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Programming is the process of taking an algorithm and encoding it into a notation, a programming language so that it can be executed by a computer. Although many programming languages and many different types of computers exist, the important first step is the need to have the solution. Without an algorithm, there can be no program.
To know more: https://hackr.io/blog/what-is-programming-language
Learn Programming with Livecoding.tv http://goo.gl/tIgO1Ilivecoding.tv
If you want to learn programming, Livecoding.tv is a perfect platform to learn with the help of live-streams. Interact with expert coder on live chat and enrich your skills.
Come and join us
to see our streamers schedule please click on this link, http://goo.gl/tIgO1I
Programming is the process of taking an algorithm and encoding it into a notation, a programming language so that it can be executed by a computer. Although many programming languages and many different types of computers exist, the important first step is the need to have the solution. Without an algorithm, there can be no program.
To know more: https://hackr.io/blog/what-is-programming-language
Programming Fundamentals and Programming Languages Conceptsimtiazalijoono
Programming Fundamentals:
What is a Computer?
Software & Hardware?
Operating System
Programming Languages Concepts
Why do we need programming languages?
Why C Still Useful?
Programming Fundamentals and Programming Languages Conceptsimtiazalijoono
Programming Fundamentals:
What is a Computer?
Software & Hardware?
Operating System
Programming Languages Concepts
Why do we need programming languages?
Why C Still Useful?
A brief, language-no-specific introduction to programming concepts - some ways to approach a programming problem, and general characteristics of programming languages (with a bit of a slant towards scripting languages).
Complete C++ programming Language CourseVivek chan
This is the Complete course of C++ Programming Language for Beginners. All Topics of C++ programming Language are covered in this single power point presentation.
Visit: www.cyberlabzone.com
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
Acetabularia Information For Class 9 .docxvaibhavrinwa19
Acetabularia acetabulum is a single-celled green alga that in its vegetative state is morphologically differentiated into a basal rhizoid and an axially elongated stalk, which bears whorls of branching hairs. The single diploid nucleus resides in the rhizoid.
Honest Reviews of Tim Han LMA Course Program.pptxtimhan337
Personal development courses are widely available today, with each one promising life-changing outcomes. Tim Han’s Life Mastery Achievers (LMA) Course has drawn a lot of interest. In addition to offering my frank assessment of Success Insider’s LMA Course, this piece examines the course’s effects via a variety of Tim Han LMA course reviews and Success Insider comments.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
4. A Brief History of Computers
General purpose minions
Orders
Human calculators
Mechanical calculators
Electronic calculators
General purpose machines
Programs
5. What Is Programming
Programming is just telling a computer to do
something,
BUT
Computers know very little and have no common
sense what-so-ever, so your instructions have to
be broken down to small, simple parts,
AND
Computers will do exactly what you tell them.
6.
7. Basic Programming
Programming at it’s core is about two things:
defining problems, and solving problems.
These two aspects are tightly integrated
• To solve a problem you first must clearly know
what it is
• Clearly and completely defining a problem
gets you a long ways towards a solution
8.
9. Four Tools To Get Started
Just getting started is often the hardest part of
the project. Before diving in to the code, do
the design document. Four tools to help are
–Action/Event List
–Flow Chart
–Data Model
–Iterative Refinement
10. Action List
This is a good tool to use in applications that have
user interaction.
Write down each action the user can take.
Add a bit of detail info to each action
• Circumstances in which the user may take the
action (1-3 sentences, and/or list)
• What happens when they do the action (1-3
sentences)
• What other actions this one allows and denies
(list format)
11. Flow Charts
Flow charts are a very useful tool to clarify and
define programming problems
• They delineate key points in your program
• They’re especially good for state-based
programs, such as web applications
Don’t get too bogged down in details when
creating a flow chart – stay high level
12. Data Model
A data model is a detailed description of the
information that the application will
manipulate.
Start with a general idea/concept, then break it
down into smaller parts, and repeat.
Aim for having each part be a string, a number,
or a list or collection thereof.
13. Iterative Refinement - the Ur-Program
The process of iterative refinement
2. Say what you want the computer to do
3. If it’s all in terms the computer will understand,
then stop, you’re done
4. Otherwise, break each part into simpler steps
5. Go to step 2
NOTE: works for small children as well as computers
14. The Real World
These are important concepts, and when done right
you end up documenting your code as you go.
HOWEVER…
Real-world programming often doesn’t explicitly
involve these techniques except at high levels in the
design document. You should definitely use them
there, and for actual coding keep them in mind as
fallback strategies if your stuck on a problem.
16. What Computers Can Do Well
Doing the same things over and over
Remembering things
Mathematics, ‘regular’ and true / false
Changing actions based on conditions
Taking in information
Sending out information
17. What Computers Can Do Well
Doing the same things over and and Subroutines
Loops over
Remembering things Variables and Assignment
Mathematics, ‘regular’ and true / falseOperators
Statements
Changing actions based on conditions
Conditionals
and Blocks
Taking in information
Sending out information
Input
Output
18. Statements, and Blocks
A statement is a basic instruction for the computer
Statements are executed in order, from first to last
One or more statements may be grouped together
into a block
A block is marked by curly braces
{ and }
19. Loops
A loop is a special kind of statement that tells a computer
to repeat a given set of instructions
A for-loop repeats a given number of times
e.g. say “hi” five times:
for (1..5) { say “hi” }
A while-loop repeats as long as a certain condition is true
e.g. go somewhere :
while (not arrived) { take step }
20. Subroutines
A subroutine, function or procedure is a block of statements
that’s been given a name and which is executed when ever
that name is used. Essentially, it’s a miniature sub-program
that you can use in your larger program.
Once a function finishes, the execution returns to the place
from which it was called.
Functions can take parameters, or arguments, which allow
values to be sent into the block of code
Functions can return values.
21. Variables
A variable has a name, or identifier, and may have a
value associated.
Associate a given value with a given variable by making
an assignment.
Variables can be declared, which creates them without
any value. Some languages require this.
22. Variable Names
MUST:
Start with a letter
Contain letters or numbers or underscores
SHOULD:
Be meaningful (often 10+ characters)
Be readable (use _ or mixCase to mark words)
Follow convention (start lower case, i, x, y)
23. Basic Values
Literal values:
Numbers
0, -3, 8.223419783
Strings (a series of characters)
“zero”, ”0”, “cheddar cheese”
Expressions:
One or more values, expressions, or variables combined by operators
8.3 * 4.291
2
“smoked” . “ “ . “cheddar”
A variable used in a expression is replaced by its value
ingredient_count + 3
24. Operators
There are all the standard math operators
+ - * / % ()
The string concatenation operator combines two or more strings into
one
Depends on the language (often . or +)
There are many other operators too
Boolean math
Comparisons
Specialized
Operators combine values and expressions into larger expressions
25. Conditionals
A conditional, or branch, statement executes a
block of other statements based on whether a
given condition is true or false
Conditions are evaluated using boolean
operators, as well as comparisons and other
things that are true or false
26. General Conditional Statement
if (condition)
Block executed if condition is true
else if (other condition)
Block executed if other condition is true
else
Block executed if all conditions are false
27. Input and Output
Special statements get data into and out of a
program.
Details vary by language
Data can come from:
keyboard, web page, mouse, file, other
Data can go to:
screen, file, the internet, other
28. Comments
Comments are a way to put text in the program
code which does not get executed. This is very
useful for leaving notes / descriptions /
explanations, and for testing.
Comments are usually denoted by
# or // to comment to the end of the line
/* to comment out multiple lines
*/
29. Best Practices
Always make backups of original working code before
messing with it
Use comments to mark what you change, how, and
when, and to keep copies of original statements
Test early, test often
Work together – more eyes means fewer bugs
Read the manual – there are great references online
Look at examples