This document discusses traditional costumes and customs from various ethnic groups in Nepal and China. It provides details on the traditional attire of Nepali men and women, such as the Daura Suruwal and Gunyu Cholo. It also describes traditional costumes of the Newar, Tharu, and Limbu communities in Nepal. For China, it outlines the evolution of traditional hanfu costumes through different dynasties like Shang, Zhou, Tang, Ming, and Qing. It notes the close cultural similarities between Northern Nepal and China, including in areas of costumes, language, and cuisine due to their proximity.

1. Bishweshwar Prasad Bhatt
2021YM04-Bishweshwar Prasad

2. Nepali Customes
 Nepal is a multi ethnic and multi cultural country having numerous customs,
traditions, customes and food practices.
 There are more than 100 different ethnic groups with more than 30 dress up
styles. Because of heterogenic communities within small geographical area, we
can observe amazing and peculiar customes in each community.
 It means that Nepali ethnic wear is much more than just daura suruwal, Dhaka
topi and gunyun cholo. Out of many famous ethnic clothing, following are the
well developed and prevailing ones in Nepal.

3.  Nepalese men wear Daura Suruwal with Dhaka
Topi, and the women wear Gunyu Cholo.
 Government Officials and others use this traditional
dress on important events and festive occasions.
 However, ‘Gunyu Cholo,’ has lost its relevance in
modern times as Sari is a favorite among the ladies.
 Daura Suruwal was an ancient national dress of Nepal
but now a days it has been greatly replaced by a Coat
Piant.

4. Daura Suruwal
and
Gunyo Cholo

5. Newari Customes
 Newari dress is another prevailing customes in Newari community.Haku
Patasi and Tapalan Suruwal are their ethnic customes.
 Hakku patashi is the traditional outfit cloth of the women. It is basically a
black sari made up of pure cotton with red borders. The sari is paired with a
white patuka, a kind of waistband, and a shawl worn diagonally over the
blouse. Both the patuka and shawl are made up of cotton. Hakku patashi is
especially worn during Newari cultural events
 While Tapalan and Suruwal is the traditional attire of Newar men.

7. Tharu Customes
 Mardani and phad, a type of inner wear, is the major attire of the Tharu
men.
 And, the traditional outfit of Tharu women is cholia/choli, a type of blouse
usually black in colour. Nahagi, a white cloth dress and uporona, the cloth
wrapped around the chest,fit together with cholia. They wear these clothes
especially in their cultural and religious rituals.
 Tharu community is a main ethnic group of Terai zone of Nepal.

8. Tharu Dress Up Female………

9. Tharu Dress Up Male……..

10. Limbu Customes
 Limbu are another ethnic group having their own costumes
which displays their originality and identity.
 Mekhli is a long dress made of Dhaka, worn with a horizontal
strip of cloth along with collars in a V-neck style or crossing
over. This is feminine attire .
 where as a type of cap that is pointy and ties at the back with
long strips; sandokpa, a upper body cloth; sungrehba, a type of
coat; Dhaka topi; lapetta and pagappa, upper body cloth;
ningkheng, a kind of scarf; phaoee or paohao are the male
attire.

12. China has a long history of peculiar clothing in
relation to various different dynasties, each being
special and influential in their own way in term of
their distinct feature and originality.
Out of many Chinese customes there are few that
really evolved and developed as a historic traditional
customes of China.

13. Shang and Zhou Dynasty
Gown above waist and Skirts below waist. Crown(Nobel
people),Turban(ordinary people).
Shenyi literally means "wrapping the body deep within
the clothes" came in existence in Zhou dynasty with
round sleeves and square collar connoting faying in with
a rule,vertical line at back indicating honesty,horizontal
line on dress tail showing impartiality.

14. Quin and Han dynasty
 Gown style dress in Han dynasty,Shenyi(female
garment),Zhiju worn by men and women,Ru
dress,crown and peishou are some examples of
costumes.
Wei and Jin dynasty
Mainly loose style costumes preferred.men used to wear
loose clothes with full sleeves and women had typical
clothes namely Za ju Chui Shao dress characterizes by wide
top and tapering bottom.

15. Sui and Tang dynasty
 The Tang Dynasty was the most thriving, prosperous, splendid,
and glorious period of ancient Chinese culture and art. The style
of women's clothing during the Tang dynasty is the most
outstanding in China's history. Tang dynasty attire had many
different styles, and was ever changing, which enabled the look
of the Tang dynasty style to remain elegant, noble and poised,
and forever unique and amazing. The costumes of the Tang
dynasty are like exotic flowers in Chinese history. The quality of
the material was particularly fine and delicate, and the
decorations lustrous.Women wore short coat and long skirts
with high tied waist.Women wore males clothes,example of
opening society.Men still wore Fu Tou on the head and
Gown.Women highly focused on make-up.Hua Dian mostly
wore.Hair style was very simple in Sui dynasty but very fancy in
Tang dynasty.Males wore round collar robe and long sleeves
which were very simple.

16. Ming Dynasty
 Strict rule of customes set up. Social institutions
stressed. Ranks for emperor's and officials established.
Formal and casual attire differentiated.Bufu was the
official dress worn on formal programmes.Male wore
gown with large full fronts and Female Bi Jia.Wmen
also wore Ru on the upper part and Skirt on lower part
and Qi Ku9trouser leg).Used to wear tie
'Gongtao'woven by ribbons.

17. Qing Dynasty
 Established by Munchu. Women's dresses included court, ceremonial
and casual costumes. The code of court costume was prescribed as
specific dresses for women from the queen to wives or mothers of the
seven-rank officials. Ceremonial costume referred to auspicious dresses
and mourning apparels. Women's dress for wedding, funeral and
birthday were prescribed according to their ranks. Casual costume had
various styles. Winter court hats of empress dowagers and empresses
were made of fumed marten and sewn with red wefts. Their hats
adorned with pearl, gold pheasant patterns, gems and jade ornaments
had protective collar behind the neck with drooping bright yellow
ribbons. Summer court hats were made of cyan velvet.
 Men's costume mainly included long gowns and mandarin jackets, and
the sleeve ends employed the horse-hoof shape for the first time. The
structure of a long gown was simple, with erect collar and straight main
body. Most long gowns had bigger inner piece on the right side. Both
back and front parts had seams, and the lower hem might have two
splits, four splits or no split.

18. Nepali and Chinese Customes are very close and
historic. Since Nepal and China are Close neighbour
countries having much similarities in
culture,customes,language and many traditions, we
have very intimate relationship.Nepal is importing
most of it’s clothes from China.It shows how Nepal
prefer and utilize Chinese clothes. In Northern Nepal
which is a boarder to China, there is a dense residence
of Sherpa, Limbu, Bhote, Magar, Tamang etc whose
customes,culture ,Cuisine and even a language is very
close to Chinese people.So there is very closeness in
customes between Nepal and China.