The document discusses various aspects of management including: 1. It defines management as coordinating business activities to achieve objectives. 2. There are different perspectives on management, some emphasize performance while others emphasize mentorship and developing people. 3. Effective managers make employees productive and inspire them. The document then discusses the importance of management and different types of management such as financial management, material/purchasing management, and human resources management. It provides details on the roles and responsibilities within each of these areas. Overall, the document provides a comprehensive overview of the key elements of management.

1. Yousef Hani

2.  The organization and coordination of the activities of a
business in order to accomplish & achieve defined objectives.
 Some professors emphasis on performance, quality, and
service. On the other hand other professors emphasize on
mentorship, a love for managing and working with people;
managers are excellent communicators and value shapers.
 If you learn only two things as you journey through the
subject of management and managing, learn that effective
managers intend to make their employees productive, and
they also have the ability to inspire people.

3.  Learning about management is important for two reasons.
 First, our society depends on specialized institutions and organizations to
provide the goods and services we desire. These organizations are guided
and directed by the decisions of one or more individuals designed as
“managers.”
 In capitalistic societies, it is managers who allocate society’s resources to
various and often competing ends. Managers have the authority and
responsibility to build safe or unsafe products. Seek war or peace build or
destroy cities, or clean up or pollute the environment.
 Managers establish the conditions under which we are provided
jobs, incomes, lifestyles, products, services, protection, health care, and
knowledge.
 It would be very difficult to find anyone who is neither a manager nor
affected by the decisions of a manager.

4.  Second, individuals not trained as managers often find
themselves in managerial positions. Many individuals
presently being trained to be
teachers, accountants, musicians, salespersons, artists, ph
ysicians, or lawyers will one day earn their livings as
managers. They will manage schools, accounting
firms, orchestras, sales
organizations, museums, hospitals, and government
agencies.
 The future success of any industrialized nation in the
global village lies in managing productivity, being able to
cope with environmental changes, and properly managing
the workforce.
 These challenges will require well-
educated, knowledgeable and hard-working individuals
deciding that management career is of value to them
personally.

5.  Management is like the ocean it’s so big
and so deep, there are too many types of
management and here are some of them:
 Financial Management
 Material Management
 Human Resources Management

6.  It’s considered to be the art and science of
managing money, it is concerned with the duties
of the financial manager in the business firm and
how can he be able to look beyond financial
statements to obtain insight into existing or
developing problems and to make the right
decision when needed.
 Financial managers actively manage the
financial affairs of any type of business
(financial or not financial, private or
public, large and small, profit-seeking and
not profit-seeking).

7.  They perform such varied financial tasks as
planning, extending credit to
customers, evaluating proposed large
expenditures, and raising money to fund the
firm’s operations. In recent years, the
changing economic and regulatory
environments have increased the importance
and complexity of the financial manager’s
duties. As a result, many top executives have
come from the finance area.

8. o It’s considered to be the art and science of
buying raw materials for organizations, in
other words; planning, organizing and
controlling all activities concerned with the
flow of materials in to the organization.
 Material management involves four steps:
 Learning of needs.
 Locating and selecting suppliers.
 Negotiation on price.
 Follow up to ensure delivery.

9.  The most challenging aspects of material
management (purchasing function) to its
practitioners are the variety of decisions
involved like:
 Should we make or buy?
 Who should we buy from?
 Should we inventory materials or not?
 How much to inventory?
 How do we protect our self from the future?

10.  The objectives of the purchasing and supply (Material)
management are that it should obtain:
 The right materials (right quality).
 The right quantity.
 Delivery at the right time.
 Delivery at the right place.
 From the right source (a supplier who is reliable and will meet
his commitments as required from him).
 With the right service (and right service mentioned here
means, before and after the sale).
 At the right price.
 And these seven objectives of the purchasing and supply
(Material) management are widely known as the seven rights (7
rights).

11.  And when we talk about purchasing and supply (Material)
management, then we must mention the steps in the
purchasing system of any organization (Profit or nonprofit).
 Recognition of need: This means that purchasing department
must recognize the requirements of its internal customers, and
also to predict the needs of various departments.
 Description of the need: This means an accurate statement of
the characteristics and amount of the commodity or service
desired.
 Determination and analysis of possible source of supply: This
means locating a supplier who can meet the organization’s
requirements with respect to (quality, quantity, and all the
rest of the seven rights.
 Determine price and other terms: this step requires
negotiations with the predetermined supply sources.

12.  Preparation and placement of the purchase order: A purchase
order is a buying contract that contains all the details such as
the price, quality, who pays the cost of
packaging, transportation and insurance.
 Follow up and expedite the order: Follow up means tracking
the order to guarantee delivery of the right material in the
right time and quantity, and expediting means practicing
pressure on the supplier to meet the original delivery promise
or to speed up delivery.
 Receipts and inspection of goods: It’s a process of comparing
the items arrived with their copy of purchase order and list
of specifications.

13.  Clear the invoice and pay to the supplier: In this process the
accounting department / finance office compares details of
the invoice with details of the purchase order receipt, if they
match, the money is paid, if not the money is withheld until
the problem is resolved.
 Record keeping: In this process purchasing keep records of all
forms and information that might be needed in the future.

14.  It may be defined as programs, policies and
practices for managing an organization’s
workforce or human resources.
 And one of the most important aspects of
human resource management (HRM) is, it’s
activities which can be divided into the
following categories:

15.  Planning: if there’s one aspect in today’s business world
that you can count on, it is constant change and I’ll quote
another professor by saying “The only certainty is
uncertainty” which means that the human resource
management (HRM) planning with regard to the types of
employees needed and their job requirements is therefore
critical, but HRM planning is not just something that
organizations need to do, all employees need to plan for
their future to ensure that they have the necessary
abilities and experiences to succeed as their job and
career changes. In today’s world, no employee can sit by
passively; he must do his own HRM planning.

16.  Staffing: it refers to recruiting, hiring, promotions, and the
termination process. All organizations (big or small) must pay
close attention to staffing decisions because one poorly qualified
employee will have a negative impact on the organization
specially the small ones. There are a variety of recruiting sources
to generate job applicants and selection methods to choose the
most qualified candidate, and it’s very delicate process due to its
legal ramifications.
 Evaluating and compensating: organizations evaluate their
employees for several different reasons, including determining
pay raises, giving feedback, and assessing training programs.
Organizations compensate employees through wages and
salaries, bonuses, and benefits such as health insurance, vacation
time, and pension programs, and these activities are obviously
important for achieving HRM goals.

17.  Improving the organization: in today’s world, organizations are
constantly on the look out for new ways to improve the
organization, including employee training, implementing work
redesign programs, and enhancing safety and health in the work
place. Organizations must constantly improve themselves for
several reasons.
o First, technology is always changing, which in turn requires that
employees receive training for these new procedures and equipment.
o Second, new ideas regarding organizational productivity are
constantly emerging.
o Third, competition from other organizations forces companies to
improve continually. Finally, failure to maintain a safe and healthy
workplace may lead to legal sanctions, negative publicity, increased
accidents, and employee time off from work.

18.  Maintaining effective employer- employee relationships: it’s
considered to be very important to companies for two
reasons.
o First, employees who are dissatisfied are more likely to quite.
If they are not unionized, dissatisfied employees may seek
out a union to represent them, a move that most
organizations will oppose. If they are already unionized, the
employees may file many grievances and in some cases even
go on strike. In short, poor employer-employee relationships
can create many problems for the organization.
o Second, there are dozens of laws pertaining to the employer-
employee relationship.

19.  A manager is the one who can direct people and make
them more productive, he’s also the one who’s able to
make the right decisions at the right time, and also can
make plans for the future.
 The good manager must understand the reality of the
human behavior, and the success of the manager is by the
way he treats his people, and by the way he motivates
them to give their best.
 Managers must accomplish much of their work through
other people. And because of this, human skill is essential.

20.  There are certain core skills are needed for effective
managerial performance, regardless of the level of the
manager in the hierarchy of the organization;
 Conceptual skills: The ability to see the overall organization and to
integrate all parts of the system, and this kind is used mainly in the
top level managers (e.g. president).
 Human skills: The ability to work with, communicate with, and
understand other people, and this kind is used mainly in the middle
level managers (e.g. district manager).
 Technical skills: The ability to use specific
knowledge, techniques, and resources in performing work, and this
kind is used mainly in the lower level managers (e.g. first-line
supervisors).

21.  Saying that the manager must have leadership abilities
means that every manager must be a leader, but it
doesn’t mean that every leader is a manager. And here
are the characteristics of the successful manager:
 He acts as problems solver.
 He acts as a disturbance handler.
 He has a strong personality.
 He prefers to lead than to follow.
 He must be wise.
 He is always active.
 He is always responsible.
 He is capable of making decisions.
 He prefers to control than to be controlled.
 He must have the ability to direct people.

22.  At the end I’ll say that Management is an art and a
science, and science is about truth, and that’s
what’s management is all about, the truth, finding
the truth by collecting information and use it
wisely to manage any organization of any kind.
 And I’ll end by the quote that says:
“Management is like an ocean you can’t go through
it unless you know how to swim”.

23. Yousef Hani