Introduction to chemistry
lecture for pre GCSE ,GCSE ,Secondary level students and teachers. Gave generalized dsecription of basic science skills ,scientific notation,Dimentional Analysis,S.I units and derivativesand significant figures etc.
Mathematics is the foundation of modern science and technology. It is the language in which scientific concepts are expressed and without mathematics, no technological developments can occur. Mathematics is used extensively in physics, chemistry, astronomy and other sciences. It involves concepts like calculus, vectors, matrices, and differential equations which allow scientists and engineers to model real-world phenomena, make predictions, and solve problems across many domains.
These notes are of chemistry class 11th first chapter which are strictly according to CBSE & state Board. This notes covers Some basics concepts of chemistry i.e. Branches of chemistry, classification of matter & many more..
THIS EBOOK WAS PREPARED
AS A PART OF THE COMENIUS PROJECT
WHY MATHS?
by the students and the teachers from:
BERKENBOOM HUMANIORA BOVENBOUW, IN SINT-NIKLAAS
( BELGIUM)
EUREKA SECONDARY SCHOOL IN KELLS (IRELAND)
LICEO CLASSICO STATALE CRISTOFORO COLOMBO IN GENOA (ITALY)
GIMNAZJUM IM. ANNY WAZÓWNY IN GOLUB-DOBRZYŃ (POLAND)
ESCOLA SECUNDARIA COM 3.º CICLO D. MANUEL I IN BEJA (PORTUGAL)
IES ÁLVAREZ CUBERO IN PRIEGO DE CÓRDOBA (SPAIN)
HOW TO SOLVE CALCULATIONS IN SCIENCE..pptxTEMPLEEKE
Carrying out calculations is an inevitable activity in solving problems in Science. This masterpiece highlights the causes of incompetence in handling calculations in Science. Four stages of handling calculations are explained and Ten guidelines for handling calculations are presented. This is a must-read for every student and instructor of Science.
This document discusses dimensional analysis and model analysis. It begins by introducing dimensional analysis as a technique that uses the dimensions of physical quantities to understand phenomena. It then describes the two types of dimensions: fundamental dimensions like length, time, and mass, and secondary dimensions that are combinations of fundamental ones, like velocity.
It presents the methodology of dimensional analysis, which requires equations to be dimensionally homogeneous. Two common methods are described: Rayleigh's method and Buckingham's pi-theorem. Rayleigh's method can be used for up to 4 variables while Buckingham's pi-theorem groups variables into dimensionless pi-terms. Model analysis is introduced as an experimental method using scale models, and the importance of similitude or
(Ebook pdf) - physics - introduction to tensor calculus and continuum mechanicsAntonio Vinnie
This document introduces tensor calculus and continuum mechanics. It presents an introductory tensor calculus text that covers topics like index notation, tensor concepts and transformations, special tensors, derivatives of tensors, and differential geometry. The text is divided into two parts: the first introduces tensor calculus concepts, while the second emphasizes applying tensor algebra and calculus to continuum mechanics subjects like dynamics, elasticity, fluids, and electromagnetism. The overall goal is to develop an understanding of mathematical tensor concepts and derive basic equations used in engineering applications.
Mathematics is the foundation of modern science and technology. It is the language in which scientific concepts are expressed and without mathematics, no technological developments can occur. Mathematics is used extensively in physics, chemistry, astronomy and other sciences. It involves concepts like calculus, vectors, matrices, and differential equations which allow scientists and engineers to model real-world phenomena, make predictions, and solve problems across many domains.
These notes are of chemistry class 11th first chapter which are strictly according to CBSE & state Board. This notes covers Some basics concepts of chemistry i.e. Branches of chemistry, classification of matter & many more..
THIS EBOOK WAS PREPARED
AS A PART OF THE COMENIUS PROJECT
WHY MATHS?
by the students and the teachers from:
BERKENBOOM HUMANIORA BOVENBOUW, IN SINT-NIKLAAS
( BELGIUM)
EUREKA SECONDARY SCHOOL IN KELLS (IRELAND)
LICEO CLASSICO STATALE CRISTOFORO COLOMBO IN GENOA (ITALY)
GIMNAZJUM IM. ANNY WAZÓWNY IN GOLUB-DOBRZYŃ (POLAND)
ESCOLA SECUNDARIA COM 3.º CICLO D. MANUEL I IN BEJA (PORTUGAL)
IES ÁLVAREZ CUBERO IN PRIEGO DE CÓRDOBA (SPAIN)
HOW TO SOLVE CALCULATIONS IN SCIENCE..pptxTEMPLEEKE
Carrying out calculations is an inevitable activity in solving problems in Science. This masterpiece highlights the causes of incompetence in handling calculations in Science. Four stages of handling calculations are explained and Ten guidelines for handling calculations are presented. This is a must-read for every student and instructor of Science.
This document discusses dimensional analysis and model analysis. It begins by introducing dimensional analysis as a technique that uses the dimensions of physical quantities to understand phenomena. It then describes the two types of dimensions: fundamental dimensions like length, time, and mass, and secondary dimensions that are combinations of fundamental ones, like velocity.
It presents the methodology of dimensional analysis, which requires equations to be dimensionally homogeneous. Two common methods are described: Rayleigh's method and Buckingham's pi-theorem. Rayleigh's method can be used for up to 4 variables while Buckingham's pi-theorem groups variables into dimensionless pi-terms. Model analysis is introduced as an experimental method using scale models, and the importance of similitude or
(Ebook pdf) - physics - introduction to tensor calculus and continuum mechanicsAntonio Vinnie
This document introduces tensor calculus and continuum mechanics. It presents an introductory tensor calculus text that covers topics like index notation, tensor concepts and transformations, special tensors, derivatives of tensors, and differential geometry. The text is divided into two parts: the first introduces tensor calculus concepts, while the second emphasizes applying tensor algebra and calculus to continuum mechanics subjects like dynamics, elasticity, fluids, and electromagnetism. The overall goal is to develop an understanding of mathematical tensor concepts and derive basic equations used in engineering applications.
The resisting force R of a supersonic plane depends on its length l, velocity V, air viscosity μ, air density ρ, and bulk modulus of air k. Using Buckingham's π-theorem with repeating variables l, V, and ρ, the relationship can be written as three dimensionless terms:
π1 = R/lVρ, π2 = μ/lV2ρ, π3 = k/lV2ρ. Equating the powers of fundamental dimensions gives the relationship between the resisting force R and the variables it depends on.
Business mathematics is a very powerful tools and analytic process that resul...mkrony
Business mathematics is a powerful analytical tool that can result in optimal solutions despite limitations. The document lists the names and IDs of 7 group members working on topics related to permutations, combinations, number systems, set theory, and linear programming. It provides examples and definitions of permutations, combinations, and the differences between them.
This document provides an introduction to mathematical modeling. It discusses key concepts such as dimensional analysis, the Buckingham Pi theorem, types of mathematical models including static vs dynamic, discrete vs continuous, deterministic vs probabilistic, and linear vs nonlinear models. Examples of mathematical modeling applications in various fields like physics, engineering, biology and combat modeling are provided. The modeling process from defining the real-world problem to model formulation, solution, evaluation and refinement is outlined. Dimensional analysis using Rayleigh, Buckingham and Bridgman methods is explained through a heat transfer example.
- Dimensional analysis is a technique used to determine the relationship between variables in a physical phenomenon based on their dimensions and units.
- It allows reducing the number of variables needed to describe a phenomenon through the use of dimensionless parameters known as π terms.
- Lord Rayleigh and Buckingham developed systematic methods for dimensional analysis. Buckingham's π-method involves identifying all variables, their dimensions, and grouping them into as many dimensionless π terms as needed to describe the phenomenon.
This document provides an introduction to basic mathematical concepts for chemistry and physics, including units of measurement and conversion, proportionality, and equations of the first and second degree. It covers scalar and vector quantities, the International System of Units (SI) and its fundamental and derived units, scientific notation, proportionality, and how to solve linear and quadratic equations. The goal is to review key mathematical concepts that are frequently used in solving physics and chemistry problems in the first year of an odontology degree program.
The document discusses dimensional analysis and Buckingham Pi theorem. It begins by defining dimensions, units, and fundamental vs. derived dimensions. It then discusses dimensional homogeneity and uses examples to show how dimensional analysis can be used to identify non-dimensional parameters and reduce the number of variables in equations. The Buckingham Pi theorem is introduced as a method to systematically create dimensionless pi terms from physical variables. Steps of the theorem and examples applying it are provided. Overall, the document provides an overview of dimensional analysis and Buckingham Pi theorem as tools for understanding relationships between physical quantities and reducing complexity in experimental modeling.
This document outlines a mathematics unit plan for teaching numbers and number sense in 7th grade. It includes 4 units that cover key concepts and skills in mathematics. The units are on numbers and number sense, measurement, patterns and algebra, and geometry. Each unit lists the essential and focusing questions, key knowledge and skills, and a sample performance task for assessing student understanding. The performance tasks are authentic scenarios requiring students to apply their mathematical learning.
1) Mathematical modeling formulates problems or physical systems into mathematical language using equations that can then be solved using numerical methods, graphics, or analytical solutions.
2) The key components of a mathematical model are dependent variables, independent variables, parameters, and forcing functions.
3) Mathematical models can be classified as linear or nonlinear, deterministic or probabilistic, static or dynamic, and lumped or distributed parameters.
Dimensional analysis means analysis of the dimensions of physical quantities. Dimensional analysis lowers the number of variables in a fluid phenomenon by mixing the some variables to form parameters which have no dimensions.
How to use data to design and optimize reaction? A quick introduction to work...Ichigaku Takigawa
(Journal Club) ICReDD Seminar, Apr 27 2020
Institute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery (ICReDD)
Hokkaido University
Sapporo, JAPAN
https://www.icredd.hokudai.ac.jp
1. The document discusses balancing chemical equations, which involves adding coefficients to reactants and products to make both sides equal in terms of atoms. This ensures mass is conserved, as the total mass of reactants must equal the total mass of products.
2. Rules for balancing equations include writing unbalanced formulas with an arrow between reactants and products, counting atoms on each side, and balancing one element at a time using the lowest common multiple as the coefficient.
3. Examples show balancing equations by adding coefficients like 2 or 3 in front of formulas to make atom counts equal on both sides.
Chemistry is the branch of science concerned with the substances of which matter is composed, the investigation of their properties and reactions, and the use of such reactions to form new substances
Matrices are two-dimensional arrangements of numbers organized into rows and columns. They have many applications, including in physics for calculations involving electrical circuits, in computer science for image projections and encryption, and in other fields like geology, economics, robotics, and representing population data. Methods for working with matrices include adding, subtracting, multiplying matrices by scalars or other matrices, taking the negative or inverse, and transposing rows and columns. Matrix multiplication is not commutative and order matters.
Power point Fisika kelas X SMT 1 HELSY DINAFITRIHelsy Dinafitri
This document is a PowerPoint presentation on Physics for 10th grade semester 1. It contains 5 chapters that will be covered: Vectors, Linear Motion, Vector Analysis and Parabolic Motion, Circular Motion. It provides disclaimer information and notes that the material is presented concisely and focuses on key points. Teachers are encouraged to develop the material creatively for interactive lessons.
This chapter introduces the concepts of matter and measurement in chemistry. It defines matter as anything that has mass and takes up space, and states that atoms are the building blocks of matter. Atoms of the same element are all the same, while compounds are made of two or more different elements. The chapter also discusses the scientific method, physical and chemical properties and changes, classification of matter, units of measurement including the SI system, density, temperature scales, accuracy versus precision, and dimensional analysis.
This chapter introduces the study of matter and measurement in chemistry. It defines matter as anything that has mass and takes up space, and states that atoms are the building blocks of matter. Atoms of the same element are all the same, while compounds are made of two or more different elements. The chapter also discusses the scientific method, physical and chemical properties, physical and chemical changes, classification of matter, units of measurement, density, temperature scales, accuracy versus precision, and dimensional analysis.
Dimensional analysis is a mathematical technique used to establish relationships between physical quantities in fluid phenomena. It involves considering the dimensions of quantities and grouping dimensionless parameters to better understand flows. Dimensional analysis provides guidance for experimental work by indicating important influencing factors. It is applied to develop equations, convert between units, reduce experimental variables, and enable model studies through similitude. Dimensional analysis relies on equations being dimensionally homogeneous with identical powers of fundamental dimensions on both sides.
Dimensional analysis is a mathematical technique used to establish relationships between physical quantities in fluid phenomena. It involves considering the dimensions of quantities and grouping dimensionless parameters to better understand flows. Dimensional analysis provides guidance for experimental work by indicating important influencing factors. It is applied to develop equations, convert between units, reduce experimental variables, and enable model studies through similitude. The key concepts are that theoretical equations must be dimensionally homogeneous and empirical equations have limited applications. Dimensional analysis methods include Rayleigh's method of exponential relationships and Buckingham's Π-method of grouping variables into dimensionless terms.
The resisting force R of a supersonic plane depends on its length l, velocity V, air viscosity μ, air density ρ, and bulk modulus of air k. Using Buckingham's π-theorem with repeating variables l, V, and ρ, the relationship can be written as three dimensionless terms:
π1 = R/lVρ, π2 = μ/lV2ρ, π3 = k/lV2ρ. Equating the powers of fundamental dimensions gives the relationship between the resisting force R and the variables it depends on.
Business mathematics is a very powerful tools and analytic process that resul...mkrony
Business mathematics is a powerful analytical tool that can result in optimal solutions despite limitations. The document lists the names and IDs of 7 group members working on topics related to permutations, combinations, number systems, set theory, and linear programming. It provides examples and definitions of permutations, combinations, and the differences between them.
This document provides an introduction to mathematical modeling. It discusses key concepts such as dimensional analysis, the Buckingham Pi theorem, types of mathematical models including static vs dynamic, discrete vs continuous, deterministic vs probabilistic, and linear vs nonlinear models. Examples of mathematical modeling applications in various fields like physics, engineering, biology and combat modeling are provided. The modeling process from defining the real-world problem to model formulation, solution, evaluation and refinement is outlined. Dimensional analysis using Rayleigh, Buckingham and Bridgman methods is explained through a heat transfer example.
- Dimensional analysis is a technique used to determine the relationship between variables in a physical phenomenon based on their dimensions and units.
- It allows reducing the number of variables needed to describe a phenomenon through the use of dimensionless parameters known as π terms.
- Lord Rayleigh and Buckingham developed systematic methods for dimensional analysis. Buckingham's π-method involves identifying all variables, their dimensions, and grouping them into as many dimensionless π terms as needed to describe the phenomenon.
This document provides an introduction to basic mathematical concepts for chemistry and physics, including units of measurement and conversion, proportionality, and equations of the first and second degree. It covers scalar and vector quantities, the International System of Units (SI) and its fundamental and derived units, scientific notation, proportionality, and how to solve linear and quadratic equations. The goal is to review key mathematical concepts that are frequently used in solving physics and chemistry problems in the first year of an odontology degree program.
The document discusses dimensional analysis and Buckingham Pi theorem. It begins by defining dimensions, units, and fundamental vs. derived dimensions. It then discusses dimensional homogeneity and uses examples to show how dimensional analysis can be used to identify non-dimensional parameters and reduce the number of variables in equations. The Buckingham Pi theorem is introduced as a method to systematically create dimensionless pi terms from physical variables. Steps of the theorem and examples applying it are provided. Overall, the document provides an overview of dimensional analysis and Buckingham Pi theorem as tools for understanding relationships between physical quantities and reducing complexity in experimental modeling.
This document outlines a mathematics unit plan for teaching numbers and number sense in 7th grade. It includes 4 units that cover key concepts and skills in mathematics. The units are on numbers and number sense, measurement, patterns and algebra, and geometry. Each unit lists the essential and focusing questions, key knowledge and skills, and a sample performance task for assessing student understanding. The performance tasks are authentic scenarios requiring students to apply their mathematical learning.
1) Mathematical modeling formulates problems or physical systems into mathematical language using equations that can then be solved using numerical methods, graphics, or analytical solutions.
2) The key components of a mathematical model are dependent variables, independent variables, parameters, and forcing functions.
3) Mathematical models can be classified as linear or nonlinear, deterministic or probabilistic, static or dynamic, and lumped or distributed parameters.
Dimensional analysis means analysis of the dimensions of physical quantities. Dimensional analysis lowers the number of variables in a fluid phenomenon by mixing the some variables to form parameters which have no dimensions.
How to use data to design and optimize reaction? A quick introduction to work...Ichigaku Takigawa
(Journal Club) ICReDD Seminar, Apr 27 2020
Institute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery (ICReDD)
Hokkaido University
Sapporo, JAPAN
https://www.icredd.hokudai.ac.jp
1. The document discusses balancing chemical equations, which involves adding coefficients to reactants and products to make both sides equal in terms of atoms. This ensures mass is conserved, as the total mass of reactants must equal the total mass of products.
2. Rules for balancing equations include writing unbalanced formulas with an arrow between reactants and products, counting atoms on each side, and balancing one element at a time using the lowest common multiple as the coefficient.
3. Examples show balancing equations by adding coefficients like 2 or 3 in front of formulas to make atom counts equal on both sides.
Chemistry is the branch of science concerned with the substances of which matter is composed, the investigation of their properties and reactions, and the use of such reactions to form new substances
Matrices are two-dimensional arrangements of numbers organized into rows and columns. They have many applications, including in physics for calculations involving electrical circuits, in computer science for image projections and encryption, and in other fields like geology, economics, robotics, and representing population data. Methods for working with matrices include adding, subtracting, multiplying matrices by scalars or other matrices, taking the negative or inverse, and transposing rows and columns. Matrix multiplication is not commutative and order matters.
Power point Fisika kelas X SMT 1 HELSY DINAFITRIHelsy Dinafitri
This document is a PowerPoint presentation on Physics for 10th grade semester 1. It contains 5 chapters that will be covered: Vectors, Linear Motion, Vector Analysis and Parabolic Motion, Circular Motion. It provides disclaimer information and notes that the material is presented concisely and focuses on key points. Teachers are encouraged to develop the material creatively for interactive lessons.
This chapter introduces the concepts of matter and measurement in chemistry. It defines matter as anything that has mass and takes up space, and states that atoms are the building blocks of matter. Atoms of the same element are all the same, while compounds are made of two or more different elements. The chapter also discusses the scientific method, physical and chemical properties and changes, classification of matter, units of measurement including the SI system, density, temperature scales, accuracy versus precision, and dimensional analysis.
This chapter introduces the study of matter and measurement in chemistry. It defines matter as anything that has mass and takes up space, and states that atoms are the building blocks of matter. Atoms of the same element are all the same, while compounds are made of two or more different elements. The chapter also discusses the scientific method, physical and chemical properties, physical and chemical changes, classification of matter, units of measurement, density, temperature scales, accuracy versus precision, and dimensional analysis.
Dimensional analysis is a mathematical technique used to establish relationships between physical quantities in fluid phenomena. It involves considering the dimensions of quantities and grouping dimensionless parameters to better understand flows. Dimensional analysis provides guidance for experimental work by indicating important influencing factors. It is applied to develop equations, convert between units, reduce experimental variables, and enable model studies through similitude. Dimensional analysis relies on equations being dimensionally homogeneous with identical powers of fundamental dimensions on both sides.
Dimensional analysis is a mathematical technique used to establish relationships between physical quantities in fluid phenomena. It involves considering the dimensions of quantities and grouping dimensionless parameters to better understand flows. Dimensional analysis provides guidance for experimental work by indicating important influencing factors. It is applied to develop equations, convert between units, reduce experimental variables, and enable model studies through similitude. The key concepts are that theoretical equations must be dimensionally homogeneous and empirical equations have limited applications. Dimensional analysis methods include Rayleigh's method of exponential relationships and Buckingham's Π-method of grouping variables into dimensionless terms.
Chemistry GCSE Chapter 8 Acid bases and Salts .pptxAnumToqueer
This document discusses acids, bases, and salts. It defines acids as substances that produce hydrogen ions in aqueous solution and bases as substances that produce hydroxide ions in aqueous solution. Examples of strong acids and weak acids are provided. The document also discusses the properties of acids and bases, including their reactions with metals, metal hydroxides, metal carbonates to form salts. It introduces the pH scale for measuring acidity and alkalinity and discusses acid-base indicators. Various types of oxides such as basic, acidic, amphoteric, and neutral oxides are also defined.
chemistry GCSE chapter 6 Chemical Energetics.pptxAnumToqueer
Chemical Energetics, Energy changes in reaction ,Exothermic and Endothermic reaction
Reaction profile ,Activation energy Bond and energy change
bond energy calculation
The document summarizes key concepts related to electrochemistry including electrolysis, electrolysis of molten and aqueous ionic compounds, electroplating, and hydrogen fuel cells. Electrolysis is the decomposition of ionic compounds using electricity. During electrolysis, ions are discharged at the electrodes. For molten compounds, the metal and non-metal products form. For aqueous solutions, the products depend on ion and metal reactivity. Electroplating coats objects with metal through electrolysis. Hydrogen fuel cells use hydrogen and oxygen to produce electricity and water.
Cholesterol is a hydrophobic compound that is synthesized by most human tissues, especially the liver, intestine, adrenal cortex, and reproductive tissues. It consists of four fused hydrocarbon rings called the steroid nucleus, with an eight carbon chain attached. Cholesterol synthesis is an endergonic process that utilizes 3 ATP molecules for energy. The rate-limiting enzyme, HMG CoA reductase, is subject to various regulatory mechanisms including gene expression control and enzyme degradation. Cholesterol is eliminated from the body through conversion to bile acids or solubilization in bile, and some is reduced by gut bacteria.
Carbohydrates and its classification..pptxAnumToqueer
Carbohydrates are compounds that contain large quantities of hydroxyl groups. They are classified as monosaccharides, disaccharides, or polysaccharides depending on their size. Monosaccharides are single sugar units that cannot be broken down further, while disaccharides contain two monosaccharide units and polysaccharides are polymers of monosaccharides. Carbohydrates serve important biochemical functions such as energy storage, structural support of cells, and regulation of blood sugar levels. They are also involved in processes like DNA/RNA synthesis and immune responses. Due to their diverse roles, carbohydrates are essential biomolecules for living organisms.
The document provides information on stoichiometry, including:
- Relative atomic mass is the average mass of atoms of an element taking into account isotopes, measured on a scale where carbon-12 is 12.
- Relative formula mass is the sum of the relative atomic masses of all the atoms in a chemical formula.
- A mole is the amount of a substance containing 6.02x10^23 particles like atoms or molecules. This allows for easy calculation of amounts in chemical reactions.
- Stoichiometry uses molar ratios from balanced chemical equations to calculate amounts of reactants and products in terms of moles and masses. The mole concept and molar ratios allow for determining reacting masses and dedu
Chemistry GCSE chapter3 part 2 Chemical bonding.pptxAnumToqueer
This document provides an overview of chemical formulas, ionic compounds, polymers, and alloys according to the IGCSE chemistry syllabus. It defines chemical symbols and explains how to determine formulas based on element valences. Rules for naming ionic and molecular compounds with multiple elements are presented. Polymers are described as large molecules formed from monomers linked by covalent bonds. Alloys are defined as mixtures of metals that are stronger and harder than pure metals due to distortions in their metallic structures.
Chemistry gcse chapter 3 chemical bonding.pptxAnumToqueer
This document provides an overview of different types of bonding found in chemistry including ionic bonding, covalent bonding, metallic bonding and giant covalent structures. It discusses how ions are formed through the transfer of electrons between metals and nonmetals. Covalent bonding is explained for both simple molecules involving single bonds and more complex molecules with double or triple bonds. The document also covers ionic vs covalent bonding and how to determine which type is present through practical tests. Giant covalent structures like diamond and graphite are mentioned.
chemistry gcse Particles and Purification.pptxAnumToqueer
The document discusses various methods of separating mixtures and determining purity, including paper chromatography, distillation, crystallization, filtration, and decanting. Paper chromatography can separate pigments in a mixture using their differing solubilities and attractions to filter paper. Distillation and fractional distillation can separate liquids based on their different boiling points. The purity of a substance can be determined by its sharp melting or boiling point compared to a mixture which melts or boils over a range. Methods like filtration and crystallization are used to purify mixtures by separating solids from liquids.
lectures for students in GCSE .explaining particles and purification method.It explains Matter, state of matter,changing state,diffusion ,brownian motion,appartus used in chemistry and their use
Remote Sensing and Computational, Evolutionary, Supercomputing, and Intellige...University of Maribor
Slides from talk:
Aleš Zamuda: Remote Sensing and Computational, Evolutionary, Supercomputing, and Intelligent Systems.
11th International Conference on Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering (IcETRAN), Niš, 3-6 June 2024
Inter-Society Networking Panel GRSS/MTT-S/CIS Panel Session: Promoting Connection and Cooperation
https://www.etran.rs/2024/en/home-english/
The ability to recreate computational results with minimal effort and actionable metrics provides a solid foundation for scientific research and software development. When people can replicate an analysis at the touch of a button using open-source software, open data, and methods to assess and compare proposals, it significantly eases verification of results, engagement with a diverse range of contributors, and progress. However, we have yet to fully achieve this; there are still many sociotechnical frictions.
Inspired by David Donoho's vision, this talk aims to revisit the three crucial pillars of frictionless reproducibility (data sharing, code sharing, and competitive challenges) with the perspective of deep software variability.
Our observation is that multiple layers — hardware, operating systems, third-party libraries, software versions, input data, compile-time options, and parameters — are subject to variability that exacerbates frictions but is also essential for achieving robust, generalizable results and fostering innovation. I will first review the literature, providing evidence of how the complex variability interactions across these layers affect qualitative and quantitative software properties, thereby complicating the reproduction and replication of scientific studies in various fields.
I will then present some software engineering and AI techniques that can support the strategic exploration of variability spaces. These include the use of abstractions and models (e.g., feature models), sampling strategies (e.g., uniform, random), cost-effective measurements (e.g., incremental build of software configurations), and dimensionality reduction methods (e.g., transfer learning, feature selection, software debloating).
I will finally argue that deep variability is both the problem and solution of frictionless reproducibility, calling the software science community to develop new methods and tools to manage variability and foster reproducibility in software systems.
Exposé invité Journées Nationales du GDR GPL 2024
Unlocking the mysteries of reproduction: Exploring fecundity and gonadosomati...AbdullaAlAsif1
The pygmy halfbeak Dermogenys colletei, is known for its viviparous nature, this presents an intriguing case of relatively low fecundity, raising questions about potential compensatory reproductive strategies employed by this species. Our study delves into the examination of fecundity and the Gonadosomatic Index (GSI) in the Pygmy Halfbeak, D. colletei (Meisner, 2001), an intriguing viviparous fish indigenous to Sarawak, Borneo. We hypothesize that the Pygmy halfbeak, D. colletei, may exhibit unique reproductive adaptations to offset its low fecundity, thus enhancing its survival and fitness. To address this, we conducted a comprehensive study utilizing 28 mature female specimens of D. colletei, carefully measuring fecundity and GSI to shed light on the reproductive adaptations of this species. Our findings reveal that D. colletei indeed exhibits low fecundity, with a mean of 16.76 ± 2.01, and a mean GSI of 12.83 ± 1.27, providing crucial insights into the reproductive mechanisms at play in this species. These results underscore the existence of unique reproductive strategies in D. colletei, enabling its adaptation and persistence in Borneo's diverse aquatic ecosystems, and call for further ecological research to elucidate these mechanisms. This study lends to a better understanding of viviparous fish in Borneo and contributes to the broader field of aquatic ecology, enhancing our knowledge of species adaptations to unique ecological challenges.
The use of Nauplii and metanauplii artemia in aquaculture (brine shrimp).pptxMAGOTI ERNEST
Although Artemia has been known to man for centuries, its use as a food for the culture of larval organisms apparently began only in the 1930s, when several investigators found that it made an excellent food for newly hatched fish larvae (Litvinenko et al., 2023). As aquaculture developed in the 1960s and ‘70s, the use of Artemia also became more widespread, due both to its convenience and to its nutritional value for larval organisms (Arenas-Pardo et al., 2024). The fact that Artemia dormant cysts can be stored for long periods in cans, and then used as an off-the-shelf food requiring only 24 h of incubation makes them the most convenient, least labor-intensive, live food available for aquaculture (Sorgeloos & Roubach, 2021). The nutritional value of Artemia, especially for marine organisms, is not constant, but varies both geographically and temporally. During the last decade, however, both the causes of Artemia nutritional variability and methods to improve poorquality Artemia have been identified (Loufi et al., 2024).
Brine shrimp (Artemia spp.) are used in marine aquaculture worldwide. Annually, more than 2,000 metric tons of dry cysts are used for cultivation of fish, crustacean, and shellfish larva. Brine shrimp are important to aquaculture because newly hatched brine shrimp nauplii (larvae) provide a food source for many fish fry (Mozanzadeh et al., 2021). Culture and harvesting of brine shrimp eggs represents another aspect of the aquaculture industry. Nauplii and metanauplii of Artemia, commonly known as brine shrimp, play a crucial role in aquaculture due to their nutritional value and suitability as live feed for many aquatic species, particularly in larval stages (Sorgeloos & Roubach, 2021).
Travis Hills' Endeavors in Minnesota: Fostering Environmental and Economic Pr...Travis Hills MN
Travis Hills of Minnesota developed a method to convert waste into high-value dry fertilizer, significantly enriching soil quality. By providing farmers with a valuable resource derived from waste, Travis Hills helps enhance farm profitability while promoting environmental stewardship. Travis Hills' sustainable practices lead to cost savings and increased revenue for farmers by improving resource efficiency and reducing waste.
Or: Beyond linear.
Abstract: Equivariant neural networks are neural networks that incorporate symmetries. The nonlinear activation functions in these networks result in interesting nonlinear equivariant maps between simple representations, and motivate the key player of this talk: piecewise linear representation theory.
Disclaimer: No one is perfect, so please mind that there might be mistakes and typos.
dtubbenhauer@gmail.com
Corrected slides: dtubbenhauer.com/talks.html
Describing and Interpreting an Immersive Learning Case with the Immersion Cub...Leonel Morgado
Current descriptions of immersive learning cases are often difficult or impossible to compare. This is due to a myriad of different options on what details to include, which aspects are relevant, and on the descriptive approaches employed. Also, these aspects often combine very specific details with more general guidelines or indicate intents and rationales without clarifying their implementation. In this paper we provide a method to describe immersive learning cases that is structured to enable comparisons, yet flexible enough to allow researchers and practitioners to decide which aspects to include. This method leverages a taxonomy that classifies educational aspects at three levels (uses, practices, and strategies) and then utilizes two frameworks, the Immersive Learning Brain and the Immersion Cube, to enable a structured description and interpretation of immersive learning cases. The method is then demonstrated on a published immersive learning case on training for wind turbine maintenance using virtual reality. Applying the method results in a structured artifact, the Immersive Learning Case Sheet, that tags the case with its proximal uses, practices, and strategies, and refines the free text case description to ensure that matching details are included. This contribution is thus a case description method in support of future comparative research of immersive learning cases. We then discuss how the resulting description and interpretation can be leveraged to change immersion learning cases, by enriching them (considering low-effort changes or additions) or innovating (exploring more challenging avenues of transformation). The method holds significant promise to support better-grounded research in immersive learning.
The debris of the ‘last major merger’ is dynamically youngSérgio Sacani
The Milky Way’s (MW) inner stellar halo contains an [Fe/H]-rich component with highly eccentric orbits, often referred to as the
‘last major merger.’ Hypotheses for the origin of this component include Gaia-Sausage/Enceladus (GSE), where the progenitor
collided with the MW proto-disc 8–11 Gyr ago, and the Virgo Radial Merger (VRM), where the progenitor collided with the
MW disc within the last 3 Gyr. These two scenarios make different predictions about observable structure in local phase space,
because the morphology of debris depends on how long it has had to phase mix. The recently identified phase-space folds in Gaia
DR3 have positive caustic velocities, making them fundamentally different than the phase-mixed chevrons found in simulations
at late times. Roughly 20 per cent of the stars in the prograde local stellar halo are associated with the observed caustics. Based
on a simple phase-mixing model, the observed number of caustics are consistent with a merger that occurred 1–2 Gyr ago.
We also compare the observed phase-space distribution to FIRE-2 Latte simulations of GSE-like mergers, using a quantitative
measurement of phase mixing (2D causticality). The observed local phase-space distribution best matches the simulated data
1–2 Gyr after collision, and certainly not later than 3 Gyr. This is further evidence that the progenitor of the ‘last major merger’
did not collide with the MW proto-disc at early times, as is thought for the GSE, but instead collided with the MW disc within
the last few Gyr, consistent with the body of work surrounding the VRM.
Current Ms word generated power point presentation covers major details about the micronuclei test. It's significance and assays to conduct it. It is used to detect the micronuclei formation inside the cells of nearly every multicellular organism. It's formation takes place during chromosomal sepration at metaphase.
3. CHEMISTRY IS ONE OF THE
SCIENCE WHICH HELPS US
MAKE MODELS AND
PREDICTIONS ABOUT OUR
REALITY.
Composition
Structure
Properties and Reaction of
matter
4. STUDENT
GROWTH
BY GRADE
Math
Properties of
exponents and properties
of logarithms: Being
comfortable with using
logs and exponents will
be helpful for acid and
bases, kinetics, and
equilibrium.
Quadratic formula:
Knowing how to set up
and solve quadratic
equations will come in
handy when you learn
about chemical
equilibrium.
BASIC SCIENCE SKILS
Scientific notation: Chemists are
lazy and don't want to write out
all the zeros in numbers like
300,000,000 or 0.0000057, so we
instead write these numbers
using scientific notation.
Understanding scientific notation
will let you skip writing out all
those zeros, too
Dimensional analysis
:Dimensional analysis is the
process of converting between
units. ... Dimensional analysis
involves using conversion factors,
which are ratios of related
physical quantities expressed in
the desired units.in simple words it
is convertion of complicated
units
Scignificant figures
Significant figures are basically
rules which inform us about how
many digits to write.
Physics and biology
The scientific method:
Scientists are constantly
uncovering new
information about how
the world works. The
scientific method helps us
ask questions about our
observations and design
experiments to test
possible explanations
5. BASIC SCIENCE SKILLS
SCIENTIFIC NOTATION
• SCIENTIFIC NOTATION SCIENTIFIC NOTATION (ALSO REFERRED
TO AS SCIENTIFIC FORM OR STANDARD INDEX FORM, OR
STANDARD FORM IN THE UK) IS A WAY OF EXPRESSING
NUMBERS THAT ARE TOO BIG OR TOO SMALL TO BE
CONVENIENTLY WRITTEN IN DECIMAL FORM.
7. DIMENSIIONAL ANALYSIS
The conversion of units from one
dimensional unit to another is
often easier within the metric or SI
system . Dimensional analysis, or
more specifically the factor-label
method, also known as the unit-
factor method, is a widely used
technique for such conversions
using the rules of algebra.
• Used in conversions