues for veterans.
Iran – Iraq war
Summary of:
Walsh, BEN "IGCSE Modern World History" (Hodder Education - 2013)
Cantrell, Smith, Smith, Ennion "20th Century History for Cambridge IGCSE" (Oxford University Press - 2013)
Google Images
gulf war
- In August 1990, Iraq invaded Kuwait which led the U.S. to launch Operation Desert Shield to protect Saudi Arabia. In January 1991, the U.S. led a coalition in Operation Desert Storm that began an aerial bombing campaign against Iraq and drove its forces from Kuwait in a brief ground assault. The war ended in February 1991 after Iraq's defeat and agreement to a ceasefire.
KCL MUN 2012-03-06 Iran-Iraq War — Presentation
The Iran-Iraq war lasted from 1980 to 1988 and resulted in massive casualties for both sides. [1] Key causes of the conflict included religious differences between the majority Shia population of Iran and the Sunni leadership of Iraq, as well as territorial disputes over the Shatt al-Arab waterway and oil-rich Khuzestan province. [2] Iraq invaded Iran in 1980 hoping to take advantage of political chaos, but Iran pushed back and regained lost territory by 1982, leading to a prolonged war of attrition. [3] International support was mixed, with the US backing Iraq and the Soviet Union supporting Iran. The war ended in a ceasefire in 1988 after massive losses on both sides and international
Erkin YURDAKUL (GULF WAR - FRICTION AND FOG OF WAR)
The Gulf War was an international conflict triggered by Iraq's invasion of Kuwait in August 1990 over disputes about oil fields. The US formed a coalition including Arab nations to force Iraq's withdrawal from Kuwait. When Iraq missed a UN deadline, the coalition launched a massive air offensive and quick ground invasion, resulting in high Iraqi casualties and environmental damage. The war ended Iraq's ambitions in the region but its compliance with disarmament terms would continue to be an issue.
Origins of the War on Terror
The document provides background on the origins of the War on Terror leading up to 9/11. It discusses the Cold War between the US and USSR, the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan which led to the US training mujahideen fighters like Osama Bin Laden. After the Soviets withdrew, Afghanistan descended into civil war. Bin Laden formed Al Qaeda and the Taliban rose to power in Afghanistan, hosting Al Qaeda training camps. Al Qaeda launched several attacks against US interests in the 1990s, leading up to the 9/11 attacks where they hijacked and crashed four planes in a coordinated terrorist attack that killed nearly 3,000 people.
Iraq war
The document provides a historical overview of Iraq, including its ancient civilizations and successive empires that ruled over the region. It discusses Iraq's establishment as a monarchy in 1921 and gaining independence from Britain in 1932. Key events covered include the Ba'ath Party rise to power in 1968, the US-led invasion in 2003 that overthrew Saddam Hussein, and the establishment of an interim Iraqi government in 2004. The document also summarizes several conflicts involving Iraq such as the Iran-Iraq War, the Gulf War after Iraq's invasion of Kuwait, and the US war in Iraq from 2003-2011.
Iran iraq
The Iranian Revolution began in 1978 as discontent with the Western-backed Shah erupted in demonstrations. Ayatollah Khomeini emerged as a leader of the opposition and helped establish an Islamic republic after the Shah fled in 1979. In 1980, Iraq invaded Iran starting the Iran-Iraq War in an attempt to gain control of a waterway, but neither side achieved major territorial gains before a ceasefire. Relations between the U.S. and Iran remain tense today due to ongoing disputes dating back to the 1979 revolution and subsequent hostage crisis.
War in Iraq lecture with video links
The document provides historical context on Iraq, including:
- Iraq has been home to ancient civilizations along the Tigris and Euphrates rivers for millennia.
- Saddam Hussein rose to power in 1979 and led Iraq until 2003, engaging in wars with Iran and invading Kuwait.
- The U.S. invaded Iraq in 2003 under George W. Bush seeking to dismantle Saddam Hussein's regime and weapons of mass destruction, but faced instability and insurgency thereafter.
Iran iraq
The document provides background information on the Iran-Iraq war that occurred from 1980-1988. It discusses the key players of Iran and Iraq, reasons for the conflict, the timeline of major events, and the involvement and stances of other countries like the US. The US initially pursued a two-track policy of supporting Iraq while also secretly supplying arms to Iran, in an attempt to prolong the war and weaken both sides.
The Persian Gulf War
The document is a slideshow from an AOL News article remembering the Persian Gulf War 20 years later. It contains photos from the war, including President Bush discussing the deployment of US troops, Saddam Hussein as Iraq's president, explosions in Baghdad in 1990, anti-war protesters in Washington D.C. in 1991, Iraqi soldiers surrendering to US troops, aerial views of Iraq, Iraqi prisoners of war being escorted by helicopter, and liberated Kuwaiti citizens celebrating.
Militarybases2007
The document discusses the geopolitical motivations and impacts of the United States establishing new military bases around the world since the end of the Cold War. It argues that the US uses its military strength to establish spheres of influence and counter the rise of economic rivals like Europe and China. New bases have been established through wars in the Gulf, Yugoslavia, Afghanistan, and Iraq, allowing the US to project power over regions with strategic resources like oil. However, maintaining global bases networks long-term risks overextension and increased anti-American sentiment.
WAR IRAQ VS KWAIT
The document discusses US foreign policy and involvement in various conflicts over several decades. It summarizes the US's two-track policy of supporting both Iran and Iraq during the Iran-Iraq war to prolong the conflict. It also discusses the US initially giving Saddam Hussein the impression it would not intervene in Iraq's invasion of Kuwait but then leading a coalition against Iraq. The document provides timelines of US involvement in Afghanistan, including supporting mujahideen groups and the emergence of the Taliban, as well as interventions in other countries like Indonesia, Philippines and Venezuela.
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3, results of the gulf war
The Gulf War resulted in a successful military operation that removed Iraqi forces from Kuwait and restored the Al-Sabah family to power. However, it did little to bring stability to the Middle East. While allied casualties were low, Iraqi casualties were estimated to be between 20,000-200,000 deaths. Iraq's infrastructure and environment suffered extensive damage. The war strengthened US influence in the region but also increased anti-American sentiment in some Muslim communities. It failed to remove Saddam Hussein from power in Iraq.
Sec4 express chapter1(managing peace & security-iraq&kuwait)lect2
Here are some reflection questions to consider:
- Briefly describe one reaction to the Iraq invasion of Kuwait: The Arab League voted to condemn Iraq's actions and withdraw support, but some members did not support this vote, showing divisions in responses.
- What were the categories of impacts of the Iraq-Kuwait War: Impacts on Kuwait, Iraq, the region/environment, and internationally.
- What was the UN's role in the Iraq-Kuwait War? The UN passed resolutions demanding withdrawal and instituted economic sanctions in an effort to force withdrawal, giving legitimacy to the military intervention.
- Is this war an example of how UN is successful in managing peace and stability? It shows both success, by must
Petro dollar System
After World War 2, the US emerged as the dominant economic power due to its large gold reserves. In 1944, the Bretton Woods agreement established the US dollar as the currency to trade gold, backed by the US gold reserves. This created strong global demand for the US dollar. However, by 1971 rising US debt and spending on the Vietnam War depleted US gold reserves. In response, President Nixon ended dollar convertibility to gold, disrupting the global monetary system. To maintain demand for the dollar, the US negotiated an agreement where OPEC would sell oil using only the US dollar, establishing the "petrodollar" system and securing the dollar's status as the world's reserve currency.
Iraq and iran
After World War I, Britain established Iraq and installed a ruler friendly to them. In the 1950s, this ruler was overthrown by military leaders. In 1979, Saddam Hussein took control of Iraq and was a harsh ruler who limited freedoms and executed political enemies. Iraq invaded Iran in the 1980s, leading to a long and devastating war that killed hundreds of thousands on both sides. In 1990, Iraq invaded Kuwait, leading to the Persian Gulf War in which a US-led coalition drove Iraqi forces out of Kuwait in 1991.
The Gulf War
The Gulf War began in August 1990 when Iraq invaded Kuwait, led by Saddam Hussein. In response, a US-led coalition known as Operation Desert Shield was formed to defend Saudi Arabia. After diplomatic efforts failed, Operation Desert Storm was launched in January 1991 to liberate Kuwait. The air campaign bombed Iraqi targets and within 100 hours, the coalition forces drove Iraqi troops from Kuwait. Iraq agreed to a ceasefire on February 28th, 1991, ending the Gulf War.
Petrodollar system
1) In the 1970s, Saudi Arabia agreed to price all of its oil sales in U.S. dollars, requiring other countries to use dollars to purchase Saudi oil. This created global demand for U.S. dollars and allowed the U.S. to print money without causing inflation.
2) The petrodollar system benefited the U.S. economy by increasing demand for U.S. dollars and allowing the U.S. to purchase oil using a currency it could print. It also benefited OPEC countries through weapons, military aid, and protection from Israel.
3) Other countries had to obtain U.S. dollars to purchase oil, forcing them to trade with the U.S
Petro Dollar
Petrodollars refer to US dollars earned by oil-exporting countries through oil sales. In the 1970s, OPEC countries agreed to price oil in dollars, recycling petrodollars through US investments. This benefited the US by increasing the global role of the dollar. However, some argue US military actions have been aimed at maintaining the petrodollar system by preventing oil producers like Iraq and Libya from pricing oil in other currencies. The future of the petrodollar may be at risk if China and Russia trade oil in other currencies instead of dollars.
Iran and Iraq War
The document discusses the Iran-Iraq war that occurred from 1980 to 1988. It was the longest 20th century war, lasting nearly 9 years, and was triggered by ethnic, religious, economic, and territorial conflicts between Iran and Iraq. The war began when Iraq invaded Iran by air in September 1980. Both sides suffered enormous casualties and economic losses over the nearly decade long conflict that ended with a 1988 ceasefire.
Petro dollar & gold
The document discusses the history and implications of the petrodollar system. It explains that in the 1970s, OPEC agreed to price oil in US dollars, and invest surplus profits in US treasury bonds, in exchange for military protection. This created consistent global demand for US dollars and debt. Countries like Iraq and Libya later sought to challenge the petrodollar by pricing oil in euros, which US opposed through military force. Iran, Russia, India and others also took steps to reduce reliance on the US dollar for oil transactions. The future of the petrodollar system and US dollar dominance is uncertain as alternatives emerge.
The gulf war
The Gulf War was a U.N authorized coalition force led by the U.S. against Iraq in 1990-1991 after Iraq invaded Kuwait. Iraq was deeply in debt to Kuwait after the costly Iran-Iraq War and invaded Kuwait on August 2nd, 1990 after Kuwait refused to cancel Iraq's debts. The U.S.-led coalition included forces from 34 countries which launched a massive air and ground assault driving Iraqi forces out of Kuwait and imposing a ceasefire. The war had both immediate impacts like destabilizing Iraq's economy and long term effects such as major environmental damage and health issues for veterans.
Iran – Iraq war
Summary of:
Walsh, BEN "IGCSE Modern World History" (Hodder Education - 2013)
Cantrell, Smith, Smith, Ennion "20th Century History for Cambridge IGCSE" (Oxford University Press - 2013)
Google Images
gulf war
- In August 1990, Iraq invaded Kuwait which led the U.S. to launch Operation Desert Shield to protect Saudi Arabia. In January 1991, the U.S. led a coalition in Operation Desert Storm that began an aerial bombing campaign against Iraq and drove its forces from Kuwait in a brief ground assault. The war ended in February 1991 after Iraq's defeat and agreement to a ceasefire.
KCL MUN 2012-03-06 Iran-Iraq War — Presentation
The Iran-Iraq war lasted from 1980 to 1988 and resulted in massive casualties for both sides. [1] Key causes of the conflict included religious differences between the majority Shia population of Iran and the Sunni leadership of Iraq, as well as territorial disputes over the Shatt al-Arab waterway and oil-rich Khuzestan province. [2] Iraq invaded Iran in 1980 hoping to take advantage of political chaos, but Iran pushed back and regained lost territory by 1982, leading to a prolonged war of attrition. [3] International support was mixed, with the US backing Iraq and the Soviet Union supporting Iran. The war ended in a ceasefire in 1988 after massive losses on both sides and international
Erkin YURDAKUL (GULF WAR - FRICTION AND FOG OF WAR)
The Gulf War was an international conflict triggered by Iraq's invasion of Kuwait in August 1990 over disputes about oil fields. The US formed a coalition including Arab nations to force Iraq's withdrawal from Kuwait. When Iraq missed a UN deadline, the coalition launched a massive air offensive and quick ground invasion, resulting in high Iraqi casualties and environmental damage. The war ended Iraq's ambitions in the region but its compliance with disarmament terms would continue to be an issue.
Origins of the War on Terror
The document provides background on the origins of the War on Terror leading up to 9/11. It discusses the Cold War between the US and USSR, the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan which led to the US training mujahideen fighters like Osama Bin Laden. After the Soviets withdrew, Afghanistan descended into civil war. Bin Laden formed Al Qaeda and the Taliban rose to power in Afghanistan, hosting Al Qaeda training camps. Al Qaeda launched several attacks against US interests in the 1990s, leading up to the 9/11 attacks where they hijacked and crashed four planes in a coordinated terrorist attack that killed nearly 3,000 people.
Iraq war
The document provides a historical overview of Iraq, including its ancient civilizations and successive empires that ruled over the region. It discusses Iraq's establishment as a monarchy in 1921 and gaining independence from Britain in 1932. Key events covered include the Ba'ath Party rise to power in 1968, the US-led invasion in 2003 that overthrew Saddam Hussein, and the establishment of an interim Iraqi government in 2004. The document also summarizes several conflicts involving Iraq such as the Iran-Iraq War, the Gulf War after Iraq's invasion of Kuwait, and the US war in Iraq from 2003-2011.
Iran iraq
The Iranian Revolution began in 1978 as discontent with the Western-backed Shah erupted in demonstrations. Ayatollah Khomeini emerged as a leader of the opposition and helped establish an Islamic republic after the Shah fled in 1979. In 1980, Iraq invaded Iran starting the Iran-Iraq War in an attempt to gain control of a waterway, but neither side achieved major territorial gains before a ceasefire. Relations between the U.S. and Iran remain tense today due to ongoing disputes dating back to the 1979 revolution and subsequent hostage crisis.
War in Iraq lecture with video links
The document provides historical context on Iraq, including:
- Iraq has been home to ancient civilizations along the Tigris and Euphrates rivers for millennia.
- Saddam Hussein rose to power in 1979 and led Iraq until 2003, engaging in wars with Iran and invading Kuwait.
- The U.S. invaded Iraq in 2003 under George W. Bush seeking to dismantle Saddam Hussein's regime and weapons of mass destruction, but faced instability and insurgency thereafter.
Iran iraq
The document provides background information on the Iran-Iraq war that occurred from 1980-1988. It discusses the key players of Iran and Iraq, reasons for the conflict, the timeline of major events, and the involvement and stances of other countries like the US. The US initially pursued a two-track policy of supporting Iraq while also secretly supplying arms to Iran, in an attempt to prolong the war and weaken both sides.
The Persian Gulf War
The document is a slideshow from an AOL News article remembering the Persian Gulf War 20 years later. It contains photos from the war, including President Bush discussing the deployment of US troops, Saddam Hussein as Iraq's president, explosions in Baghdad in 1990, anti-war protesters in Washington D.C. in 1991, Iraqi soldiers surrendering to US troops, aerial views of Iraq, Iraqi prisoners of war being escorted by helicopter, and liberated Kuwaiti citizens celebrating.
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Sec4 express chapter1(managing peace & security-iraq&kuwait)lect2
Sec4 express chapter1(managing peace & security-iraq&kuwait)lect2
Erkin YURDAKUL (GULF WAR - FRICTION AND FOG OF WAR)
Erkin YURDAKUL (GULF WAR - FRICTION AND FOG OF WAR)
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Militarybases2007
The document discusses the geopolitical motivations and impacts of the United States establishing new military bases around the world since the end of the Cold War. It argues that the US uses its military strength to establish spheres of influence and counter the rise of economic rivals like Europe and China. New bases have been established through wars in the Gulf, Yugoslavia, Afghanistan, and Iraq, allowing the US to project power over regions with strategic resources like oil. However, maintaining global bases networks long-term risks overextension and increased anti-American sentiment.
WAR IRAQ VS KWAIT
The document discusses US foreign policy and involvement in various conflicts over several decades. It summarizes the US's two-track policy of supporting both Iran and Iraq during the Iran-Iraq war to prolong the conflict. It also discusses the US initially giving Saddam Hussein the impression it would not intervene in Iraq's invasion of Kuwait but then leading a coalition against Iraq. The document provides timelines of US involvement in Afghanistan, including supporting mujahideen groups and the emergence of the Taliban, as well as interventions in other countries like Indonesia, Philippines and Venezuela.
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The Iraq War was triggered by the 9/11 terrorist attacks and led by the United States in 2003 in an attempt to maintain international dominance and overthrow Iraqi leader Saddam Hussein. The U.S. failed to properly plan for postwar Iraq, leading to insurgents and instability. Economic sanctions following the Gulf War had already weakened Iraq and left citizens unhappy with Hussein's regime.
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The document discusses criticisms of Christianity and the need for apologetics. It addresses criticisms such as Christianity's incompatibility with science due to miracles, the problem of evil, and biblical contradictions. It defines apologetics as the verbal defense of faith and explains why it is needed to answer questions about Christianity and defend against attacks on it. The document also covers characteristics of Jesus and how the early Roman era provided a favorable environment for the spread of Christianity.
New world translation
The document outlines some of the key beliefs of Christianity and compares them to the beliefs of Jehovah's Witnesses. It notes that Jehovah's Witnesses believe in one God named Jehovah, do not believe in the Trinity, and believe that Jesus was the archangel Michael who had a spiritual rather than physical resurrection. They also believe that only 144,000 people will go to heaven while others will live eternally on a paradise earth, and that the righteous dead simply cease to exist.
Buddhism
1) Siddhartha Gautama was born a prince in 563 BC in India and after witnessing suffering in the world, he left his home to find a way to end suffering. He tried many spiritual practices before achieving enlightenment under the Bodhi tree and becoming Buddha.
2) The core teachings of Buddhism include the Four Noble Truths about the nature of suffering and its cessation, and the Eightfold Path to end suffering through right understanding, thought, speech, action, livelihood, effort, mindfulness, and concentration.
3) Buddhists believe that enlightenment can end the cycle of rebirth and suffering, and that meditation and following Buddhist principles can help one achieve nirvana
Hinduism
Hinduism originated in India around 5000 BC and has no single founder. It is a combination of ancient Indian religious traditions and modern practices. Hinduism believes in an eternal universal soul called Brahman, from which all living things originate and to which they will ultimately return. Hindus seek to escape the cycle of rebirth through moksha by following dharma, achieving good karma, and practicing yoga. The religion has over 100 million gods but especially worships Brahma, Vishnu, and Shiva. Hindus are divided into a caste system and strive for salvation and liberation from samsara through disciplines like jnana, bhakti, karma, and raja yoga.
Islam2
Islam and Christianity share some similarities as Abrahamic faiths that worship the God of Abraham. However, there are also significant differences between the two:
- Christianity believes Jesus is God incarnate, the son of God, and the second person of the Trinity. Islam believes Jesus was a prophet but not divine or the son of God.
- Christianity's central teachings revolve around Jesus' crucifixion and resurrection, which provide salvation and eternal life. Islam does not recognize the crucifixion or Jesus' divine status.
- Christianity's sacred text is the Bible, comprised of the Old and New Testaments. Islam's sacred text is the Quran, believed to be the literal word of God as revealed to
Persian wars
A Greek messenger named Peidippides ran to Sparta to request aid against the invading Persian army led by King Xerxes. King Leonidas led 300 Spartan hoplite soldiers and allied forces to defend a narrow mountain pass using their phalanx formation and naval forces like triremes armed with the incendiary weapon Greek Fire. However, the Persians ultimately overwhelmed the Greeks despite the leadership of statesman Pericles in Athens.
Theseus
King Aegean of Athens was tired of sending 7 boys and 7 girls to Crete every year to be sacrificed to the Minotaur, a half-man half-bull monster. His son Theseus volunteered to go to Crete and try to kill the Minotaur. With help from the princess of Crete, Theseus used a sword and string to navigate the labyrinth and kill the Minotaur, freeing the Greeks from having to sacrifice people. However, on the way home Theseus forgot to change the ship's black sails to white to signal success, and King Aegean believed his son had died and committed suicide by jumping into the sea.
Oracle at delphi
Oracle at Delphi was a priestess at the Temple of Apollo in Delphi, Greece who was believed to transmit prophecies from the god Apollo. People would travel from all over Greece and beyond to consult the Oracle at Delphi on important matters such as important decisions, marriages, and wars. Visitors would approach the Oracle and ask questions while she was seated on a tripod above a fissure from which intoxicating gases arose.
Olympics
The document discusses the results of a study on the impact of climate change on global wheat production. Researchers found that rising temperatures will significantly reduce wheat yields across different regions of the world by the end of the century. Under a high emissions scenario, the study projects a global average decrease in wheat production of 6% by 2050, and a 17% decrease by 2100, threatening global food security.
Alexthegreat
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive function. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help protect against mental illness and improve symptoms.
Democracy
Pericles outlined reforms he made to the Athenian democracy that established equality under the law and placed power in the hands of the majority of citizens. Government positions were made available to all by being paid positions. Those who did not participate in the government were ostracized. The jury system was started where citizens were judged by their peers.
Theseus
King Aegean of Athens was tired of sending 7 boys and 7 girls to Crete every year to be sacrificed to the Minotaur, a half-man half-bull monster. His son Theseus volunteered to go to Crete and try to kill the Minotaur. With help from the princess of Crete, Theseus used a sword and string to navigate the labyrinth and kill the Minotaur, freeing the Greeks from having to sacrifice people. However, on the way home Theseus forgot to change the ship's black sails to white to signal success, and King Aegean believed his son had died and committed suicide by jumping into the sea.
Elasticity
This document provides an overview of microeconomics concepts related to demand and supply. It defines demand as a function of desire, ability, and willingness to purchase a product at a given price. The demand curve illustrates the relationship between price and quantity demanded. Factors that can shift the demand curve include changes in tastes, income, and prices of related goods. Supply is defined as the quantity available for sale. The supply curve shows the relationship between price and quantity supplied. Factors that can shift the supply curve include costs of production, number of sellers, technology, and taxes. Elasticity refers to the responsiveness of quantity demanded or supplied to price changes.
Kinds of businesses
The document discusses different types of business organizations including sole proprietorships, partnerships, and corporations. A sole proprietorship offers advantages like getting all profits and making all decisions but has disadvantages like unlimited liability. A corporation has advantages such as easy funding through stock sales and limited liability for owners, but disadvantages include high startup fees and double taxation.
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The Rise of Christian Persecution In Islamic Countries (1).pdf
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Recent years have seen a disturbing rise in violence, discrimination, and intolerance against Christian communities in various Islamic countries. This multifaceted challenge, deeply rooted in historical, social, and political animosities, demands urgent attention. Despite the escalating persecution, substantial support from the Western world remains lacking.
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Find Latest India News and Breaking News these days from India on Politics, Business, Entertainment, Technology, Sports, Lifestyle and Coronavirus News in India and the world over that you can't miss. For real time update Visit our social media handle. Read First India NewsPaper in your morning replace. Visit First India.
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