This document outlines the planning and methodology for an experiment investigating how changing temperature (the independent variable) affects conductivity (the dependent variable). It describes the research question, background context, variables, equipment, method, data collection table format, data analysis through a graph, and conclusions. The experiment will measure conductivity at increasing 10 degree intervals using a thermometer and conductivity probe, recording results in a table. Data will then be analyzed using a scatter graph and trend line to describe the relationship.
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Investigation guide8 (updated oct 2016 for grade 8)
1. Planning
Research question: How does changing _____
(units) affect the _____ (units) of ______
Background:
Provide a context for the investigation
Provide overview of known related Science
Variables Factor Description
Independent Temperature Temperature will be changed by heating with a Bunsen
burner and measurements will be made every 10 degrees
as measured by a thermometer
Dependent Conductivity Measured using a LabPro conductivity probe
Fixed or
controlled
Controlled variables should be values which are actually maintained by action not just using the same equipment
2. Method
A list of the equipment including details of type and amount
A labelled diagram should be used to support method
The method should consist of numbered single instruction
sentences
Must include how to alter the independent variable, how to
measure the dependent variable and how to control other
variable
Must include taking at least 5 different values each with 3 trails
Highlight any safety precautions made in an additional box
Example
1. Set up equipment as shown in the diagram.
2. Use a measuring cylinder to collect 20ml of hydrochloric
acid.
3. Data Collection
Independent
Variable ±
uncertainty
(units)
Dependent Variable (units)
Trial 1 Trial 2 Trial 3 Average
Volume of
acid (ml)
Conductivity (μS/cm)
Trial 1 Trial 2 Trial 3 Average
10
20
30
40
50
General example
Example
Qualitative notes including any anomalies should be recorded after the results table
Remember you target is 5 sets of data each repeated 3 times
4. Data Analysis
•Construct a scatter graph with a trend line –
the independent variable should always be on
the x-axis
•Describe the graph trend in words and with a
mathematical formula. E.g. A straight line of best
fit with a positive gradient (y = 84x-2)
5. Conclusion
• Make a conclusive statement – what
did you find out
• Offer a scientific explanation
• Comment on the validity of your
findings
• Compared to theory
• Showing consistency of data
6. Evaluation
Issue Improvement
Volume of acid not controlled Measure 100ml with measuring
cylinder
The order of the issues should be used to show the relative impact on the
experiment – with the greatest impact first
