The ongoing demands for the extra high voltage boost the need for looking for improving the conventional insulating materials by various modification techniques. Transformer insulating oil based nanofluids NFs is one of these techniques. The present work aims to investigate the dielectric performance of transformer oil based nanofluids and their dependence on the type of nanoparticles. To achieve this, three types of nanoparticles namely Zinc Oxide ZnO as conductive nanoparticle, Titanium Oxide TiO2 as semi conductive nanoparticle and Silicon Dioxide SiO2 as dielectric nanoparticles have been suspended in mineral oil MO at various concentration levels and the dielectric performance was tested by performing experiments such as AC breakdown voltage test, relative permittivity and DC conductivity. Experimental findings reveal that the use of nanofluids technique could improve the efficiency of the dielectric performance of mineral oil. The nanoparticle type and concentration have critical effect on the dielectric performance of prepared samples. For breakdown voltage, it is manifested that, samples prepared with ZnO nanoparticles exhibited the highest percentage of improvement. While for relative permittivity, samples prepared with TiO2 nanoparticles at higher concentrations, showed the highest percentage of improvement. On the other hand, all samples showed higher values in conductivity comparing with bare mineral oil sample. Asmaa Ibrahim | Loai Nasrat | Soliman Eldebeiky ""Investigation of the Dielectric Performance of Mineral Oil -Based Nanofluids"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-2 , February 2020,
URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd29973.pdf
Paper Url : https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/29973/investigation-of-the-dielectric-performance-of-mineral-oil-%E2%80%93based-nanofluids/asmaa-ibrahim
This document discusses using Al2O3/water nanofluid as a coolant in a double-tube heat exchanger. Nanofluids are discussed as a promising new class of heat transfer fluids made by dispersing nanoparticles in conventional fluids to enhance thermal conductivity. Mathematical models are developed to analyze heat transfer and pressure drop characteristics of Al2O3/water nanofluids flowing as coolant in the heat exchanger. Results show that nanofluids can increase heat transfer coefficients and reduce wall temperatures, heat transfer area, and coolant flowrates required compared to using water alone. However, nanofluids also increase friction factors and pressure drops, especially at higher nanoparticle concentrations.
Nanofluids: preparation, characterization and applicationsAhmed Haider
This document discusses nanofluids, which are colloids made of a base fluid and nanomaterials like nanoparticles or nanotubes. It describes two common methods for preparing nanofluids: one-step and two-step. Characterization techniques like SEM, TEM, and DLS are used to analyze properties like particle size and dispersion. Nanofluids can enhance properties like thermal conductivity and heat transfer. However, challenges remain in understanding their complex behaviors and improving stability.
Heat transfer enhancement by nanofluid Suhail Patel
The purpose of this paper is to look into the present aspects of “Nanotechnology”. This gives a brief description of how heat transfer enhances using Nanofluid And its application in various fields viz. heat transportation, military applications, medical, etc. This paper focuses one explaining the basic mechanisms of improvement in heat transfer by addition nanoparticles.
The document provides a literature review on the effects of nanofluids in enhancing thermophysical properties. It discusses how adding nanoparticles to base fluids can increase thermal conductivity. The summary discusses how decreasing nanoparticle size and increasing temperature and volume fraction can further increase thermal conductivity. Prior studies found thermal conductivity enhancement was highest for nanofluids with smaller nanoparticle sizes (<50nm) and at higher temperatures. The literature review examines several past studies that investigated these effects and relationships between properties.
Preparation And comaparision of alluminium nanofluid with bsae fluidMrutyunjaya Swain
This project report summarizes research on the preparation and comparison of Al2O3-water nanofluid with a base fluid. Nanofluids are suspensions of nanoparticles in a base fluid that can improve heat transfer properties. The report describes how nanofluids were prepared using single-step and two-step methods and their thermal conductivity was measured and found to be higher than the base fluids alone. Potential applications of nanofluids include industrial cooling, automotive cooling, electronic cooling, and biomedical uses. However, nanofluids also have limitations such as potentially lower specific heat and higher costs.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Preparation and Stability of Nanofluids-A ReviewIOSR Journals
Nanofluid, a simple product of nanotechnology has become a topic of attraction due to its
extraordinary heat transfer performance in various areas including cooling, power generation, defense,
nuclear, space, microelectronics and biomedical appliances. However, preparation and stabilization of such
fluids are indeed a matter of concern for better understanding. For the last decade numerous research and
development works have been done in the synthesis and stability of such materials. In this contribution, a brief
review has been presented to provide an update about the preparation and stabilization methods of nanofluids
A report on applications and challenges of nanofluidsSuvendu Roy
The document is a report on applications and challenges of nanofluids submitted by Sabuj Samanta. It discusses how nanofluids are produced by dispersing nanoparticles in base fluids like water or ethylene glycol. Nanofluids have higher thermal conductivity and heat transfer properties compared to base fluids alone. The report covers the preparation and properties of nanofluids, and their various applications in fields like solar energy collection, automotive cooling, electronics cooling, and medicine. It also discusses the economic aspects and costs associated with nanofluids.
This document discusses using Al2O3/water nanofluid as a coolant in a double-tube heat exchanger. Nanofluids are discussed as a promising new class of heat transfer fluids made by dispersing nanoparticles in conventional fluids to enhance thermal conductivity. Mathematical models are developed to analyze heat transfer and pressure drop characteristics of Al2O3/water nanofluids flowing as coolant in the heat exchanger. Results show that nanofluids can increase heat transfer coefficients and reduce wall temperatures, heat transfer area, and coolant flowrates required compared to using water alone. However, nanofluids also increase friction factors and pressure drops, especially at higher nanoparticle concentrations.
Nanofluids: preparation, characterization and applicationsAhmed Haider
This document discusses nanofluids, which are colloids made of a base fluid and nanomaterials like nanoparticles or nanotubes. It describes two common methods for preparing nanofluids: one-step and two-step. Characterization techniques like SEM, TEM, and DLS are used to analyze properties like particle size and dispersion. Nanofluids can enhance properties like thermal conductivity and heat transfer. However, challenges remain in understanding their complex behaviors and improving stability.
Heat transfer enhancement by nanofluid Suhail Patel
The purpose of this paper is to look into the present aspects of “Nanotechnology”. This gives a brief description of how heat transfer enhances using Nanofluid And its application in various fields viz. heat transportation, military applications, medical, etc. This paper focuses one explaining the basic mechanisms of improvement in heat transfer by addition nanoparticles.
The document provides a literature review on the effects of nanofluids in enhancing thermophysical properties. It discusses how adding nanoparticles to base fluids can increase thermal conductivity. The summary discusses how decreasing nanoparticle size and increasing temperature and volume fraction can further increase thermal conductivity. Prior studies found thermal conductivity enhancement was highest for nanofluids with smaller nanoparticle sizes (<50nm) and at higher temperatures. The literature review examines several past studies that investigated these effects and relationships between properties.
Preparation And comaparision of alluminium nanofluid with bsae fluidMrutyunjaya Swain
This project report summarizes research on the preparation and comparison of Al2O3-water nanofluid with a base fluid. Nanofluids are suspensions of nanoparticles in a base fluid that can improve heat transfer properties. The report describes how nanofluids were prepared using single-step and two-step methods and their thermal conductivity was measured and found to be higher than the base fluids alone. Potential applications of nanofluids include industrial cooling, automotive cooling, electronic cooling, and biomedical uses. However, nanofluids also have limitations such as potentially lower specific heat and higher costs.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Preparation and Stability of Nanofluids-A ReviewIOSR Journals
Nanofluid, a simple product of nanotechnology has become a topic of attraction due to its
extraordinary heat transfer performance in various areas including cooling, power generation, defense,
nuclear, space, microelectronics and biomedical appliances. However, preparation and stabilization of such
fluids are indeed a matter of concern for better understanding. For the last decade numerous research and
development works have been done in the synthesis and stability of such materials. In this contribution, a brief
review has been presented to provide an update about the preparation and stabilization methods of nanofluids
A report on applications and challenges of nanofluidsSuvendu Roy
The document is a report on applications and challenges of nanofluids submitted by Sabuj Samanta. It discusses how nanofluids are produced by dispersing nanoparticles in base fluids like water or ethylene glycol. Nanofluids have higher thermal conductivity and heat transfer properties compared to base fluids alone. The report covers the preparation and properties of nanofluids, and their various applications in fields like solar energy collection, automotive cooling, electronics cooling, and medicine. It also discusses the economic aspects and costs associated with nanofluids.
This document reviews the concept and applications of nanofluids in heat transfer. Nanofluids are fluids containing nanometer-sized solid particles that can enhance thermal conductivity and other properties of base fluids like water and ethylene glycol. The document discusses how nanofluids increase properties like thermal conductivity, density, heat capacity and viscosity compared to base fluids. It also reviews applications of nanofluids in improving efficiency of solar stills, heat exchangers, solar collectors and other thermal systems. For example, the use of nanofluids in solar stills can increase their efficiency and water production rate by over 50%. In heat exchangers, nanofluids increase effectiveness from around 40% to over 90% by enhancing heat
Heat Transfer Characteristics of Nanofluid (Al2O3/water) in Cooling System of...Hussein S. Moghaieb
The document discusses the characteristics of heat transfer of nanofluids used for engine cooling. It provides background on using nanofluids to enhance heat transfer for applications like engine cooling where heat dissipation is important. The literature review summarizes previous studies that found heat transfer enhancement when using nanofluids like Al2O3 nanoparticles dispersed in water or ethylene glycol. The present work aims to investigate heat transfer enhancement under varying bulk temperatures, flow velocities, heat fluxes, and nanofluid concentrations to simulate engine operating conditions. It describes the proposed experimental test rig and setup that will be used to analyze the heat transfer performance of Al2O3/water nanofluids.
IRJET- Effect of Nano Fluid in Multi-Cylinder Four Stroke Petrol Engine: ...IRJET Journal
This document reviews research on using nanofluids in automotive cooling systems. Nanofluids are fluids containing nanometer-sized particles that can enhance heat transfer properties compared to conventional fluids like water. The review finds that nanofluids made of particles like aluminum oxide, copper oxide, and titanium dioxide suspended in water can increase the thermal conductivity and cooling efficiency of engine radiators. Experimental studies show heat transfer improvement of up to 39% and negligible pressure drop increase when using nanofluids in radiators and heat exchangers. Overall, the literature indicates nanofluids have potential to improve cooling system performance and engine efficiency.
The document summarizes the results of experimental studies on single phase convective heat transfer with nanofluids. It discusses several papers that investigated the thermophysical and transport properties of three different nanofluids, including thermal conductivity, viscosity, and particle characterization. It also examines the cooling performance of nanofluids in small diameter tubes and closed loop systems under both laminar and turbulent flow. Overall, the document analyzes the thermal properties and heat transfer capabilities of various nanofluids through experimental and theoretical approaches.
The document discusses nanofluids, which are engineered colloidal suspensions of nanoparticles in a base fluid. It provides an introduction to nanofluids and their properties. The document then covers preparation methods for nanofluids, factors that influence the thermal conductivity of nanofluids like Brownian motion and interfacial layers, common materials used for nanoparticles and base fluids, advantages and limitations of nanofluids, and applications. The overall document serves as a review of nanofluids that discusses their composition, properties, production methods, performance factors, and considerations for use.
Study of Heat Transfer Characteristics of Nanofluid as Coolant on a Single Cylinder Diesel Engine with Spiral Radiator.
Team Members: Sandeep Raj Kanth, Viral Hitenkumar Naik, Rudra Ranjan Swain
Guide: Dr. G. Naga Srinivasulu, Assistant Professor, Mechanical Engineering Department, NIT Warangal
Nanofluids are now developing technology in main purpose heat transfer stream. In paper has brief information on the introduction and preparation methods of nanofluids. This paper prepared from the study of online resources
Numerical simulation and enhancement of heat transfer using cuo water nano fl...IAEME Publication
This document summarizes a study on enhancing heat transfer using CuO/water nanofluid and a twisted tape insert with alternate axis in a circular tube. Numerical simulations were performed using ANSYS FLUENT to analyze heat transfer, friction, and thermal performance of the nanofluid at various concentrations from 0.3-0.7% by volume. The simulations also examined using nanofluid with a typical twisted tape, the twisted tape alone, and nanofluid alone. Results showed that using nanofluid together with the twisted tape with alternate axis can further improve heat transfer compared to using them individually.
Effect of nanofluid on heat transfer characteristics of double pipe heat exch...eSAT Journals
Abstract A nanofluid is a suspension of nano sized particles made up of metal, oxides or carbides of size up to 100 nm in a base fluid of water, ethylene glycol or oil. Recently large numbers of experiments have been are carried out to evaluate the effect of nanofluid in enhancement of the heat transfer rate in various heat exchangers. The heat transfer enhancement using nanofluid mainly depends on type of nanoparticles, size of nanoparticles, shape of nanoparticles, type of base fluid and concentration of nanoparticles in the base fluid. In the present paper, an experimental evaluation has been carried out to determine the effect of various concentration of CuO nanoparticles mixed in water on heat transfer characteristics of double pipe heat exchanger for parallel flow and counter flow arrangement. The volume concentrations of CuO nanofluid prepared by two step method are 0.002 %, 0.003% and 0.004 %. The conclusion derived for the study is that overall heat transfer coefficient increases with increase in volume concentration of CuO nanoparticle compared to water which have been validated by theoretical prediction also. Keywords: Nanofluid, Heat Transfer Characteristics, Double Pipe Heat Exchanger, CuO Nanoparticles
Effect of water temperature on the mechanical properties of water quenched me...Alexander Decker
This document summarizes a study on the effect of water temperature on the mechanical properties of medium carbon steel samples quenched in water. Two steel samples with carbon contents of 0.33% and 0.42% were heated to 900°C and quenched in water ranging from 35°C to 95°C. Results showed hardness was reduced by over 18% and impact strength improved by over 50% at higher water temperatures, as the hard martensite structure was replaced with tempered martensite. Maximum hardness occurred at a water temperature of 65°C while maximum impact strength and tensile properties occurred at 95°C. The study concluded water quenching at higher temperatures can improve steel toughness with only slight
This document discusses nanotechnology and nanomaterials. It summarizes that nanotechnology involves controlling matter on an atomic and molecular scale. Nanofluids are suspensions of nanometer-sized particles in a base liquid that exhibit special properties relative to bulk materials like high thermal conductivity. Nanofluids are characterized using techniques like electron microscopy and dynamic light scattering. Common fabrication methods for nanofluids include attrition, pyrolysis, and inert gas aggregation. Nanofluids show promise for applications in industries like electronics and healthcare but also have safety and characterization challenges that require further development.
Polypyrrole/PZT Thermistor: An Effective pre-cursor towards sensor designIJERA Editor
Pristine Polypyrrole was prepared by employing inverse emulsion polymerization technique using
Methanesulfonic acid as a dopant and sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) as a surfactant. Oxidizing agent used was
Potassium Persulfate. An attempt was made to formulate a Polypyrrole device by blending Polypyrrole with
Lead Zirconate Titanate (PZT) piezoceramic powder which showed characteristics akin to a Thermistor thereby
formulating its use as a pre-cursor to a temperature sensor upon Current vs. Voltage as well as Temperature vs.
Conductivity studies. Characterization studies of Polypyrrole/PZT blends using Fourier Transform Infrared
Spectra, Scanning Electron Microscopy and X-ray diffraction studies yielded satisfactory and confirmatory
results. Extensive conductivity studies were carried out from 298 K - 383 K and Conductivity as high as 3.97
S•cm-1 was obtained at a surfactant and dopant concentration of 9.0 g and 11.0 g respectively. Liquid Phase
Sintering of Ppy/PZT blends with Tin (Sn) metal powder offers exciting opportunity towards formulation of a
temperature sensor, the diffusivity studies of which are still underway.
Fabrication of ceramic matrix composite by using microwave energyIJARIDEA Journal
Abstract— Nowadays, ceramic matrix composites are being extensively used for industries and household
purposes. However, these ceramic composites materials are substantially resistant to biodegradation. In this
experimental study the specimen of silicon carbide with varying percentage of titanium carbide (TiC) has
been fabricated by using microwave sintering. Different samples having TiC 5%, 10%, 15% (wt%) were
prepared by die pressing. Then sample were heated in microwave furnace at different range of temperatures
i.e. 1150°C, 1250°C and 1350°. It was found that with increase in the weight percentage (wt %) of TiC, the
porosity was maximum in 1150°C and minimum porosity achieved maximum temperature 1350°C. The
maximum hardness was achieved in 1350°C when 15 wt % of TiC. Density was also increased with respect to
the increase in temperature and TiC wt %.
Keywords— Ceramic Matrix Composite; Hardness; Microwave Heating; SiC; TiC.
This document discusses nanotechnology and its relation to fluid mechanics. It begins by outlining how nanotechnology can be applied to fluid flow and properties. It then discusses nanofluids, how they are made, and their enhanced thermal conductivity and applications in areas like industrial cooling, smart fluids, nuclear reactors, and fuel. It also discusses micropumps and their applications. Next it covers nanofluidics, properties in nanofluidics, and applications like lab-on-a-chip devices and coulter counting. Finally it discusses nanofluidic circuitry, basic principles, logic devices, fabrication, and applications.
The document discusses nanofluids, which are colloidal suspensions of nanoparticles in common fluids that can enhance thermal properties. It describes research conducted at ITC-CNR on characterizing various nanofluids including their stability, thermal conductivity, viscosity, and heat transfer coefficient. Potential HVAC&R applications are discussed such as using nanofluids as secondary fluids, nanorefrigerants, or nanolubricants to improve performance.
IRJET- Sintering of Tungsten for Porous ComponentsIRJET Journal
This document summarizes research on sintering tungsten powder for porous components at lower temperatures. Tungsten is traditionally sintered above 2000°C, but the study investigated adding milled tungsten powder as an activator to increase sinterability at lower temperatures. Milled powder with reduced particle size was added in compositions from 0-50% and sintered between 1470-1550°C. Density increased with temperature and soaking time, reaching up to 61% theoretical density with 50% milled powder. Hardness and strength decreased with longer soaking times due to grain growth, despite higher densities. The milled powder promoted faster densification through higher reactivity and strain energy from the milling
It's a presentation prepared from a paper named "Latest developments on the viscosity of nanofluids." The original paper is an open-source content in ELSEVIER.
Critical heat flux enhancement in pool boiling with al2 o3 water nanofluideSAT Journals
Abstract Boiling is an important phase change phenomena as it plays a crucial role in the design of high heat flux system like boilers, heat exchangers, microscopic heat transfer devices. However boiling phenomenon is limited by critical heat flux. At critical heat flux material of heated surface suffers physical damage due to lower heat transfer resulting from thin film formed over the surface. Now a days Nanofluid which is colloidal suspension of nanoparticle in base fluid is highlighted as innovative techniques to enhance critical heat flux. In the present study Al2O3 nanoparticles were characterized by using SEM and XRD analysis. From SEM images it was seen that nanoparticle has spherical morphology, and from XRD analysis average nanoparticle size determined was 29.48 nm. Five different nanofluids of concentration range from 3 gram/liter to 15 gram/liter were prepared. Critical heat flux (CHF) of each Al2O3-water nanofluid in pool boiling is determined on NiCr wire of SWG 28. The minimum critical heat flux enhancement is 30.53% at 3 gram/liter nanofluid compared to critical heat flux of distilled water. The highest critical heat flux enhancement is 72.70 % at 12 gram/liter nanofluid. Critical heat flux of nanofluid increases with increase in concentration of Al2O3 nanoparticle in distilled water up to 12 gram/liter nanofluid. Surface roughness of bare wire was 0.126 μm. Surface roughness of wire sample used in pool boiling of 3 gram/liter nanofluid is 0.299μm and highest surface roughness was 0.715 μm of heater used in pool boiling of 12 gram/liter nanofluid. The Surface roughness measurement results show the evidence of nanoparticle deposition on wire surface and its effect on Critical Heat Flux enhancement. Keywords: Critical heat flux, Nanoparticle, Nanofluid, Concentration, Surface roughness.
The document describes an experimental study that investigated the effect of adding conductive (Fe3O4) and insulating (Al2O3) nanoparticles to transformer mineral oil on the oil's AC dielectric strength. Nanofluids were prepared with nanoparticles concentrations ranging from 0.05 to 0.4 g/L. Measurements found that both types of nanoparticles significantly improved the oil's breakdown voltage, with the enhancement depending on nanoparticle concentration, size, and material. Fe3O4 nanofluids provided higher improvement than Al2O3 nanofluids. With Fe3O4, the breakdown voltage could exceed twice that of plain mineral oil, while Al2O3 increased it by over 76%. The mechanisms by which nanoparticles increase
The document summarizes a study on the effect of adding Fe3O4 and Al2O3 nanoparticles to transformer mineral oil on the oil's AC dielectric strength. Key findings:
- Nanofluids were prepared with nanoparticles concentrations from 0.05-0.4 g/L. Zeta potential measurements showed stability increased with concentration.
- Breakdown voltage measurements found that both nanoparticle types significantly improved the AC breakdown voltage of mineral oil, with conductive Fe3O4 providing higher enhancement than insulating Al2O3.
- The enhancement depended on nanoparticle concentration, size, and material. Smaller nanoparticles had a more marked effect. With Fe3O4, breakdown voltage could exceed twice that
Studies of different types of insulating oils and their mixtures as an altern...吉成 朴
This document studies different types of insulating oils and their mixtures as alternatives to mineral oil for cooling power transformers. It presents an experimental study comparing the physicochemical characteristics of mineral oil, olive oil, sunflower oil, and their mixtures. The results of tests on new and aged oil samples show that a half mixture of naphthenic oil and olive oil could be a potential insulating liquid for electrical devices, especially power transformers in hot climate regions.
This document reviews the concept and applications of nanofluids in heat transfer. Nanofluids are fluids containing nanometer-sized solid particles that can enhance thermal conductivity and other properties of base fluids like water and ethylene glycol. The document discusses how nanofluids increase properties like thermal conductivity, density, heat capacity and viscosity compared to base fluids. It also reviews applications of nanofluids in improving efficiency of solar stills, heat exchangers, solar collectors and other thermal systems. For example, the use of nanofluids in solar stills can increase their efficiency and water production rate by over 50%. In heat exchangers, nanofluids increase effectiveness from around 40% to over 90% by enhancing heat
Heat Transfer Characteristics of Nanofluid (Al2O3/water) in Cooling System of...Hussein S. Moghaieb
The document discusses the characteristics of heat transfer of nanofluids used for engine cooling. It provides background on using nanofluids to enhance heat transfer for applications like engine cooling where heat dissipation is important. The literature review summarizes previous studies that found heat transfer enhancement when using nanofluids like Al2O3 nanoparticles dispersed in water or ethylene glycol. The present work aims to investigate heat transfer enhancement under varying bulk temperatures, flow velocities, heat fluxes, and nanofluid concentrations to simulate engine operating conditions. It describes the proposed experimental test rig and setup that will be used to analyze the heat transfer performance of Al2O3/water nanofluids.
IRJET- Effect of Nano Fluid in Multi-Cylinder Four Stroke Petrol Engine: ...IRJET Journal
This document reviews research on using nanofluids in automotive cooling systems. Nanofluids are fluids containing nanometer-sized particles that can enhance heat transfer properties compared to conventional fluids like water. The review finds that nanofluids made of particles like aluminum oxide, copper oxide, and titanium dioxide suspended in water can increase the thermal conductivity and cooling efficiency of engine radiators. Experimental studies show heat transfer improvement of up to 39% and negligible pressure drop increase when using nanofluids in radiators and heat exchangers. Overall, the literature indicates nanofluids have potential to improve cooling system performance and engine efficiency.
The document summarizes the results of experimental studies on single phase convective heat transfer with nanofluids. It discusses several papers that investigated the thermophysical and transport properties of three different nanofluids, including thermal conductivity, viscosity, and particle characterization. It also examines the cooling performance of nanofluids in small diameter tubes and closed loop systems under both laminar and turbulent flow. Overall, the document analyzes the thermal properties and heat transfer capabilities of various nanofluids through experimental and theoretical approaches.
The document discusses nanofluids, which are engineered colloidal suspensions of nanoparticles in a base fluid. It provides an introduction to nanofluids and their properties. The document then covers preparation methods for nanofluids, factors that influence the thermal conductivity of nanofluids like Brownian motion and interfacial layers, common materials used for nanoparticles and base fluids, advantages and limitations of nanofluids, and applications. The overall document serves as a review of nanofluids that discusses their composition, properties, production methods, performance factors, and considerations for use.
Study of Heat Transfer Characteristics of Nanofluid as Coolant on a Single Cylinder Diesel Engine with Spiral Radiator.
Team Members: Sandeep Raj Kanth, Viral Hitenkumar Naik, Rudra Ranjan Swain
Guide: Dr. G. Naga Srinivasulu, Assistant Professor, Mechanical Engineering Department, NIT Warangal
Nanofluids are now developing technology in main purpose heat transfer stream. In paper has brief information on the introduction and preparation methods of nanofluids. This paper prepared from the study of online resources
Numerical simulation and enhancement of heat transfer using cuo water nano fl...IAEME Publication
This document summarizes a study on enhancing heat transfer using CuO/water nanofluid and a twisted tape insert with alternate axis in a circular tube. Numerical simulations were performed using ANSYS FLUENT to analyze heat transfer, friction, and thermal performance of the nanofluid at various concentrations from 0.3-0.7% by volume. The simulations also examined using nanofluid with a typical twisted tape, the twisted tape alone, and nanofluid alone. Results showed that using nanofluid together with the twisted tape with alternate axis can further improve heat transfer compared to using them individually.
Effect of nanofluid on heat transfer characteristics of double pipe heat exch...eSAT Journals
Abstract A nanofluid is a suspension of nano sized particles made up of metal, oxides or carbides of size up to 100 nm in a base fluid of water, ethylene glycol or oil. Recently large numbers of experiments have been are carried out to evaluate the effect of nanofluid in enhancement of the heat transfer rate in various heat exchangers. The heat transfer enhancement using nanofluid mainly depends on type of nanoparticles, size of nanoparticles, shape of nanoparticles, type of base fluid and concentration of nanoparticles in the base fluid. In the present paper, an experimental evaluation has been carried out to determine the effect of various concentration of CuO nanoparticles mixed in water on heat transfer characteristics of double pipe heat exchanger for parallel flow and counter flow arrangement. The volume concentrations of CuO nanofluid prepared by two step method are 0.002 %, 0.003% and 0.004 %. The conclusion derived for the study is that overall heat transfer coefficient increases with increase in volume concentration of CuO nanoparticle compared to water which have been validated by theoretical prediction also. Keywords: Nanofluid, Heat Transfer Characteristics, Double Pipe Heat Exchanger, CuO Nanoparticles
Effect of water temperature on the mechanical properties of water quenched me...Alexander Decker
This document summarizes a study on the effect of water temperature on the mechanical properties of medium carbon steel samples quenched in water. Two steel samples with carbon contents of 0.33% and 0.42% were heated to 900°C and quenched in water ranging from 35°C to 95°C. Results showed hardness was reduced by over 18% and impact strength improved by over 50% at higher water temperatures, as the hard martensite structure was replaced with tempered martensite. Maximum hardness occurred at a water temperature of 65°C while maximum impact strength and tensile properties occurred at 95°C. The study concluded water quenching at higher temperatures can improve steel toughness with only slight
This document discusses nanotechnology and nanomaterials. It summarizes that nanotechnology involves controlling matter on an atomic and molecular scale. Nanofluids are suspensions of nanometer-sized particles in a base liquid that exhibit special properties relative to bulk materials like high thermal conductivity. Nanofluids are characterized using techniques like electron microscopy and dynamic light scattering. Common fabrication methods for nanofluids include attrition, pyrolysis, and inert gas aggregation. Nanofluids show promise for applications in industries like electronics and healthcare but also have safety and characterization challenges that require further development.
Polypyrrole/PZT Thermistor: An Effective pre-cursor towards sensor designIJERA Editor
Pristine Polypyrrole was prepared by employing inverse emulsion polymerization technique using
Methanesulfonic acid as a dopant and sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) as a surfactant. Oxidizing agent used was
Potassium Persulfate. An attempt was made to formulate a Polypyrrole device by blending Polypyrrole with
Lead Zirconate Titanate (PZT) piezoceramic powder which showed characteristics akin to a Thermistor thereby
formulating its use as a pre-cursor to a temperature sensor upon Current vs. Voltage as well as Temperature vs.
Conductivity studies. Characterization studies of Polypyrrole/PZT blends using Fourier Transform Infrared
Spectra, Scanning Electron Microscopy and X-ray diffraction studies yielded satisfactory and confirmatory
results. Extensive conductivity studies were carried out from 298 K - 383 K and Conductivity as high as 3.97
S•cm-1 was obtained at a surfactant and dopant concentration of 9.0 g and 11.0 g respectively. Liquid Phase
Sintering of Ppy/PZT blends with Tin (Sn) metal powder offers exciting opportunity towards formulation of a
temperature sensor, the diffusivity studies of which are still underway.
Fabrication of ceramic matrix composite by using microwave energyIJARIDEA Journal
Abstract— Nowadays, ceramic matrix composites are being extensively used for industries and household
purposes. However, these ceramic composites materials are substantially resistant to biodegradation. In this
experimental study the specimen of silicon carbide with varying percentage of titanium carbide (TiC) has
been fabricated by using microwave sintering. Different samples having TiC 5%, 10%, 15% (wt%) were
prepared by die pressing. Then sample were heated in microwave furnace at different range of temperatures
i.e. 1150°C, 1250°C and 1350°. It was found that with increase in the weight percentage (wt %) of TiC, the
porosity was maximum in 1150°C and minimum porosity achieved maximum temperature 1350°C. The
maximum hardness was achieved in 1350°C when 15 wt % of TiC. Density was also increased with respect to
the increase in temperature and TiC wt %.
Keywords— Ceramic Matrix Composite; Hardness; Microwave Heating; SiC; TiC.
This document discusses nanotechnology and its relation to fluid mechanics. It begins by outlining how nanotechnology can be applied to fluid flow and properties. It then discusses nanofluids, how they are made, and their enhanced thermal conductivity and applications in areas like industrial cooling, smart fluids, nuclear reactors, and fuel. It also discusses micropumps and their applications. Next it covers nanofluidics, properties in nanofluidics, and applications like lab-on-a-chip devices and coulter counting. Finally it discusses nanofluidic circuitry, basic principles, logic devices, fabrication, and applications.
The document discusses nanofluids, which are colloidal suspensions of nanoparticles in common fluids that can enhance thermal properties. It describes research conducted at ITC-CNR on characterizing various nanofluids including their stability, thermal conductivity, viscosity, and heat transfer coefficient. Potential HVAC&R applications are discussed such as using nanofluids as secondary fluids, nanorefrigerants, or nanolubricants to improve performance.
IRJET- Sintering of Tungsten for Porous ComponentsIRJET Journal
This document summarizes research on sintering tungsten powder for porous components at lower temperatures. Tungsten is traditionally sintered above 2000°C, but the study investigated adding milled tungsten powder as an activator to increase sinterability at lower temperatures. Milled powder with reduced particle size was added in compositions from 0-50% and sintered between 1470-1550°C. Density increased with temperature and soaking time, reaching up to 61% theoretical density with 50% milled powder. Hardness and strength decreased with longer soaking times due to grain growth, despite higher densities. The milled powder promoted faster densification through higher reactivity and strain energy from the milling
It's a presentation prepared from a paper named "Latest developments on the viscosity of nanofluids." The original paper is an open-source content in ELSEVIER.
Critical heat flux enhancement in pool boiling with al2 o3 water nanofluideSAT Journals
Abstract Boiling is an important phase change phenomena as it plays a crucial role in the design of high heat flux system like boilers, heat exchangers, microscopic heat transfer devices. However boiling phenomenon is limited by critical heat flux. At critical heat flux material of heated surface suffers physical damage due to lower heat transfer resulting from thin film formed over the surface. Now a days Nanofluid which is colloidal suspension of nanoparticle in base fluid is highlighted as innovative techniques to enhance critical heat flux. In the present study Al2O3 nanoparticles were characterized by using SEM and XRD analysis. From SEM images it was seen that nanoparticle has spherical morphology, and from XRD analysis average nanoparticle size determined was 29.48 nm. Five different nanofluids of concentration range from 3 gram/liter to 15 gram/liter were prepared. Critical heat flux (CHF) of each Al2O3-water nanofluid in pool boiling is determined on NiCr wire of SWG 28. The minimum critical heat flux enhancement is 30.53% at 3 gram/liter nanofluid compared to critical heat flux of distilled water. The highest critical heat flux enhancement is 72.70 % at 12 gram/liter nanofluid. Critical heat flux of nanofluid increases with increase in concentration of Al2O3 nanoparticle in distilled water up to 12 gram/liter nanofluid. Surface roughness of bare wire was 0.126 μm. Surface roughness of wire sample used in pool boiling of 3 gram/liter nanofluid is 0.299μm and highest surface roughness was 0.715 μm of heater used in pool boiling of 12 gram/liter nanofluid. The Surface roughness measurement results show the evidence of nanoparticle deposition on wire surface and its effect on Critical Heat Flux enhancement. Keywords: Critical heat flux, Nanoparticle, Nanofluid, Concentration, Surface roughness.
The document describes an experimental study that investigated the effect of adding conductive (Fe3O4) and insulating (Al2O3) nanoparticles to transformer mineral oil on the oil's AC dielectric strength. Nanofluids were prepared with nanoparticles concentrations ranging from 0.05 to 0.4 g/L. Measurements found that both types of nanoparticles significantly improved the oil's breakdown voltage, with the enhancement depending on nanoparticle concentration, size, and material. Fe3O4 nanofluids provided higher improvement than Al2O3 nanofluids. With Fe3O4, the breakdown voltage could exceed twice that of plain mineral oil, while Al2O3 increased it by over 76%. The mechanisms by which nanoparticles increase
The document summarizes a study on the effect of adding Fe3O4 and Al2O3 nanoparticles to transformer mineral oil on the oil's AC dielectric strength. Key findings:
- Nanofluids were prepared with nanoparticles concentrations from 0.05-0.4 g/L. Zeta potential measurements showed stability increased with concentration.
- Breakdown voltage measurements found that both nanoparticle types significantly improved the AC breakdown voltage of mineral oil, with conductive Fe3O4 providing higher enhancement than insulating Al2O3.
- The enhancement depended on nanoparticle concentration, size, and material. Smaller nanoparticles had a more marked effect. With Fe3O4, breakdown voltage could exceed twice that
Studies of different types of insulating oils and their mixtures as an altern...吉成 朴
This document studies different types of insulating oils and their mixtures as alternatives to mineral oil for cooling power transformers. It presents an experimental study comparing the physicochemical characteristics of mineral oil, olive oil, sunflower oil, and their mixtures. The results of tests on new and aged oil samples show that a half mixture of naphthenic oil and olive oil could be a potential insulating liquid for electrical devices, especially power transformers in hot climate regions.
Palm Oil As An Alternative Dielectric Transformer CoolantIJRES Journal
This document investigates the use of refined bleached and deodorized palm oil as an alternative dielectric coolant for distribution transformers. Key findings include:
1) The dielectric properties of palm oil, including breakdown voltage, loss tangent, relative permittivity, and humidity content, were tested and found to meet or exceed standards for transformer oils.
2) Breakdown voltage of palm oil was higher than mineral oil initially and remained satisfactory after aging. Loss tangent and relative permittivity also met requirements.
3) Humidity was lower in palm oil and increased less than mineral oil during aging.
4) Based on its electrical and environmental properties, palm oil is recommended as a practical alternative coolant that
IRJET - Concept of Nano Fluid in Heat Transfer Applications: A ReviewIRJET Journal
This document reviews the concept and applications of nanofluids in heat transfer. Nanofluids are fluids containing nanometer-sized solid particles that can enhance thermal conductivity and other properties. The document discusses how nanofluids can increase the efficiency of various thermal devices by increasing heat transfer rates. Specifically, it describes how nanofluids have been used to improve the performance of solar stills for desalination, heat exchangers, and solar collectors by increasing evaporation and heat transfer rates. The effectiveness of heat exchangers can be increased by 8% by using nanofluids instead of plain water as the cooling fluid. Overall, the document examines how nanofluids can lead to more effective utilization of energy and reduction of
IRJET- Effect of Volume Concentration on Various Thermo-Physical Properties o...IRJET Journal
This document presents a theoretical analysis of the effect of volume concentration on various thermo-physical properties of copper oxide (CuO) nanofluid used in a flat plate solar collector. A mathematical model and MATLAB code were developed to calculate properties like density, specific heat, thermal conductivity, viscosity, and Nusselt number. The results showed that density, viscosity, and thermal conductivity increased with higher nanoparticle volume concentration, while specific heat decreased. The Nusselt number also increased with higher volume concentration and larger nanoparticle diameter. In conclusion, CuO nanofluid can enhance the efficiency of flat plate solar collectors due to improved thermo-physical properties at higher nanoparticle concentrations and diameters.
IRJET- Testing and Analysis of Shell and Tube Heat Exchanger by using Nan...IRJET Journal
This document discusses testing and analysis of a shell and tube heat exchanger using an alumina-water nanofluid. Key points include:
- Nanofluids are fluids containing nanoparticles that can enhance heat transfer properties compared to base fluids like water. Alumina nanoparticles were used here.
- Experiments were conducted on a shell and tube heat exchanger to analyze the effect of nanofluid on thermal conductivity and heat transfer performance.
- Results showed the nanofluid increased thermal conductivity and heat transfer coefficient compared to water alone, with higher enhancement at a 2% nanoparticle concentration. Friction factor also increased due to higher nanofluid viscosity.
IRJET- An Experimental Effect of ZnO Nanoparticles in SAE 20W50 OilIRJET Journal
This document presents an experimental study on the effect of adding ZnO nanoparticles to SAE 20W50 engine oil on the oil's viscosity. Samples were prepared with ZnO nanoparticle concentrations of 0.125-1.5% mixed into the base oil. The viscosity of the nanofluid samples was measured at temperatures from 30-50°C using a Saybolt viscometer. Results showed that the viscosity of the nanofluid increased by 30-37% compared to the base oil, with higher viscosities at higher nanoparticle concentrations. This suggests ZnO nanoparticles have the potential to improve engine lubrication performance by increasing oil viscosity.
EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION ON FREE CONVECTION HEAT TRANSFER AUGMENTATION USIN...IRJET Journal
This document experimentally investigates heat transfer augmentation using transformer oil mixed with copper oxide (Cuo) nanofluid. The study constructed an experimental setup to test different volume fractions of Cuo nanofluid (0.05%, 0.1%, 0.15%, 0.2%) under various heat inputs. Results found heat transfer coefficient increased up to 0.15% volume fraction compared to transformer oil alone, but decreased at higher concentrations due to nanoparticle aggregation. The maximum enhancement of 17.8% in heat transfer coefficient occurred at 0.15% volume fraction and 50W heat input. Magnetic stirring for 1 hour and ultrasonication for 30 minutes were used to achieve stable nanofluid suspensions. In conclusion, natural convective heat transfer
1) The document analyzes the performance of a domestic refrigerator using nanofluids made of PAG oil and different mass fractions of Al2O3 nanoparticles, with R134a as the refrigerant.
2) Experiments show that using nanofluids reduces energy consumption by up to 26.6% and increases the freezing capacity of the refrigerator, compared to using PAG oil alone.
3) The coefficient of performance (COP) of the refrigerator is improved by up to 39.46% when using a 1.42% mass fraction of Al2O3 nanoparticles in the PAG oil. Higher nanoparticle concentrations lead to better thermal conductivity and heat transfer, enhancing refrigerator performance.
This technical seminar presented an overview of nanofluids. Nanofluids are fluids containing nanometer-sized particles that are suspended in a base fluid like water or ethylene glycol. Two common production methods for nanofluids are the two-step process and one-step process. Research has found that nanofluids can improve thermal conductivity by up to 60% compared to base fluids alone. Factors like particle size, shape, concentration, and temperature affect thermal conductivity. While nanofluids show promising properties for applications like cooling and heating, challenges remain around production costs, stability, and viscosity.
Stability Test of Copper Oxide Nanofluid Prepared using Two Step MethodIRJET Journal
This document summarizes research on the stability of a copper oxide nanofluid prepared using the two-step method. Copper oxide nanoparticles were first synthesized using a sol-gel auto combustion method, then dispersed in sunflower oil to create the nanofluid. X-ray diffraction analysis found the average particle size to be 18.4 nm. A stability test by sedimentation over 50 days showed no change for the first 20 days, with some settling observed after 50 days, indicating the nanofluid was stable for approximately 25 days. In conclusion, a copper oxide nanofluid was successfully produced and characterized, with stability observed over 25 days.
A Review on Nanomaterial Revolution in Oil and Gas Industry for EOR (Enhanced...CrimsonPublishersRDMS
A Review on Nanomaterial Revolution in Oil and Gas Industry for EOR (Enhanced Oil Recovery) Methods by Veluru Jagadeesh Babu* in Crimson Publishers: Peer Reviewed Material Science Journals
Performance and Emission Characteristics of Nano Biodiesel Blends Fuelled wit...IRJET Journal
This document discusses a study that investigated the performance and emissions of a diesel engine fueled with blends of dairy scum methyl ester (DSME) biodiesel and multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) nanoparticles. MWCNT-blended biodiesel fuels were prepared with MWCNT concentrations of 20, 40, and 60 parts per million. The blended fuels were tested in a direct injection diesel engine and evaluated based on brake thermal efficiency, brake specific fuel consumption, and exhaust emissions. The results showed that the biodiesel blend with 60ppm MWCNT exhibited higher brake thermal efficiency and lower brake specific fuel consumption and emissions compared to the blends with 20ppm and 40
Virgin coconut oil dielectrical properties as electrical insulation materialjournalBEEI
Mineral oil played an important role as insulating liquid such as to reduce failure, ageing effect, increase the life span and heat transfer agent. Mineral oil had a good dielectric strength and cooling performance but it had serious negative environmental impact like non-biodegradable, non-renewable resource and difficult to dispose when it deteriorates completely. Hence, virgin coconut oil (VCO) was chosen as alternative to replace mineral oil since it biodegrades completely without toxic and easy to get in the tropical country. Three dielectric tests were conducted to investigate the dielectric properties of VCO. Those were breakdown voltage, water content and kinematic viscosity. A study about the effect of the moisture level of VCO on the breakdown voltage and kinematic viscosity was also presented. VCO and mineral oil also undergone heating process to reduce moisture in sample. The study showed that VCO has good potential breakdown voltage with the ability to absorb a lot of moisture keeping the KRAFT paper dry. However, VCO had very high kinematic viscosity compared to mineral oil. Further, the rate of breakdown voltage decreases with increasing of moisture of VCO was lower than mineral oil.
Enhancement of rate of heat transfer using nano fluidsSharathKumar528
Nano fluids as coolants and lubricants is still very primitive in technology. This presentation explores the future of nano fluids for enhanced heat transfer.
The document investigates the suitability of groundnut and coconut oils for high voltage insulation as alternatives to mineral oil. Tests were conducted on samples of groundnut oil, coconut oil, and mineral oil (transformer oil) including pour point, flash point, aging, moisture content, and dielectric strength tests. Results showed that groundnut oil has better insulating properties than coconut oil, with dielectric strengths of 30kV and 4kV respectively. Groundnut oil also had lower moisture content and peroxide values, indicating it could potentially be used as transformer oil up to 66kV systems. Coconut oil was found unsuitable for high voltage due to its low dielectric strength but may be suitable for low voltage insulation. Both oils are biodegrad
This document summarizes a study that investigated heat transfer in a plate heat exchanger using water-based TiO2 nanofluids. Two different weight fractions (0.1% and 0.5%) of TiO2 nanofluids were prepared and their heat transfer performance was experimentally tested in the plate heat exchanger. The results showed that the 0.5% nanofluid provided significant enhancement of the overall heat transfer coefficient at higher Reynolds numbers compared to water, while the 0.1% nanofluid showed a decrease compared to water.
This document summarizes a study on heat transfer enhancement using TiO2 nanofluids in a plate heat exchanger. Two concentrations of TiO2 nanofluids (0.1% and 0.5% by weight) were tested and their heat transfer coefficients were compared to water. The results showed that at higher Reynolds numbers, the 0.5% nanofluid provided significant enhancement over water, while the 0.1% nanofluid showed a decrease in heat transfer coefficient compared to water. Overall, nanofluids can increase heat transfer at higher flow rates but may decrease it at lower flow rates compared to the base fluid alone.
Manufacturing of Sodium Titanate from Egyptian Rutile Concentrate for Welding...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes research on manufacturing sodium titanate from Egyptian rutile concentrate for use as an additive in welding fluxes. Thermodynamic calculations were conducted to determine optimal reaction temperatures and experimental conditions. Rutile and sodium carbonate were roasted at different temperatures, holding times, and concentration ratios to produce sodium titanate. X-ray diffraction was used to analyze the produced phases. Sodium titanate samples were added to welding fluxes and the effects on arc stability were evaluated visually and through sensors during arc welding tests. The results showed that roasting rutile and sodium carbonate at a ratio of 1.5:1 at 900°C for 2 hours produced phases of Na2Ti3O7 and Na2Ti3
Similar to Investigation of the Dielectric Performance of Mineral Oil -Based Nanofluids (20)
‘Six Sigma Technique’ A Journey Through its Implementationijtsrd
The manufacturing industries all over the world are facing tough challenges for growth, development and sustainability in today’s competitive environment. They have to achieve apex position by adapting with the global competitive environment by delivering goods and services at low cost, prime quality and better price to increase wealth and consumer satisfaction. Cost Management ensures profit, growth and sustainability of the business with implementation of Continuous Improvement Technique like Six Sigma. This leads to optimize Business performance. The method drives for customer satisfaction, low variation, reduction in waste and cycle time resulting into a competitive advantage over other industries which did not implement it. The main objective of this paper ‘Six Sigma Technique A Journey Through Its Implementation’ is to conceptualize the effectiveness of Six Sigma Technique through the journey of its implementation. Aditi Sunilkumar Ghosalkar "‘Six Sigma Technique’: A Journey Through its Implementation" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64546.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/64546/‘six-sigma-technique’-a-journey-through-its-implementation/aditi-sunilkumar-ghosalkar
Edge Computing in Space Enhancing Data Processing and Communication for Space...ijtsrd
Edge computing, a paradigm that involves processing data closer to its source, has gained significant attention for its potential to revolutionize data processing and communication in space missions. With the increasing complexity and data volume generated by modern space missions, traditional centralized computing approaches face challenges related to latency, bandwidth, and security. Edge computing in space, involving on board processing and analysis of data, offers promising solutions to these challenges. This paper explores the concept of edge computing in space, its benefits, applications, and future prospects in enhancing space missions. Manish Verma "Edge Computing in Space: Enhancing Data Processing and Communication for Space Missions" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64541.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/computer-science/artificial-intelligence/64541/edge-computing-in-space-enhancing-data-processing-and-communication-for-space-missions/manish-verma
Dynamics of Communal Politics in 21st Century India Challenges and Prospectsijtsrd
Communal politics in India has evolved through centuries, weaving a complex tapestry shaped by historical legacies, colonial influences, and contemporary socio political transformations. This research comprehensively examines the dynamics of communal politics in 21st century India, emphasizing its historical roots, socio political dynamics, economic implications, challenges, and prospects for mitigation. The historical perspective unravels the intricate interplay of religious identities and power dynamics from ancient civilizations to the impact of colonial rule, providing insights into the evolution of communalism. The socio political dynamics section delves into the contemporary manifestations, exploring the roles of identity politics, socio economic disparities, and globalization. The economic implications section highlights how communal politics intersects with economic issues, perpetuating disparities and influencing resource allocation. Challenges posed by communal politics are scrutinized, revealing multifaceted issues ranging from social fragmentation to threats against democratic values. The prospects for mitigation present a multifaceted approach, incorporating policy interventions, community engagement, and educational initiatives. The paper conducts a comparative analysis with international examples, identifying common patterns such as identity politics and economic disparities. It also examines unique challenges, emphasizing Indias diverse religious landscape, historical legacy, and secular framework. Lessons for effective strategies are drawn from international experiences, offering insights into inclusive policies, interfaith dialogue, media regulation, and global cooperation. By scrutinizing historical epochs, contemporary dynamics, economic implications, and international comparisons, this research provides a comprehensive understanding of communal politics in India. The proposed strategies for mitigation underscore the importance of a holistic approach to foster social harmony, inclusivity, and democratic values. Rose Hossain "Dynamics of Communal Politics in 21st Century India: Challenges and Prospects" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64528.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/history/64528/dynamics-of-communal-politics-in-21st-century-india-challenges-and-prospects/rose-hossain
Assess Perspective and Knowledge of Healthcare Providers Towards Elehealth in...ijtsrd
Background and Objective Telehealth has become a well known tool for the delivery of health care in Saudi Arabia, and the perspective and knowledge of healthcare providers are influential in the implementation, adoption and advancement of the method. This systematic review was conducted to examine the current literature base regarding telehealth and the related healthcare professional perspective and knowledge in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Materials and Methods This systematic review was conducted by searching 7 databases including, MEDLINE, CINHAL, Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, PsycINFO, and ProQuest Central. Studies on healthcare practitioners telehealth knowledge and perspectives published in English in Saudi Arabia from 2000 to 2023 were included. Boland directed this comprehensive review. The researchers examined each connected study using the AXIS tool, which evaluates cross sectional systematic reviews. Narrative synthesis was used to summarise and convey the data. Results Out of 1840 search results, 10 studies were included. Positive outlook and limited knowledge among providers were seen across trials. Healthcare professionals like telehealth for its ability to improve quality, access, and delivery, save time and money, and be successful. Age, gender, occupation, and work experience also affect health workers knowledge. In Saudi Arabia, healthcare professionals face inadequate expert assistance, patient privacy, internet connection concerns, lack of training courses, lack of telehealth understanding, and high costs while performing telemedicine. Conclusions Healthcare practitioners telehealth perceptions and knowledge were examined in this systematic study. Its collection of concerned experts different personal attitudes and expertise would help enhance telehealths implementation in Saudi Arabia, develop its healthcare delivery alternative, and eliminate frequent problems. Badriah Mousa I Mulayhi | Dr. Jomin George | Judy Jenkins "Assess Perspective and Knowledge of Healthcare Providers Towards Elehealth in Saudi Arabia: A Systematic Review" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64535.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/other/64535/assess-perspective-and-knowledge-of-healthcare-providers-towards-elehealth-in-saudi-arabia-a-systematic-review/badriah-mousa-i-mulayhi
The Impact of Digital Media on the Decentralization of Power and the Erosion ...ijtsrd
The impact of digital media on the distribution of power and the weakening of traditional gatekeepers has gained considerable attention in recent years. The adoption of digital technologies and the internet has resulted in declining influence and power for traditional gatekeepers such as publishing houses and news organizations. Simultaneously, digital media has facilitated the emergence of new voices and players in the media industry. Digital medias impact on power decentralization and gatekeeper erosion is visible in several ways. One significant aspect is the democratization of information, which enables anyone with an internet connection to publish and share content globally, leading to citizen journalism and bypassing traditional gatekeepers. Another aspect is the disruption of conventional media industry business models, as traditional organizations struggle to adjust to the decrease in advertising revenue and the rise of digital platforms. Alternative business models, such as subscription models and crowdfunding, have become more prevalent, leading to the emergence of new players. Overall, the impact of digital media on the distribution of power and the weakening of traditional gatekeepers has brought about significant changes in the media landscape and the way information is shared. Further research is required to fully comprehend the implications of these changes and their impact on society. Dr. Kusum Lata "The Impact of Digital Media on the Decentralization of Power and the Erosion of Traditional Gatekeepers" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64544.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/political-science/64544/the-impact-of-digital-media-on-the-decentralization-of-power-and-the-erosion-of-traditional-gatekeepers/dr-kusum-lata
Online Voices, Offline Impact Ambedkars Ideals and Socio Political Inclusion ...ijtsrd
This research investigates the nexus between online discussions on Dr. B.R. Ambedkars ideals and their impact on social inclusion among college students in Gurugram, Haryana. Surveying 240 students from 12 government colleges, findings indicate that 65 actively engage in online discussions, with 80 demonstrating moderate to high awareness of Ambedkars ideals. Statistically significant correlations reveal that higher online engagement correlates with increased awareness p 0.05 and perceived social inclusion. Variations across colleges and a notable effect of college type on perceived social inclusion highlight the influence of contextual factors. Furthermore, the intersectional analysis underscores nuanced differences based on gender, caste, and socio economic status. Dr. Kusum Lata "Online Voices, Offline Impact: Ambedkar's Ideals and Socio-Political Inclusion - A Study of Gurugram District" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64543.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/political-science/64543/online-voices-offline-impact-ambedkars-ideals-and-sociopolitical-inclusion--a-study-of-gurugram-district/dr-kusum-lata
Problems and Challenges of Agro Entreprenurship A Studyijtsrd
Noting calls for contextualizing Agro entrepreneurs problems and challenges of the agro entrepreneurs and for greater attention to the Role of entrepreneurs in agro entrepreneurship research, we conduct a systematic literature review of extent research in agriculture entrepreneurship to overcome the study objectives of complications of agro entrepreneurs through various factors, Development of agriculture products is a key factor for the overall economic growth of agro entrepreneurs Agro Entrepreneurs produces firsthand large scale employment, utilizes the labor and natural resources, This research outlines the problems of Weather and Soil Erosions, Market price fluctuation, stimulates labor cost problems, reduces concentration of Price volatility, Dependency on Intermediaries, induces Limited Bargaining Power, and Storage and Transportation Costs. This paper mainly devoted to highlight Problems and challenges faced for the sustainable of Agro Entrepreneurs in India. Vinay Prasad B "Problems and Challenges of Agro Entreprenurship - A Study" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64540.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/64540/problems-and-challenges-of-agro-entreprenurship--a-study/vinay-prasad-b
Comparative Analysis of Total Corporate Disclosure of Selected IT Companies o...ijtsrd
Disclosure is a process through which a business enterprise communicates with external parties. A corporate disclosure is communication of financial and non financial information of the activities of a business enterprise to the interested entities. Corporate disclosure is done through publishing annual reports. So corporate disclosure through annual reports plays a vital role in the life of all the companies and provides valuable information to investors. The basic objectives of corporate disclosure is to give a true and fair view of companies to the parties related either directly or indirectly like owner, government, creditors, shareholders etc. in the companies act, provisions have been made about mandatory and voluntary disclosure. The IT sector in India is rapidly growing, the trend to invest in the IT sector is rising and employment opportunities in IT sectors are also increasing. Therefore the IT sector is expected to have fair, full and adequate disclosure of all information. Unfair and incomplete disclosure may adversely affect the entire economy. A research study on disclosure practices of IT companies could play an important role in this regard. Hence, the present research study has been done to study and review comparative analysis of total corporate disclosure of selected IT companies of India and to put forward overall findings and suggestions with a view to increase disclosure score of these companies. The researcher hopes that the present research study will be helpful to all selected Companies for improving level of corporate disclosure through annual reports as well as the government, creditors, investors, all business organizations and upcoming researcher for comparative analyses of level of corporate disclosure with special reference to selected IT companies. Dr. Vaibhavi D. Thaker "Comparative Analysis of Total Corporate Disclosure of Selected IT Companies of India" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64539.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/64539/comparative-analysis-of-total-corporate-disclosure-of-selected-it-companies-of-india/dr-vaibhavi-d-thaker
The Impact of Educational Background and Professional Training on Human Right...ijtsrd
This study investigated the impact of educational background and professional training on human rights awareness among secondary school teachers in the Marathwada region of Maharashtra, India. The key findings reveal that higher levels of education, particularly a master’s degree, and fields of study related to education, humanities, or social sciences are associated with greater human rights awareness among teachers. Additionally, both pre service teacher training and in service professional development programs focused on human rights education significantly enhance teacher’s knowledge, skills, and competencies in promoting human rights principles in their classrooms. Baig Ameer Bee Mirza Abdul Aziz | Dr. Syed Azaz Ali Amjad Ali "The Impact of Educational Background and Professional Training on Human Rights Awareness among Secondary School Teachers" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64529.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/64529/the-impact-of-educational-background-and-professional-training-on-human-rights-awareness-among-secondary-school-teachers/baig-ameer-bee-mirza-abdul-aziz
A Study on the Effective Teaching Learning Process in English Curriculum at t...ijtsrd
“One Language sets you in a corridor for life. Two languages open every door along the way” Frank Smith English as a foreign language or as a second language has been ruling in India since the period of Lord Macaulay. But the question is how much we teach or learn English properly in our culture. Is there any scope to use English as a language rather than a subject How much we learn or teach English without any interference of mother language specially in the classroom teaching learning scenario in West Bengal By considering all these issues the researcher has attempted in this article to focus on the effective teaching learning process comparing to other traditional strategies in the field of English curriculum at the secondary level to investigate whether they fulfill the present teaching learning requirements or not by examining the validity of the present curriculum of English. The purpose of this study is to focus on the effectiveness of the systematic, scientific, sequential and logical transaction of the course between the teachers and the learners in the perspective of the 5Es programme that is engage, explore, explain, extend and evaluate. Sanchali Mondal | Santinath Sarkar "A Study on the Effective Teaching Learning Process in English Curriculum at the Secondary Level of West Bengal" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd62412.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/62412/a-study-on-the-effective-teaching-learning-process-in-english-curriculum-at-the-secondary-level-of-west-bengal/sanchali-mondal
The Role of Mentoring and Its Influence on the Effectiveness of the Teaching ...ijtsrd
This paper reports on a study which was conducted to investigate the role of mentoring and its influence on the effectiveness of the teaching of Physics in secondary schools in the South West Region of Cameroon. The study adopted the convergent parallel mixed methods design, focusing on respondents in secondary schools in the South West Region of Cameroon. Both quantitative and qualitative data were collected, analysed separately, and the results were compared to see if the findings confirm or disconfirm each other. The quantitative analysis found that majority of the respondents 72 of Physics teachers affirmed that they had more experienced colleagues as mentors to help build their confidence, improve their teaching, and help them improve their effectiveness and efficiency in guiding learners’ achievements. Only 28 of the respondents disagreed with these statements. With majority respondents 72 agreeing with the statements, it implies that in most secondary schools, experienced Physics teachers act as mentors to build teachers’ confidence in teaching and improving students’ learning. The interview qualitative data analysis summarized how secondary school Principals use meetings with mentors and mentees to promote mentorship in the school milieu. This has helped strengthen teachers’ classroom practices in secondary schools in the South West Region of Cameroon. With the results confirming each other, the study recommends that mentoring should focus on helping teachers employ social interactions and instructional practices feedback and clarity in teaching that have direct measurable impact on students’ learning achievements. Andrew Ngeim Sumba | Frederick Ebot Ashu | Peter Agborbechem Tambi "The Role of Mentoring and Its Influence on the Effectiveness of the Teaching of Physics in Secondary Schools in the South West Region of Cameroon" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64524.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/management-development/64524/the-role-of-mentoring-and-its-influence-on-the-effectiveness-of-the-teaching-of-physics-in-secondary-schools-in-the-south-west-region-of-cameroon/andrew-ngeim-sumba
Design Simulation and Hardware Construction of an Arduino Microcontroller Bas...ijtsrd
This study primarily focuses on the design of a high side buck converter using an Arduino microcontroller. The converter is specifically intended for use in DC DC applications, particularly in standalone solar PV systems where the PV output voltage exceeds the load or battery voltage. To evaluate the performance of the converter, simulation experiments are conducted using Proteus Software. These simulations provide insights into the input and output voltages, currents, powers, and efficiency under different state of charge SoC conditions of a 12V,70Ah rechargeable lead acid battery. Additionally, the hardware design of the converter is implemented, and practical data is collected through operation, monitoring, and recording. By comparing the simulation results with the practical results, the efficiency and performance of the designed converter are assessed. The findings indicate that while the buck converter is suitable for practical use in standalone PV systems, its efficiency is compromised due to a lower output current. Chan Myae Aung | Dr. Ei Mon "Design Simulation and Hardware Construction of an Arduino-Microcontroller Based DC-DC High-Side Buck Converter for Standalone PV System" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64518.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/mechanical-engineering/64518/design-simulation-and-hardware-construction-of-an-arduinomicrocontroller-based-dcdc-highside-buck-converter-for-standalone-pv-system/chan-myae-aung
Sustainable Energy by Paul A. Adekunte | Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Janet O. Sadikuijtsrd
Energy becomes sustainable if it meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. Some of the definitions of sustainable energy include the considerations of environmental aspects such as greenhouse gas emissions, social, and economic aspects such as energy poverty. Generally far more sustainable than fossil fuel are renewable energy sources such as wind, hydroelectric power, solar, and geothermal energy sources. Worthy of note is that some renewable energy projects, like the clearing of forests to produce biofuels, can cause severe environmental damage. The sustainability of nuclear power which is a low carbon source is highly debated because of concerns about radioactive waste, nuclear proliferation, and accidents. The switching from coal to natural gas has environmental benefits, including a lower climate impact, but could lead to delay in switching to more sustainable options. “Carbon capture and storage” can be built into power plants to remove the carbon dioxide CO2 emissions, but this technology is expensive and has rarely been implemented. Leading non renewable energy sources around the world is fossil fuels, coal, petroleum, and natural gas. Nuclear energy is usually considered another non renewable energy source, although nuclear energy itself is a renewable energy source, but the material used in nuclear power plants is not. The paper addresses the issue of sustainable energy, its attendant benefits to the future generation, and humanity in general. Paul A. Adekunte | Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Janet O. Sadiku "Sustainable Energy" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64534.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/64534/sustainable-energy/paul-a-adekunte
Concepts for Sudan Survey Act Implementations Executive Regulations and Stand...ijtsrd
This paper aims to outline the executive regulations, survey standards, and specifications required for the implementation of the Sudan Survey Act, and for regulating and organizing all surveying work activities in Sudan. The act has been discussed for more than 5 years. The Land Survey Act was initiated by the Sudan Survey Authority and all official legislations were headed by the Sudan Ministry of Justice till it was issued in 2022. The paper presents conceptual guidelines to be used for the Survey Act implementation and to regulate the survey work practice, standardizing the field surveys, processing, quality control, procedures, and the processes related to survey work carried out by the stakeholders and relevant authorities in Sudan. The conceptual guidelines are meant to improve the quality and harmonization of geospatial data and to aid decision making processes as well as geospatial information systems. The established comprehensive executive regulations will govern and regulate the implementation of the Sudan Survey Geomatics Act in all surveying and mapping practices undertaken by the Sudan Survey Authority SSA and state local survey departments for public or private sector organizations. The targeted standards and specifications include the reference frame, projection, coordinate systems, and the guidelines and specifications that must be followed in the field of survey work, processes, and mapping products. In the last few decades, there has been a growing awareness of the importance of geomatics activities and measurements on the Earths surface in space and time, together with observing and mapping the changes. In such cases, data must be captured promptly, standardized, and obtained with more accuracy and specified in much detail. The paper will also highlight the current situation in Sudan, the degree to which survey standards are used, the problems encountered, and the errors that arise from not using the standards and survey specifications. Kamal A. A. Sami "Concepts for Sudan Survey Act Implementations - Executive Regulations and Standards" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63484.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/63484/concepts-for-sudan-survey-act-implementations--executive-regulations-and-standards/kamal-a-a-sami
Towards the Implementation of the Sudan Interpolated Geoid Model Khartoum Sta...ijtsrd
The discussions between ellipsoid and geoid have invoked many researchers during the recent decades, especially during the GNSS technology era, which had witnessed a great deal of development but still geoid undulation requires more investigations. To figure out a solution for Sudans local geoid, this research has tried to intake the possibility of determining the geoid model by following two approaches, gravimetric and geometrical geoid model determination, by making use of GNSS leveling benchmarks at Khartoum state. The Benchmarks are well distributed in the study area, in which, the horizontal coordinates and the height above the ellipsoid have been observed by GNSS while orthometric heights were carried out using precise leveling. The Global Geopotential Model GGM represented in EGM2008 has been exploited to figure out the geoid undulation at the benchmarks in the study area. This is followed by a fitting process, that has been done to suit the geoid undulation data which has been computed using GNSS leveling data and geoid undulation inspired by the EGM2008. Two geoid surfaces were created after the fitting process to ensure that they are identical and both of them could be counted for getting the same geoid undulation with an acceptable accuracy. In this respect, statistical operation played an important role in ensuring the consistency and integrity of the model by applying cross validation techniques splitting the data into training and testing datasets for building the geoid model and testing its eligibility. The geometrical solution for geoid undulation computation has been utilized by applying straightforward equations that facilitate the calculation of the geoid undulation directly through applying statistical techniques for the GNSS leveling data of the study area to get the common equation parameters values that could be utilized to calculate geoid undulation of any position in the study area within the claimed accuracy. Both systems were checked and proved eligible to be used within the study area with acceptable accuracy which may contribute to solving the geoid undulation problem in the Khartoum area, and be further generalized to determine the geoid model over the entire country, and this could be considered in the future, for regional and continental geoid model. Ahmed M. A. Mohammed. | Kamal A. A. Sami "Towards the Implementation of the Sudan Interpolated Geoid Model (Khartoum State Case Study)" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63483.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/63483/towards-the-implementation-of-the-sudan-interpolated-geoid-model-khartoum-state-case-study/ahmed-m-a-mohammed
Activating Geospatial Information for Sudans Sustainable Investment Mapijtsrd
Sudan is witnessing an acceleration in the processes of development and transformation in the performance of government institutions to raise the productivity and investment efficiency of the government sector. The development plans and investment opportunities have focused on achieving national goals in various sectors. This paper aims to illuminate the path to the future and provide geospatial data and information to develop the investment climate and environment for all sized businesses, and to bridge the development gap between the Sudan states. The Sudan Survey Authority SSA is the main advisor to the Sudan Government in conducting surveying, mappings, designing, and developing systems related to geospatial data and information. In recent years, SSA made a strategic partnership with the Ministry of Investment to activate Geospatial Information for Sudans Sustainable Investment and in particular, for the preparation and implementation of the Sudan investment map, based on the directives and objectives of the Ministry of Investment MI in Sudan. This paper comes within the framework of activating the efforts of the Ministry of Investment to develop technical investment services by applying techniques adopted by the Ministry and its strategic partners for advancing investment processes in the country. Kamal A. A. Sami "Activating Geospatial Information for Sudan's Sustainable Investment Map" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63482.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/information-technology/63482/activating-geospatial-information-for-sudans-sustainable-investment-map/kamal-a-a-sami
Educational Unity Embracing Diversity for a Stronger Societyijtsrd
In a rapidly changing global landscape, the importance of education as a unifying force cannot be overstated. This paper explores the crucial role of educational unity in fostering a stronger and more inclusive society through the embrace of diversity. By examining the benefits of diverse learning environments, the paper aims to highlight the positive impact on societal strength. The discussion encompasses various dimensions, from curriculum design to classroom dynamics, and emphasizes the need for educational institutions to become catalysts for unity in diversity. It highlights the need for a paradigm shift in educational policies, curricula, and pedagogical approaches to ensure that they are reflective of the diverse fabric of society. This paper also addresses the challenges associated with implementing inclusive educational practices and offers practical strategies for overcoming barriers. It advocates for collaborative efforts between educational institutions, policymakers, and communities to create a supportive ecosystem that promotes diversity and unity. Mr. Amit Adhikari | Madhumita Teli | Gopal Adhikari "Educational Unity: Embracing Diversity for a Stronger Society" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64525.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/64525/educational-unity-embracing-diversity-for-a-stronger-society/mr-amit-adhikari
Integration of Indian Indigenous Knowledge System in Management Prospects and...ijtsrd
The diversity of indigenous knowledge systems in India is vast and can vary significantly between different communities and regions. Preserving and respecting these knowledge systems is crucial for maintaining cultural heritage, promoting sustainable practices, and fostering cross cultural understanding. In this paper, an overview of the prospects and challenges associated with incorporating Indian indigenous knowledge into management is explored. It is found that IIKS helps in management in many areas like sustainable development, tourism, food security, natural resource management, cultural preservation and innovation, etc. However, IIKS integration with management faces some challenges in the form of a lack of documentation, cultural sensitivity, language barriers legal framework, etc. Savita Lathwal "Integration of Indian Indigenous Knowledge System in Management: Prospects and Challenges" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63500.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/accounting-and-finance/63500/integration-of-indian-indigenous-knowledge-system-in-management-prospects-and-challenges/savita-lathwal
DeepMask Transforming Face Mask Identification for Better Pandemic Control in...ijtsrd
The COVID 19 pandemic has highlighted the crucial need of preventive measures, with widespread use of face masks being a key method for slowing the viruss spread. This research investigates face mask identification using deep learning as a technological solution to be reducing the risk of coronavirus transmission. The proposed method uses state of the art convolutional neural networks CNNs and transfer learning to automatically recognize persons who are not wearing masks in a variety of circumstances. We discuss how this strategy improves public health and safety by providing an efficient manner of enforcing mask wearing standards. The report also discusses the obstacles, ethical concerns, and prospective applications of face mask detection systems in the ongoing fight against the pandemic. Dilip Kumar Sharma | Aaditya Yadav "DeepMask: Transforming Face Mask Identification for Better Pandemic Control in the COVID-19 Era" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64522.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electronics-and-communication-engineering/64522/deepmask-transforming-face-mask-identification-for-better-pandemic-control-in-the-covid19-era/dilip-kumar-sharma
Streamlining Data Collection eCRF Design and Machine Learningijtsrd
Efficient and accurate data collection is paramount in clinical trials, and the design of Electronic Case Report Forms eCRFs plays a pivotal role in streamlining this process. This paper explores the integration of machine learning techniques in the design and implementation of eCRFs to enhance data collection efficiency. We delve into the synergies between eCRF design principles and machine learning algorithms, aiming to optimize data quality, reduce errors, and expedite the overall data collection process. The application of machine learning in eCRF design brings forth innovative approaches to data validation, anomaly detection, and real time adaptability. This paper discusses the benefits, challenges, and future prospects of leveraging machine learning in eCRF design for streamlined and advanced data collection in clinical trials. Dhanalakshmi D | Vijaya Lakshmi Kannareddy "Streamlining Data Collection: eCRF Design and Machine Learning" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63515.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/biological-science/biotechnology/63515/streamlining-data-collection-ecrf-design-and-machine-learning/dhanalakshmi-d
Assessment and Planning in Educational technology.pptxKavitha Krishnan
In an education system, it is understood that assessment is only for the students, but on the other hand, the Assessment of teachers is also an important aspect of the education system that ensures teachers are providing high-quality instruction to students. The assessment process can be used to provide feedback and support for professional development, to inform decisions about teacher retention or promotion, or to evaluate teacher effectiveness for accountability purposes.
ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, and GDPR: Best Practices for Implementation and...PECB
Denis is a dynamic and results-driven Chief Information Officer (CIO) with a distinguished career spanning information systems analysis and technical project management. With a proven track record of spearheading the design and delivery of cutting-edge Information Management solutions, he has consistently elevated business operations, streamlined reporting functions, and maximized process efficiency.
Certified as an ISO/IEC 27001: Information Security Management Systems (ISMS) Lead Implementer, Data Protection Officer, and Cyber Risks Analyst, Denis brings a heightened focus on data security, privacy, and cyber resilience to every endeavor.
His expertise extends across a diverse spectrum of reporting, database, and web development applications, underpinned by an exceptional grasp of data storage and virtualization technologies. His proficiency in application testing, database administration, and data cleansing ensures seamless execution of complex projects.
What sets Denis apart is his comprehensive understanding of Business and Systems Analysis technologies, honed through involvement in all phases of the Software Development Lifecycle (SDLC). From meticulous requirements gathering to precise analysis, innovative design, rigorous development, thorough testing, and successful implementation, he has consistently delivered exceptional results.
Throughout his career, he has taken on multifaceted roles, from leading technical project management teams to owning solutions that drive operational excellence. His conscientious and proactive approach is unwavering, whether he is working independently or collaboratively within a team. His ability to connect with colleagues on a personal level underscores his commitment to fostering a harmonious and productive workplace environment.
Date: May 29, 2024
Tags: Information Security, ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, Artificial Intelligence, GDPR
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How to Build a Module in Odoo 17 Using the Scaffold MethodCeline George
Odoo provides an option for creating a module by using a single line command. By using this command the user can make a whole structure of a module. It is very easy for a beginner to make a module. There is no need to make each file manually. This slide will show how to create a module using the scaffold method.
Physiology and chemistry of skin and pigmentation, hairs, scalp, lips and nail, Cleansing cream, Lotions, Face powders, Face packs, Lipsticks, Bath products, soaps and baby product,
Preparation and standardization of the following : Tonic, Bleaches, Dentifrices and Mouth washes & Tooth Pastes, Cosmetics for Nails.
Executive Directors Chat Leveraging AI for Diversity, Equity, and InclusionTechSoup
Let’s explore the intersection of technology and equity in the final session of our DEI series. Discover how AI tools, like ChatGPT, can be used to support and enhance your nonprofit's DEI initiatives. Participants will gain insights into practical AI applications and get tips for leveraging technology to advance their DEI goals.
This presentation was provided by Steph Pollock of The American Psychological Association’s Journals Program, and Damita Snow, of The American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), for the initial session of NISO's 2024 Training Series "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape." Session One: 'Setting Expectations: a DEIA Primer,' was held June 6, 2024.
The simplified electron and muon model, Oscillating Spacetime: The Foundation...RitikBhardwaj56
Discover the Simplified Electron and Muon Model: A New Wave-Based Approach to Understanding Particles delves into a groundbreaking theory that presents electrons and muons as rotating soliton waves within oscillating spacetime. Geared towards students, researchers, and science buffs, this book breaks down complex ideas into simple explanations. It covers topics such as electron waves, temporal dynamics, and the implications of this model on particle physics. With clear illustrations and easy-to-follow explanations, readers will gain a new outlook on the universe's fundamental nature.
हिंदी वर्णमाला पीपीटी, hindi alphabet PPT presentation, hindi varnamala PPT, Hindi Varnamala pdf, हिंदी स्वर, हिंदी व्यंजन, sikhiye hindi varnmala, dr. mulla adam ali, hindi language and literature, hindi alphabet with drawing, hindi alphabet pdf, hindi varnamala for childrens, hindi language, hindi varnamala practice for kids, https://www.drmullaadamali.com
বাংলাদেশের অর্থনৈতিক সমীক্ষা ২০২৪ [Bangladesh Economic Review 2024 Bangla.pdf] কম্পিউটার , ট্যাব ও স্মার্ট ফোন ভার্সন সহ সম্পূর্ণ বাংলা ই-বুক বা pdf বই " সুচিপত্র ...বুকমার্ক মেনু 🔖 ও হাইপার লিংক মেনু 📝👆 যুক্ত ..
আমাদের সবার জন্য খুব খুব গুরুত্বপূর্ণ একটি বই ..বিসিএস, ব্যাংক, ইউনিভার্সিটি ভর্তি ও যে কোন প্রতিযোগিতা মূলক পরীক্ষার জন্য এর খুব ইম্পরট্যান্ট একটি বিষয় ...তাছাড়া বাংলাদেশের সাম্প্রতিক যে কোন ডাটা বা তথ্য এই বইতে পাবেন ...
তাই একজন নাগরিক হিসাবে এই তথ্য গুলো আপনার জানা প্রয়োজন ...।
বিসিএস ও ব্যাংক এর লিখিত পরীক্ষা ...+এছাড়া মাধ্যমিক ও উচ্চমাধ্যমিকের স্টুডেন্টদের জন্য অনেক কাজে আসবে ...
How to Fix the Import Error in the Odoo 17Celine George
An import error occurs when a program fails to import a module or library, disrupting its execution. In languages like Python, this issue arises when the specified module cannot be found or accessed, hindering the program's functionality. Resolving import errors is crucial for maintaining smooth software operation and uninterrupted development processes.
2. International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) @ www.ijtsrd.com eISSN: 2456-6470
@ IJTSRD | Unique Paper ID – IJTSRD29973 | Volume – 4 | Issue – 2 | January-February 2020 Page 430
Researchers have also investigated semiconducting and
insulating nanoparticles to offer more range of possible
alternatives. Du et.al, [9] presented a study of the effect of
adding semiconductingTitaniumOxide(TiO2)nanoparticles.
They measured the AC Breakdown Voltage of nanofluids
with different concentration ranging from 0.003 g/L to 0.05
g/L. The result indicated that the AC breakdown strength is
improved with the increase of concentration until a certain
concentration (0.006 g/L). When the concentration of
nanoparticlesisfurtherincreased,theACbreakdownvoltage
starts to decline and even reached a value lower than that of
bare oil. The authors reported thatthistendencyofdeclineis
due to agglomeration of nanoparticles which result in
reduction of breakdown voltage of nanofluid. Yu Wang, et.al
[10] investigated the AC breakdown voltage mineral oil-
based Al2O3 NF at different concentrations and relative
humidity. The results indicatedthatdifferentconcentrations
and relative humidity affect significantly the breakdown
voltage of oil. The breakdown voltage of the NF greatly
improved compared with that of bare oil with the
introduction of Al2O3 NPs at varying relative humidity.
The present work, as a first attempt in this way, intends to
investigate and compare the dielectric performance ofthree
different nanofluids containing; conductive (Zinc Oxide),
semi conductive (Titanium Oxide) and dielectric (Silicon
Dioxide) nanoparticles added in different concentrations in
mineral transformer oil. The AC breakdown voltage is
measured for the different nanofluid samples. Weibull
distribution is used to estimate and comparethebreakdown
probability among the different samples. Also, the relative
permittivity and DC conductivity is measuredandcompared
to investigate the influence of nanoparticletypeintomineral
oil.
II. Experimental Procedure
A. Samples Preparation
The base liquid used in this present work, was naphthenic
mineral oil, NYTRO LIBRA,uninhibitedtype, whichisgoodas
insulation and coolant. The specificationofthisinsulation oil
as provided by the manufacturer is shown in [11]. The
nanofluid samples are prepared by adding various
nanoparticles, namely Zinc Oxide, Titanium Dioxide and
Silica Oxide at different concentrations. The TEM images of
utilized nanoparticles are showninfig.1.Theconcentrations
of nanoparticles in the base mineral oil were in the range of
0.01% to 0.1% weight concentration (wt.). All utilized
nanoparticles were of size < 30 nm. The dispersion of
nanoparticles is done with the help of “two step method”.
Firstly, the solid nanoparticles quantities have been
weighted by using sensitive digital analytical balance and
specific amount were added to the base mineral oil to
achieve desirable concentrations. Then, magnetic stirrer
processes is applied for about 45 minutes, so that the
samples homogeneity can be achieved. Atthelaststep,ultra-
sonication process is involved for a period of two hour.After
preparation, the samples were dried in an air oven for 2
hours at 45 °C in order to remove all the small bubbles
created during ultra-sonication process. The work flow of
preparing stable nanofluids by using two-step method is
shown in Fig 2. All the prepared samples are preserved in
same conditions until the beginning of the dielectric tests.
(a) ( b) (c)
Fig.1 TEM images of (a) ZnO (b) TiO2 (c) SiO2 nanoparticles
Fig. 2 Nanofluids preparation work flow
B. AC Breakdown Voltage
The AC breakdown voltage was conducted according to the IEC60156 standard by using insulating oil tester set, model (T&R
Portatest 90s) with maximum applied voltage of 90 kV for 50 Hz. The electrode configuration consisted of two spherical brass
3. International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) @ www.ijtsrd.com eISSN: 2456-6470
@ IJTSRD | Unique Paper ID – IJTSRD29973 | Volume – 4 | Issue – 2 | January-February 2020 Page 431
electrodes with 13 mm diameter. The distance between the electrodes was kept constant at 2.5± 0.05 mm for all the
experiments. For the BDV experiments, only 300 ml of both transformer mineral oil and nanofluids was used which was
enough to immerse the electrodes completely in the transformer oil. The voltage was applied manually without interruption
from zero until the occurrence of breakdown with an increasing rate of approximately 2kV/s. Each sample was tested for
twelve BDV times and an average breakdown voltage and standarddeviation werecalculatedbasedonthreeindependenttests
(fresh samples were used for each test) for each type of samples. Related with the BDV tests, moisture content measurements
were also performed by using Karl-Fischer method (IEC 296), to ensure thatall experimentscarriedoutatthesameconditions
and to enable the comprehension of BDV results. The moisture content of all samples is being controlled at 20 – 25 ppm.
C. Relative Permittivity and DC Conductivity
Tests for relative permittivity and DC conductivity were measured based on standard test methods IEC 60247 using the
Automatic Dissipation Factor and Resistivity Test Equipment Dieltest DTL system (Baur), which uses the Schering Bridge
concept. The relative permittivity was measured using an AC electrical stress of 1kV/mm at standard frequency (i.e., 50 Hz)
while the conductivity was measured by applying a DC electrical stress of 250 V/mm for electrificationtimeofabout 1minute.
The experiments are conducted at several temperature ranges between 30 and 90 °C to study the relation between thermal
influence and dielectric parameters.
III. Results and Discussion
A. AC Breakdown Voltage
Fig. 3 shows the two-parameter Weibull analysis of the AC BDV of three types of tested nanofluids at different weight
percentages in comparison to bare mineral oil. The breakdown voltage at 50% cumulative probability is considered as the
estimated breakdown voltages for mineral oil and nanofluids. It can be seen that 50% BDV of all tested nanofluids are higher
than that of bare mineral oil whatever the type of nanoparticles. However, the optimal concentration to obtain the maximum
BDV is different for the three tested nanofluids. The maximum breakdown voltage is obtained with conductive ZnO
nanoparticles at a weight percentage concentration 0.06%; the 50% BDV is increased by 30%withrespecttobare mineral oil.
While with semi-conductive TiO2 NPs, maximum BDV is increased by around22.26%fora concentrationof0.1%.inthecaseof
SiO2NPs, the improvement with BDV is only of 14.8 % for 0.01 % concentrations. The parameters of the Weibull plots are
summarized in table.1.
90807060504030
99
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
5
3
2
1
Breakdown Voltage(KV)
CummulativeProbability%
MO
0.01%
0.02%
0.04%
0.06%
0.1%
Variable
(a) (b) (c)
Fig.3 Weibull probability plot for the AC breakdown voltages of nanofluids, (a) ZnO, (b) TiO2 and (c) SiO2 NFs
Table.1WEIBULL PARAMETERS FOR TESTED NANOFLUID SAMPLES
ZnO NFs TiO2 SiO2
(%wt.) 0.01 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.1 0.01 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.1 0.01 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.1
Scale
parameter (kV)
60.7 63.69 66.16 72.14 64.73 53.5 56.1 59.9 59.9 67.57 64.69 63.37 61.38 61.60 59.12
Shape
parameter
8.8 6.9 7.5 8.5 8.4 8.5 6.2 7.5 7.3 7.4 5.9 6.0 7.2 6.6 4.9
BD at 50%
probability (kV)
58.2 60.44 63.08 68.74 61.99 51.29 52.96 57.06 60.83 64.34 44.56 43.66 48.29 43.91 37.69
B. Relative Permittivity
The relative permittivity of the samples as a function of the temperature and nanoparticles concentration is shown in Fig.4.
From the measurements’ graphs, it can be seen that the relative permittivity values of all prepared NFs are higher than that of
the bare oil at the same experimental temperatures. The relative permittivity of all tested nanofluids showed a linearincrease
with nanoparticle weight percentage concentration. Forthesametemperaturelevel andNPsweightconcentration,theTiO2 NF
possesses the highest relative permittivity between all prepared samples. The relative permittivity of TiO2 NF reached 2.24at
0.1 wt. % concentration and temperature of 30oC, which is higher than bare oil by 1.2 times. The Sio2 –NF obtains the lowest
value in relative permittivity enhancement. Regarding the effectoftemperatureontherelative permittivityresultsofprepared
samples, the permittivity measurements of bare oil and nanofluids show a descending trend with the increasing in the
temperature.
As the temperature increase, the molecules of insulating oil gainmorethermal energy,sothattherandommovementsincrease
and dipoles reorientation process of oil samples decreases. This reduces the polarization process caused by orientation of
dipoles and consequently makes decreasing in the relative permittivity value [12, 13]. The higher relative permittivity of
4. International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) @ www.ijtsrd.com eISSN: 2456-6470
@ IJTSRD | Unique Paper ID – IJTSRD29973 | Volume – 4 | Issue – 2 | January-February 2020 Page 432
nanofluids is caused by the polar nature of the adding nanoparticles. Thereby, the higher relativepermittivityofthe additional
TiO2 nanoparticles compared with other additional NPs, the TiO2 NFs show the maximum improvement in the relative
permittivity.
(a) (b) (c)
Fig.4 Relative permittivity of nanofluids VS temperature at different concentrations (a) ZnO NF (b) TiO2 NF(c) SiO2
NF
C. DC Conductivity
Fig.5 represents the variation results of conductivity with temperature for pure mineral oil and tested nanofluids at different
nanoparticles concentrations. The experimental results reveal that the electrical conductivity increases with the increasing
nanoparticles concentrations in a like manner as permittivity.TheElectricconductivityofTiO2 NF at900Creached 1.25pS/mat
0.1% concentrations which is1.1 times larger than that of the bare mineral oil at the same condition.
The electrical conductivity also found to increase with increasing temperature in all prepared samples.Changingtemperature
alters the conductivity of insulating liquid by changing the activity of atoms within the material. The increment in electrical
conductivity of ZnO NF was 39% at 900C for 0.1% concentration. Seeing that with increasing the temperature, more free
electrons are released either by the dissociation of oil molecules itself or by the electrolyticimpurities,resultingintheincrease
of electrical conductivity []. Furthermore, since a rise in temperatureisaccompaniedbya decreaseintheviscosity,themobility
of the free charges increases resulting in a higher conductivity [].
(a) (b) (c)
Fig.5 Electrical Conductivity of nanofluids VS temperature at different concentrations (a) ZnO NF (b) TiO2 NF(c)
SiO2 NF
IV. Conclusion
This work discusses the effect of ZnO, TiO2 and SiO2
nanoparticles on dielectric characteristics of the mineral
transformer oil. As highlighted from the experimental
results, the dielectric characteristics change with the
addition of nanoparticles’ type and concentrations. Results
have shown positive effect under the point of view of some
dielectric characteristics. Varyingimprovementpercentages
in breakdown voltage and relative permittivity have been
achieved for the three tested nanofluids at the different
concentrations. On the contrary, presence of any types of
utilized nanoparticles causes increasing in DC conductivity.
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