The document outlines a bioinformatics course at Abasyn University that aims to train students in analyzing genetic data, understanding protein structures, and utilizing computational tools for biological data analysis. It discusses the definition and interdisciplinary nature of bioinformatics, highlighting its reliance on computer science and mathematics to analyze biological information. Additionally, it reviews the resources provided by the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI), including various databases and tools for managing biological data.

1. (BS)-Course
BIOINFORMATICS
Hasnain Israr
Department of Medical Lab Technology (MLT)
Abasyn University Islamabad

2. Learning Objective
 To train students to analyze genetics data for
research
 To learn the details of proteins structure and their
bioactive configuration
 To learn about computational analysis of proteins
structure and functions
 To learn about computational tools for protein and
nucleic acid analysis

3. Recommended Books

4. Evaluation System
• Assignments 05%
• Quizzes 15%
• Presentations 05%
• Midterm Exams 25%
• Final Exams 50%

5. Topic-1
Introduction to Information Technology and
Bioinformatics Basic Concepts

6. Bioinformatics
The combination of
Biology and Informatics
Originally refers to the use of computational
tools to organize and analyze genetic and
protein sequence data
First coined by Dr. Hwa Lim in 1988

7. Bioinformatics
It is an interdisciplinary approach requiring
advanced knowledge of computer
mathematics and statistical methods for
understanding of biological phenomena at
the molecular level

8. Bioinformatics
The NCBI defines bioinformatics as:
"Bioinformatics is the field of science in which
biology, computer science, and information
technology merge into a single discipline”

9. What is Bioinformatics
Easy Answer
Using computers to solve molecular biology
problems; Intersection of molecular biology and
computer science
Hard Answer
Computational techniques (e.g. algorithms, artificial
intelligence, databases) for management and
analysis of biological data and knowledge

10. What is Bioinformatics
Bioinformatics = Biology + Information
Computation methods are necessary to analyze the
massive amount of information that coming out of
the genome projects

11. Bioinformatics
Biological
Data
Computer
Analysis
+

12. Bioinformatics
 It is an interdisciplinary field that develops methods
and software tools for understanding biological data
 As an interdisciplinary field of science, bioinformatics
combines computer science, statistics, mathematics,
and engineering to analyze and interpret biological
data

13. Components of Bioinformatics
 Creation of databases
 Development of algorithms and statistics
 Analysis of data interpretation

14. National Centre for Biotechnology Information
(NCBI)
The NCBI houses a series of
databases relevant to biotechnology and
biomedicine and is an important resource for
bioinformatics tools and services

15. National Centre for Biotechnology Information
(http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/)
Developed by National Library of Medicine (NLM) at the
National Institutes of Health (NIH)
A comprehensive website for biologists including
 Biology-related databases
 tools for viewing and analyzing
 automated systems for storing and retrieval

16. NCBI Home Page

17. DNA/RNA Domain of
NCBI
 GenBank (Submitter owned)
 RefSeq (Reference Sequence) (Annotated)
 SRA (Sequence read archive) (Short sequences
typically less then 1000bp)
 PopSet (Population data set) (related DNA sequences
derived from mutations and phylogenetic analysis)
 Biosample

18. What's the difference between PubMed and
PubMed Central?

19. PubMed

20. PMC

21. NLM Catalog

22. MeSH

23. NCBI Book Shelf

24. Taxonomy Domain of NCBI
 The NCBI Taxonomy Database

25. DNA/RNA Domain of NCBI
 GenBank
 RefSeq
 SRA
 PopSet
 Biosample

26. GenBank

27. RefSeq

28. GenBank vs RefSeq
 A GenBank genome assembly contains assembled genome
sequences submitted by investigators
 A RefSeq genome assembly represents an NCBI-derived copy of a
submitted GenBank assembly
 RefSeq records are maintained by NCBI
 NCBI staff may remove short sequences or reported
contaminants from the assembly

29. GenBank vs RefSeq
 All RefSeq genome assemblies include annotation
 The GenBank assembly is an archival record that is owned by the
submitter. In rare cases where NCBI makes updates to the
GenBank assembly, for example, to remove contaminated
sequences, the original submitter will be notified

30. GenBank vs RefSeq

31. PopSet

32. SRA

33. BioSample