Industrial Relations in the Industrial Revolution 4.0 age

1. Putting it into Practice
Systems that encourage industrialharmony.
It is for the regulation of relations between employers and workmen or employees and their trade union and the
prevention and settlement of trade disputes.
Focus on 3 aspects:
1. Relation between employer and union
2. Employment law
3. Discipline procedures and terminating service contract
Why is I/R important?
Men spend most of their life time working.
Eg. Malaysia & England – age entering school, university, retire? Length of time studying and working?
Therefore a harmonious relationship is important.
As stated by Mr. Vivekenandan (MEF, 1999) ‘the relationship between employers and employees is the next
important thing after the relationship between husbands and wives.
MODULE CONTENT: Different modalities of learning interspersed with games.
q Games should be used in a planned sequence – this multiplies their impact
q Moments of activity help the participants concentrate in the sedentary periods of talks and films.
q In fact, you can use games in a variety of points in the course of a programme.
The Play Book is designed to be both:
q A learning aid to be used in class
q A resource to be used after class
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2. What is Industrial Relations?
(also known as employee relations /labour relations/ employment relations)
Dunston Ayadurai (1996) - IR is part of personnel mgt or the mgt of people at work in an organisation.
Maimunah Aminuddin (1996) - IR is a study of relations between workers and their employers within the work
environment.
Importance of IR
q One of the important aspects in human resource management
q To create a harmonious relation between employer and employee
q To ensure that employees receive fair and just treatment and avoid conflicts in organization
Who needs to study IR?
q Workers
q Trade union leaders
q Managers
q Lawyers
q Officers and executives in HR and IR departments
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3. Industrial Relations system in Malaysia
Made up of three parties/or the tripartite systems:
1. Employer
2. Employees (represented by union)
3. Government
Industrial Relations Act 1967 –use to regulate the relation between employer and employee.
Code of Conduct for Industrial Harmony 1975 was introduced to maintain harmonious relation between
employer and employee
There are 47 issues covered regarding employer and union responsibilities, collective bargaining, etc
Generally, IR in Malaysia is controlled by the government.
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4. Collective Bargaining Agreement
q Most important instrument for shaping industrial labour relations
q Determines formal and material employment conditions
q Applied either to specific firms or entire branches of industry
q Binding for all companies belonging to an employers’ association
q Focus is on voluntary negotiations between representatives of capital and of labour
q Important in the 1950s through 1970s; weak now à „Americanization of collective regulations”
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5. The past decade has seen an increase in Americans engaging in temporary and contract work, but that shift has
come with some big caveats, says workers’ rights attorney Shannon Liss-Riordan,who has represented workers
in multiple class action lawsuits against corporate giants like Uber, Amazon, and Starbucks. Liss-Riordan joined
THINK to discuss why allowing companies to misclassify employees as contractors is a form of corporate welfare.
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6. Global manmade emissions have steadily increased over the last century. As CO2 emissions have risen, so too
have global temperatures. While the impact of these changes is wide ranging, perhaps most significant has been
the implications for severe climate events. The frequency and intensity of heat waves, major storms and
hurricanes, extreme rain storms and major droughts have increased along with temperatures.The full range of
climate change implications remain unknown, but scientists at Oxford University estimate that warming from
human emissions has doubled the risk of extreme weather events. The world can anticipate increased climate
volatility for the foreseeable future.
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7. The frequency of heatwaves has increased in most of the world, with the frequency of hot days increasing in rate
and intensity. In the September of 2017, a heatwave in California reached 106 degrees in San Francisco,
compared against the September average high temperature of 70 degrees. While this event strained the state’s
electricity grid, the impact of heatwaves elsewhere around the globe have had more severe consequences. In the
Summer of 2015, and a heat wave in Andhra Pradesh on the southeast coast of India left more than 1,800 dead
with temperatures reaching near 120 degrees. Extreme heat affects humans, flora, and fauna, and is associated
with higher mortality, lower crop yields, and a range of other consequences.
Droughts have also increased due to warmer temperatures. While precipitation is not expected to drop, increased
heat means drier soil, increased rates of water evaporation, and shifting weather patterns. This will result in less
rain for certain geographiesand more for others. Droughts have significant implications for humans. The United
Nations estimates that more than 11 million people have died and 2 billion have been displaced by drought since
1900. Droughts have played a role in increased fires. Since the 1980s, forest fires have increased in the Western
United States and Pacific Northwest. The World Resources Institute found that, in late-summer 2017, more than
80 wildfires were burning across 1.5 million acres in nine western US states.
Storms and flooding have also increased as climate change warms oceans and adds energy that can fuel coastal
storms. Warmer air holds additional water vapor, which then increases rates of overall precipitation. The intensity
and frequency of heavy rainfall has increased since 1900, while the melting of the polar ice caps has contributed to
rising sea levels. This change to our oceans has increased risks of storm surges, which have been taking place
with ever greater frequency. The frequency and duration of Category 4 or 5 storms has continued to increase, with
fatal consequences.In 2017, Hurricane Irma killed 27 in the Caribbean, and Hurricane Harvey caused an
estimated $200 billion in damage and killed 70 in Texas. In India, Bangladesh, and Nepal more than 40 million
people were affected by massive floods in 2017.
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8. Even if greenhouse gases ceased to be produced, the earth would continue to warm for centuries. According to
the journal Scientific American, scientists estimate that a 70 percent reduction in emissions would still result in a 6-
inch rise in sea levels as temperatures would increase by at least 1 degree Celsius. The world will be compelled to
adapt to the changes we are already experiencing,with climate change refugees, species extinction, and record
amounts of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.
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9. “In its scale, scope and complexity, … the fourth industrial revolution is unlike anything humankind has
experienced before.”
Klaus Schwab
The Fourth Industrial Revolution
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13. “Future Economy” is defined as a vibrant and resilient economy that creates opportunities for all by enabling
people to have deep skills and be inspired to learn throughout their lives, allowing businesses to be innovative and
nimble, creating cities that are vibrant, connected to the world, continually renewing itself, and Governments that
are coordinated, inclusive and responsive
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15. The World Economic Forum’s Networked Readiness Index 2016 measures how well an economy is using
information and communications technologies to boost competitiveness and well-being.
Networked readiness showshow ready each country is to reap the benefits of Industry Revolution 4.0 transition.
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17. ILO Survey of Sept 2018 covering 3,500 workers in 75 countries
ü Unilaterally imposed working conditions
ü Misclassification of status
ü Unilateral evaluation of performance
ü Blurred lines between working and non-working hours Payment below minimum wage High degree of
underemployment
ü …
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18. New Forms of Work: What Is New?
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19. ü Scaled-up electronic matching of job offers and seekers
ü Access to borderless workforce
ü Management by algorithm
ü Unilateral determination of terms of reference “Take it or leave it”
ü New forms of subordination
ü Return to micro-tasking
ü ……..
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20. Resist digital labour platforms – Japan, Singapore, Vietnam
Implement safeguards – Indonesia, Korea, Singapore
Clarify obligations and liabilities – China, Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Japan
Defining employment classification – China, India
Restrict NSFEs - Philippines
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21. Berikut adalah petikan Bicara Minda bersama PengerusiInstitut Penyelidikan Ekonomi Malaysia (MIER), Tan Sri
Kamal Salih pada 9 Oktober 2019.
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WHAT IS THE BEST IDEA YOU GAINED TODAY THAT YOU WILL TAKE ACTION ON
IN THE NEXT 30 DAYS?
Your action plan
What you will:
1. Start doing?
2. Stop doing?
3. Continue doing?
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Facts by themselves only tell us what is; they do not tell us what ought to be. Resolving an ethical issue also
requires an appeal to values. Although ethics deals with right and wrong, it is not a discipline that always leads
everyone to the same conclusions.Deciding an ethical issue can be equally difficult for conservatives and liberals.
Of course, there are situations that are wrong by any standard.
To guide our reflection on such difficult questions, philosophers, religious facilitators and other thinkers have
shaped various approaches to ethical decision-making. The five different approaches to values to deal with moral
issues are: The Utilitarian, the Rights, Fairness and Justice, the Goodness, and the Values.
The key to good corporate governance lies in substance, not form. It is about the way the directors :
q create and develop a model to fit the circumstances of that company and then test it
periodically for its practical effectiveness.
q take control of a regime they have established and for which they are responsible.
Companies most often use:
Coaching for Emotional Skills
360º feedback
Executive coaching
Formal mentoring
Experiences for Values and Decisiveness
Action learning
Job rotation
Business scenario simulation
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24. A professionally qualified accountant he was awarded with:
1988 Degree from the Institute of Chartered Secretaries and Administrators
(United Kingdom)
1991 Post Graduate Diploma in Hospital Administration from MPC International Houston,
Texas
2000 Awarded Associate member of Institute of Financial Accountants (United Kingdom)
2001 Certified Financial Planner (Financial Planning Association of Malaysia)
Next steps & implementation
Our programmes are completely customized and affordable. We coordinate your desired outcomes and always
exceed the client’s expectation by providing succinct, sustainable take home value.
Programmes & offerings include:
One on One’s
Corporate Retreats
Strategic Talent Triage
Organisational Development
Selection of new employees
360° Leadership Surveys
Employee Engagement or Climate Surveys
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Other topics of interest
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