Measurement and Instrumentation LabLearning Objectives· Define.docxendawalling
Measurement and Instrumentation Lab
Learning Objectives
· Define the International System of Units (measurement system).
· Define a unit of measurement and demonstrate the ability to convert measurements.
· Define length, temperature, time, volume, mass, density, and concentration.
· Define significant figures and describe measurement techniques.
Introduction
Just like you and your friend communicate using the same language, scientists all over the world need to use the same language when reporting the measurements they make. This language is called the metric system. In this lesson we will cover the metric units for length, mass, density, volume and temperature, and also discuss how to convert among them.Metric Measurement
What do all of these words have in common: thermometer, barometer, diameter, odometer and parameter? All of these words end in -meter. You have probably heard this word before, but what does it mean? Meter at the end of a word means measure. You use all kinds of measurements each day. How much sugar is needed in the cookies you are baking? Will it be warm enough to leave your jacket at home? How fast are you driving? How much will a bag of apples cost? How much time will it take you to get home from work?
The units of measure in the English and metric systems
Most Americans are taught the English or standard system of measurement, but never get a good dose of the metric system. Lucky for you, it is a much easier system to learn than the English system because all the measurements are base 10 - meaning that when you are converting from one to another, you will always be multiplying or dividing by a multiple of 10. This is much easier than trying to do calculations between ounces and pounds, and feet and miles.
Because you may not be used to thinking metrically, it may take a little practice using and working with the metric system before you gain a better understanding of it and become more fluent in the measurement language of scientists (and most non-Americans). I challenge you to sprinkle a little more metric in your life. Maybe read the milliliter measurement on your soda can or glance at the kilometer reading on your speedometer. Being able to picture metric quantities will really help with the rest of this course.Length
We are going to start with the units of length so we can get back to this word meter that we started out with. The meter is the basic unit of length in the metric system. A meter is a tiny bit longer than a yard. For distances much longer than a meter, you would add the prefix kilo- to make the measurement kilometer. A kilometer is the metric version of our mile, even though it is a bit shorter than our mile. A kilometer is equivalent to exactly 1,000 meters. Any unit that has the word kilo- in front of it is equivalent to 1,000 units. You can attach the prefix kilo- to just about anything. If something takes 1,000 seconds, it takes a kilosecond. If a forest has 1,000 trees, it has a kilotree. You ge.
Measurement and Instrumentation LabLearning Objectives· Define.docxendawalling
Measurement and Instrumentation Lab
Learning Objectives
· Define the International System of Units (measurement system).
· Define a unit of measurement and demonstrate the ability to convert measurements.
· Define length, temperature, time, volume, mass, density, and concentration.
· Define significant figures and describe measurement techniques.
Introduction
Just like you and your friend communicate using the same language, scientists all over the world need to use the same language when reporting the measurements they make. This language is called the metric system. In this lesson we will cover the metric units for length, mass, density, volume and temperature, and also discuss how to convert among them.Metric Measurement
What do all of these words have in common: thermometer, barometer, diameter, odometer and parameter? All of these words end in -meter. You have probably heard this word before, but what does it mean? Meter at the end of a word means measure. You use all kinds of measurements each day. How much sugar is needed in the cookies you are baking? Will it be warm enough to leave your jacket at home? How fast are you driving? How much will a bag of apples cost? How much time will it take you to get home from work?
The units of measure in the English and metric systems
Most Americans are taught the English or standard system of measurement, but never get a good dose of the metric system. Lucky for you, it is a much easier system to learn than the English system because all the measurements are base 10 - meaning that when you are converting from one to another, you will always be multiplying or dividing by a multiple of 10. This is much easier than trying to do calculations between ounces and pounds, and feet and miles.
Because you may not be used to thinking metrically, it may take a little practice using and working with the metric system before you gain a better understanding of it and become more fluent in the measurement language of scientists (and most non-Americans). I challenge you to sprinkle a little more metric in your life. Maybe read the milliliter measurement on your soda can or glance at the kilometer reading on your speedometer. Being able to picture metric quantities will really help with the rest of this course.Length
We are going to start with the units of length so we can get back to this word meter that we started out with. The meter is the basic unit of length in the metric system. A meter is a tiny bit longer than a yard. For distances much longer than a meter, you would add the prefix kilo- to make the measurement kilometer. A kilometer is the metric version of our mile, even though it is a bit shorter than our mile. A kilometer is equivalent to exactly 1,000 meters. Any unit that has the word kilo- in front of it is equivalent to 1,000 units. You can attach the prefix kilo- to just about anything. If something takes 1,000 seconds, it takes a kilosecond. If a forest has 1,000 trees, it has a kilotree. You ge.
Measurement and Instrumentation LabLearning Objectives· Define.docxhoundsomeminda
Measurement and Instrumentation Lab
Learning Objectives
· Define the International System of Units (measurement system).
· Define a unit of measurement and demonstrate the ability to convert measurements.
· Define length, temperature, time, volume, mass, density, and concentration.
· Define significant figures and describe measurement techniques.
Introduction
Just like you and your friend communicate using the same language, scientists all over the world need to use the same language when reporting the measurements they make. This language is called the metric system. In this lesson we will cover the metric units for length, mass, density, volume and temperature, and also discuss how to convert among them.Metric Measurement
What do all of these words have in common: thermometer, barometer, diameter, odometer and parameter? All of these words end in -meter. You have probably heard this word before, but what does it mean? Meter at the end of a word means measure. You use all kinds of measurements each day. How much sugar is needed in the cookies you are baking? Will it be warm enough to leave your jacket at home? How fast are you driving? How much will a bag of apples cost? How much time will it take you to get home from work?
The units of measure in the English and metric systems
Most Americans are taught the English or standard system of measurement, but never get a good dose of the metric system. Lucky for you, it is a much easier system to learn than the English system because all the measurements are base 10 - meaning that when you are converting from one to another, you will always be multiplying or dividing by a multiple of 10. This is much easier than trying to do calculations between ounces and pounds, and feet and miles.
Because you may not be used to thinking metrically, it may take a little practice using and working with the metric system before you gain a better understanding of it and become more fluent in the measurement language of scientists (and most non-Americans). I challenge you to sprinkle a little more metric in your life. Maybe read the milliliter measurement on your soda can or glance at the kilometer reading on your speedometer. Being able to picture metric quantities will really help with the rest of this course.Length
We are going to start with the units of length so we can get back to this word meter that we started out with. The meter is the basic unit of length in the metric system. A meter is a tiny bit longer than a yard. For distances much longer than a meter, you would add the prefix kilo- to make the measurement kilometer. A kilometer is the metric version of our mile, even though it is a bit shorter than our mile. A kilometer is equivalent to exactly 1,000 meters. Any unit that has the word kilo- in front of it is equivalent to 1,000 units. You can attach the prefix kilo- to just about anything. If something takes 1,000 seconds, it takes a kilosecond. If a forest has 1,000 trees, it has a kilotree. You ge ...
13
The Scien Þc Method
Lab 1
14
Lab 1 : Scien Þc Method
15
Introduc on
What is science? You have likely taken several classes throughout your career as a student, and know
that it is more than just chapters in a book. Science is a process that uses evidence to understand the
history of the natural world and how it works. It is constantly changing as we understand more about
the natural world, and con nues to advance the understanding of the universe. Science begins with ob-
serva ons that can be measured in some way so that data can be collected in a useful manner by follow-
ing the scien Þc method.
Have you ever wondered why the sky is blue or why a plant grows toward a window? If so, you have al-
ready taken the Þrst step down the road of discovery. No ma er what the ques on, the scien Þc meth-
od can help Þnd an answer (or more than one answer!). Following the scien Þc method helps to insure
scien sts can minimize bias when tes ng a theory. It will help you to collect and organize informa on in
a useful way, looking for connec ons and pa erns in the data. As an experimenter, you should use the
scien Þc method as you conduct the experiments throughout this manual.
Concepts to explore:
Testable observa ons
Hypothesis
Null hypothesis
Experimental approach
Variables
Controls
Data collec on
Analysis
Figure 1: The process of the scien Þc method
Lab 1 : Scien Þc Method
16
The scien Þc method process begins with the formula on of a
hypothesis – a statement of what the experimenter thinks will
happen in certain situa ons. A hypothesis is an educated guess –
a proposed explana on for an event based on observa on(s). A
null hypothesis is a testable statement, that if proven true means
the hypothesis was incorrect. Both statements must be testable,
but only one can be true. Hypotheses are typically wri en in an if/
then format, such as:
Hypothesis:
If nutrients are added to soil, then plants grown in it will
grow faster than plants without added nutrients in the soil.
Null hypothesis:
If nutrients are added to the soil, then the
plants will grow the same as plants in soil
without added nutrients.
There are o en many ways to test a hypothesis.
When designing an experiment to test a hypothesis
there are three rules to follow:
1. The experiment must be replicable.
2. Only test one variable at a me.
3. Always include a control.
Variables are deÞned and measurable components of an experiment. Controlling the variables in an
experiment allows the scien st to quan tate the changes that occur so that results can be measured
and conclusions drawn. There are three types of variables:
Independent Variable: The variable that the scien st changes to a predetermined value
in order to test the hypothesis. There can only be one independent variable in each
experiment in order to pinpoint the change that a ects the outcome of the exper.
Learning ObjectivesDefine the International System of.docxwashingtonrosy
Learning Objectives
Define the International System of Units (measurement system).
Define a unit of measurement and demonstrate the ability to convert measurements.
Define length, temperature, time, volume, mass, density, and concentration.
Define significant figures and describe measurement techniques.
Introduction
Just like you and your friend communicate using the same language, scientists all over the world need to use the same language when reporting the measurements they make. This language is called the metric system. In this lesson we will cover the metric units for length, mass, density, volume and temperature, and also discuss how to convert among them.
Metric Measurement
What do all of these words have in common: thermometer, barometer, diameter, odometer and parameter? All of these words end in
-meter
. You have probably heard this word before, but what does it mean? Meter at the end of a word means
measure
. You use all kinds of measurements each day. How much sugar is needed in the cookies you are baking? Will it be warm enough to leave your jacket at home? How fast are you driving? How much will a bag of apples cost? How much time will it take you to get home from work?
The units of measure in the English and metric systems
Most Americans are taught the English or standard system of measurement, but never get a good dose of the metric system. Lucky for you, it is a much easier system to learn than the English system because all the measurements are
base 10
- meaning that when you are converting from one to another, you will always be multiplying or dividing by a multiple of
10
. This is much easier than trying to do calculations between ounces and pounds, and feet and miles.
Because you may not be used to thinking metrically, it may take a little practice using and working with the metric system before you gain a better understanding of it and become more fluent in the measurement language of scientists (and most non-Americans). I challenge you to sprinkle a little more metric in your life. Maybe read the milliliter measurement on your soda can or glance at the kilometer reading on your speedometer. Being able to picture metric quantities will really help with the rest of this course.
Length
We are going to start with the units of length so we can get back to this word meter that we started out with. The meter is the basic unit of length in the metric system. A meter is a tiny bit longer than a yard. For distances much longer than a meter, you would add the prefix kilo- to make the measurement kilometer. A kilometer is the metric version of our mile, even though it is a bit shorter than our mile. A kilometer is equivalent to exactly 1,000 meters. Any unit that has the word kilo- in front of it is equivalent to 1,000 units. You can attach the prefix kilo- to just about anything. If something takes 1,000 seconds, it takes a kilosecond. If a forest has 1,000 trees, it has a kilotree. .
This slide is special for master students (MIBS & MIFB) in UUM. Also useful for readers who are interested in the topic of contemporary Islamic banking.
Measurement and Instrumentation LabLearning Objectives· Define.docxhoundsomeminda
Measurement and Instrumentation Lab
Learning Objectives
· Define the International System of Units (measurement system).
· Define a unit of measurement and demonstrate the ability to convert measurements.
· Define length, temperature, time, volume, mass, density, and concentration.
· Define significant figures and describe measurement techniques.
Introduction
Just like you and your friend communicate using the same language, scientists all over the world need to use the same language when reporting the measurements they make. This language is called the metric system. In this lesson we will cover the metric units for length, mass, density, volume and temperature, and also discuss how to convert among them.Metric Measurement
What do all of these words have in common: thermometer, barometer, diameter, odometer and parameter? All of these words end in -meter. You have probably heard this word before, but what does it mean? Meter at the end of a word means measure. You use all kinds of measurements each day. How much sugar is needed in the cookies you are baking? Will it be warm enough to leave your jacket at home? How fast are you driving? How much will a bag of apples cost? How much time will it take you to get home from work?
The units of measure in the English and metric systems
Most Americans are taught the English or standard system of measurement, but never get a good dose of the metric system. Lucky for you, it is a much easier system to learn than the English system because all the measurements are base 10 - meaning that when you are converting from one to another, you will always be multiplying or dividing by a multiple of 10. This is much easier than trying to do calculations between ounces and pounds, and feet and miles.
Because you may not be used to thinking metrically, it may take a little practice using and working with the metric system before you gain a better understanding of it and become more fluent in the measurement language of scientists (and most non-Americans). I challenge you to sprinkle a little more metric in your life. Maybe read the milliliter measurement on your soda can or glance at the kilometer reading on your speedometer. Being able to picture metric quantities will really help with the rest of this course.Length
We are going to start with the units of length so we can get back to this word meter that we started out with. The meter is the basic unit of length in the metric system. A meter is a tiny bit longer than a yard. For distances much longer than a meter, you would add the prefix kilo- to make the measurement kilometer. A kilometer is the metric version of our mile, even though it is a bit shorter than our mile. A kilometer is equivalent to exactly 1,000 meters. Any unit that has the word kilo- in front of it is equivalent to 1,000 units. You can attach the prefix kilo- to just about anything. If something takes 1,000 seconds, it takes a kilosecond. If a forest has 1,000 trees, it has a kilotree. You ge ...
13
The Scien Þc Method
Lab 1
14
Lab 1 : Scien Þc Method
15
Introduc on
What is science? You have likely taken several classes throughout your career as a student, and know
that it is more than just chapters in a book. Science is a process that uses evidence to understand the
history of the natural world and how it works. It is constantly changing as we understand more about
the natural world, and con nues to advance the understanding of the universe. Science begins with ob-
serva ons that can be measured in some way so that data can be collected in a useful manner by follow-
ing the scien Þc method.
Have you ever wondered why the sky is blue or why a plant grows toward a window? If so, you have al-
ready taken the Þrst step down the road of discovery. No ma er what the ques on, the scien Þc meth-
od can help Þnd an answer (or more than one answer!). Following the scien Þc method helps to insure
scien sts can minimize bias when tes ng a theory. It will help you to collect and organize informa on in
a useful way, looking for connec ons and pa erns in the data. As an experimenter, you should use the
scien Þc method as you conduct the experiments throughout this manual.
Concepts to explore:
Testable observa ons
Hypothesis
Null hypothesis
Experimental approach
Variables
Controls
Data collec on
Analysis
Figure 1: The process of the scien Þc method
Lab 1 : Scien Þc Method
16
The scien Þc method process begins with the formula on of a
hypothesis – a statement of what the experimenter thinks will
happen in certain situa ons. A hypothesis is an educated guess –
a proposed explana on for an event based on observa on(s). A
null hypothesis is a testable statement, that if proven true means
the hypothesis was incorrect. Both statements must be testable,
but only one can be true. Hypotheses are typically wri en in an if/
then format, such as:
Hypothesis:
If nutrients are added to soil, then plants grown in it will
grow faster than plants without added nutrients in the soil.
Null hypothesis:
If nutrients are added to the soil, then the
plants will grow the same as plants in soil
without added nutrients.
There are o en many ways to test a hypothesis.
When designing an experiment to test a hypothesis
there are three rules to follow:
1. The experiment must be replicable.
2. Only test one variable at a me.
3. Always include a control.
Variables are deÞned and measurable components of an experiment. Controlling the variables in an
experiment allows the scien st to quan tate the changes that occur so that results can be measured
and conclusions drawn. There are three types of variables:
Independent Variable: The variable that the scien st changes to a predetermined value
in order to test the hypothesis. There can only be one independent variable in each
experiment in order to pinpoint the change that a ects the outcome of the exper.
Learning ObjectivesDefine the International System of.docxwashingtonrosy
Learning Objectives
Define the International System of Units (measurement system).
Define a unit of measurement and demonstrate the ability to convert measurements.
Define length, temperature, time, volume, mass, density, and concentration.
Define significant figures and describe measurement techniques.
Introduction
Just like you and your friend communicate using the same language, scientists all over the world need to use the same language when reporting the measurements they make. This language is called the metric system. In this lesson we will cover the metric units for length, mass, density, volume and temperature, and also discuss how to convert among them.
Metric Measurement
What do all of these words have in common: thermometer, barometer, diameter, odometer and parameter? All of these words end in
-meter
. You have probably heard this word before, but what does it mean? Meter at the end of a word means
measure
. You use all kinds of measurements each day. How much sugar is needed in the cookies you are baking? Will it be warm enough to leave your jacket at home? How fast are you driving? How much will a bag of apples cost? How much time will it take you to get home from work?
The units of measure in the English and metric systems
Most Americans are taught the English or standard system of measurement, but never get a good dose of the metric system. Lucky for you, it is a much easier system to learn than the English system because all the measurements are
base 10
- meaning that when you are converting from one to another, you will always be multiplying or dividing by a multiple of
10
. This is much easier than trying to do calculations between ounces and pounds, and feet and miles.
Because you may not be used to thinking metrically, it may take a little practice using and working with the metric system before you gain a better understanding of it and become more fluent in the measurement language of scientists (and most non-Americans). I challenge you to sprinkle a little more metric in your life. Maybe read the milliliter measurement on your soda can or glance at the kilometer reading on your speedometer. Being able to picture metric quantities will really help with the rest of this course.
Length
We are going to start with the units of length so we can get back to this word meter that we started out with. The meter is the basic unit of length in the metric system. A meter is a tiny bit longer than a yard. For distances much longer than a meter, you would add the prefix kilo- to make the measurement kilometer. A kilometer is the metric version of our mile, even though it is a bit shorter than our mile. A kilometer is equivalent to exactly 1,000 meters. Any unit that has the word kilo- in front of it is equivalent to 1,000 units. You can attach the prefix kilo- to just about anything. If something takes 1,000 seconds, it takes a kilosecond. If a forest has 1,000 trees, it has a kilotree. .
This slide is special for master students (MIBS & MIFB) in UUM. Also useful for readers who are interested in the topic of contemporary Islamic banking.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
Executive Directors Chat Leveraging AI for Diversity, Equity, and InclusionTechSoup
Let’s explore the intersection of technology and equity in the final session of our DEI series. Discover how AI tools, like ChatGPT, can be used to support and enhance your nonprofit's DEI initiatives. Participants will gain insights into practical AI applications and get tips for leveraging technology to advance their DEI goals.
Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp NetworkTechSoup
Dive into the world of AI! Experts Jon Hill and Tareq Monaur will guide you through AI's role in enhancing nonprofit websites and basic marketing strategies, making it easy to understand and apply.
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Solutions Manual for Biology Laboratory Manual 11th Edition by Vodopich
1. Solutions Manual for Biology Laboratory Manual 11th Edition by Vodopich
Download: http://downloadlink.org/p/solutions-manual-for-biology-laboratory-manual-
11th-edition-by-vodopich/
INVESTIGATION WORKSHEET 1 Name
How Temperature Affects the Production of CO2 by Yeast
Observation: Fermentation of nutrients by yeast produces CO2, and the production-rate of this CO2 can be used
to measure growth of the yeast. In this lab you’ve already investigated how CO2 production is affected by
different nutrients (i.e., sugar, protein).
Formulate and record a question regarding temperature how it influences CO2 production by yeast.
Write a your null hypothesis for this experiment:
_
Write an alternate hypothesis for this experiment:
_
Identify the independent variable:
Identify the dependent variable:_
Describe your experimental design and procedures. Identify your control and experimental groups. Remember to keep the
single variable difference between your control and experimental groups, and specify how you will analyze your data.
3. Results:
What would be an appropriate way to graphically represent your data?
Do your data support your null or alternate hypothesis?
Answer your question:
What ideas do you have for experiments that will build on this experiment?
Comments:
7. Exercise 2
MEASUREMENTS IN BIOLOGY:
THE METRIC SYSTEM AND DATA ANALYSIS
This is a simple lab exercise, that includes information about the metric system, but we've found
that well over half of our students do not understand the concepts of mean, range, median, and
variance. The most critical words to be defined in an introduction to the lab exercise are central
tendency and variation. Biology is filled with variation and students must learn not only to
document variation, but to view variation as part of natural processes rather than a sign of error.
The basic theme of this exercise is that understanding any biological data set begins with
measures of central tendency (mean, median, mode) and measures of variation about the mean
(range, variance, standard deviation).
SUGGESTED ELEMENTS FOR AN INTRODUCTORY LECTURE
Quantification of data is essential for good science.
The natural world, especially the life sciences, is filled with variation.
Natural variation often makes simple observation inadequate for study of living processes.
To deal with variation, biologists employ the scientific method and careful quantification of
data.
The most conventional and widely used tool to express scientific data is the metric system.
The metric system need not replace the English system in all walks of life. But, it is a
powerful and efficient tool for calculation-intensive sciences.
Scientists rarely convert from one system to the other. Instead, they work within the metric
system. Learning to do conversions within the metric system is more important than
conversions between systems.
Metric units include measures of length, volume, mass, and temperature, and are based on
multiples of ten.
The initial and most fundamentally important analysis of a data set is to determine the central
tendency (mean, mode, and median) and the variation (range, variance, standard deviation)
inherent in the data.
INVESTIGATIVE PROCEDURE
Inventory/survey class on what supplies are needed for this procedure:
8. ACTIVITIES
1. Make metric measurements of length, width, volume, mass, and temperature for common
objects.
2. Calculate mean, median, range, variance, and standard deviation for example data.
3. Gather and statistically summarize a data set of student heights.
VOCABULARY
density kilogram mean
median meniscus meter
metric system range standard deviation
statistics sum of squared deviations variance
volume
MATERIALS FOR ALL PROCEDURES
Number of lab sections Total work groups
Work groups per section Students per work group
TIME LINE FOR LABORATORY PREPARATION
Beginning of the semester:
Determine the number of sections, work groups, and students in the course.
Inventory supplies and, if necessary, reorder supplies.
After the supply of each material is verified, check off the supply in the spaces in the list(s)
below.
Two weeks before lab:
Determine how many work groups you will have.
Verify that the needed quantities of disposable supplies are available.
One–Three days before lab:
Place beaker of tap water in refrigerator.
Distribute materials to each work station.
One hour before the lab:
Fill the ice chest with crushed ice.
Heat water if hot tap water is not available. A large flask of water should be fine for the entire
class.
Quantity Needed
√ Materials Total Per Group Catalog Number
Equipment
triple beam balance
refrigerator
calculator or computer
15 W 6057
9. small open-topped ice chest
Supplies: one set per group
meter stick or metric tape measure
common items to measure
(coffee cup, book, nickel,
paper clip, golf ball)
10-ml graduated cylinder
100-ml graduated cylinder
100-ml beaker
10-ml pipet
5-ml pipet
pipet dispensing bulb
gallon jug (milk jug)
eye dropper
centigrade thermometer
pencil
marble
small rock (1”)
18 W 1705
18 W 1730
17 W 4020
17 W 1308
17 W 1307
15 W 0511
Solutions
hot, cold, and refrigerated tap water
COMMENTS ON PROCEDURES
A guide to the metric system and conversions may be helpful in addition to the information
provided in the lab manual.
We also provide a few objects of unknown mass, volume, and dimensions for the students to
measure. The class results are put on the board, collated, and the variation is discussed.
Unless otherwise noted, all catalog numbers are Ward’s Natural Science. Comparison
shopping at the following scientific companies might save you money on some supplies:
o Carolina Biological Supply Company, www.carolina.com
o Fisher Scientific, www.fishersci.com
Safety first: Be sure and cover any safety issues that may be specifically related to this lab
procedure.
ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS
1. a. Can measurements be accurate but not precise? Explain.
Yes, if the mean of the values is “true”, but the variation is high and scattered.
10. b. Can measurements be precise but not accurate? Explain.
Yes, if the measurements are all similar (low variation), but the mean of those
measurements is far from the “true” value.
2. Make the following conversions.
1 meter = 100 centimeters = 1000 millimeters; 92.4 millimeters = 0.0924 meters = 9.24
centimeters; 10 kilometers = 10,000 meters = 100,000 decimeters; 82 centimeters = 0.82
meters = 820 millimeters; 3.1 kilograms = 3,100 grams = 3,100,000 milligrams; 281
milliliters = 0.281 liters = 2.81 deciliters; 35 millimeters = 3.5 centimeters 0.035 meters
3. What are some potential sources of error in your measurements?
angle of vision, building, posture when measuring height, variation in dimensions of a
page, table, room, ceiling, mistakes in reading the ruler, etc.
4. What volume of liquid did you measure?
Variable
5. a. Density is mass per unit volume. Use data that you’ve gathered to determine the density
of water at room temperature.
Density of water = (mass/volume = 1 gram / 1 milliliter)
b. What is the density of the wooden pencil? Does it float? Why?
Because wood is less dense than water, the pencil will float. The density of the pencil will
vary.
c. What is the density of the rock? Does it sink? Why?
Because the rock has a higher density than water, it will sink. The exact density of the rock
will vary.
6. a. Does the mean always describe the "typical" measurement? Why or Why not?
No, because the mean can be dramatically affected by a single, extreme atypical
measurement. And, the mean may be calculated to a portion of a single unit; i.e., the mean
number of children per family is 2.3, but no family actually has 2.3 children.
b. What information about a sample does a mean not provide?
It does not provide information about variation, range, and extremes on either side of the
mean.
7. a. What is responsible for this difference between the mean and median?
The distribution of numbers throughout the range is uneven.
b. How would the median change if the 9-mm-long leaf was not in the sample?
The median would not change.
c. How would the mean change if the 9-mm-long leaf was not in the sample?
The mean would change from 58.6 to 62.4.
d. Consider these samples. What is the mean for sample 1? Sample 2?
Both means = 30.
8. a. Could two samples have the same mean but different ranges? Explain.
Yes, the mean does not reflect the distribution of sample values.
b. Could two samples have the same range but different means? Explain.
Yes, uneven distributions of numbers within the same range could produce different
means.
9. a. What does your calculation tell you?
Conclusions vary (males usually taller than females, range for males usually greater than
range for females, etc.).
b. What are the limitations of your sample?
11. There can be great variation in small sample sizes.
Questions for Further Thought and Study
1. What are the advantages and disadvantages of using the metric system of measurements?
Base 10 of units, easy to convert between scales.
Unfortunately many scientists and businesses are in countries using the English
standards of units and measurement scales.
2. Why is it important for all scientists to use a standard system of measures rather than the
system that may be most popular in their home country or region?
Good science must be repeatable.
Standards assist scientists from different countries who are working together to repeat
investigations. Their cooperative effort and repetition of the experiments strengthen the
validation of the results.
3. Do you lose or gain information when you use statistics to reduce a population to a few
characteristic numbers? Explain your answer.
Fewer examples in regulation, greater the rise of detecting a difference when none really
exists.
One loses information. A few “characteristic numbers” cannot fully describe the
variation among all members of a population.
4. Suppose that you made repeated measurements of your height. If you used good
technique, would you expect the range to be large or small? Explain your answer.
Small. Repeated measures improve technique and thus improve precision and accuracy.
5. Suppose that a biologist states that the average height of undergraduate students at your
university is 205 cm plus or minus a standard deviation of 17 cm. What does this mean?
The mean value is 205 cm. 68% of students range between 188cm – 222cm
6. What does a small standard deviation signify? What does a large standard deviation
signify?
low variation in the data set
high variation in the data set
7. Is it possible to make a perfectly precise measurement? Explain.
No, only in theory. Uncertainty in all measurements.
8. When in our everyday lives do we not want precise measurements?
Late for work, utilities rates, physical attributes, age.
ADDITIONAL OUTSIDE RESOURCES
Measurements in Science (PowerPoint), www.insight-media.com, order no. BAS3650
12. Solutions Manual for Biology Laboratory Manual 11th Edition by
Vodopich
Download: http://downloadlink.org/p/solutions-manual-for-biology-
laboratory-manual-11th-edition-by-vodopich/