▸ Environmental pollution: types, causes, effects and contrrajkrpurbey
▸ Environmental pollution: types, causes, effects and controls; Air, wat soil and noise pollution
▸ Solid waste management: Control measures of urban and industrial waste ▸ Environment Laws: Environment Protection Act, Air (Prevention & Control of Pollution) Act; Water (Prevention and control of pollution) Act, Wildlife Protection Act; Forest Conservation Act. International agreements, policies and treaties
▸ Environmental pollution: types, causes, effects and contrrajkrpurbey
▸ Environmental pollution: types, causes, effects and controls; Air, wat soil and noise pollution
▸ Solid waste management: Control measures of urban and industrial waste ▸ Environment Laws: Environment Protection Act, Air (Prevention & Control of Pollution) Act; Water (Prevention and control of pollution) Act, Wildlife Protection Act; Forest Conservation Act. International agreements, policies and treaties
Ecology derived from two Greek word “oikos” means house, habitation or place of living & “logos” means study.
Definition: Ecology is the study of interrelationship between living organism and their physical and biological environment.
In this presentations, structure of ecosystems, food chain, food web, ecological pyramids, energy flow, biogeochemical cycles of nitrogen and phosphorus is explained.
Ecology is the scientific study of the intricate relationships between living organisms and their environment. It seeks to understand how organisms interact with one another and their surroundings, from the smallest microorganisms to the largest ecosystems. One fundamental aspect of ecology is the examination of biogeochemical cycles, which are essential processes that govern the flow of elements and compounds through the Earth's ecosystems. These cycles encompass the movement of essential elements like carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, and water between the living and non-living components of the environment. For example, the carbon cycle involves the exchange of carbon dioxide between the atmosphere, plants, and animals, regulating the levels of this greenhouse gas in the atmosphere and influencing climate. The nitrogen cycle is another vital process, as it controls the availability of nitrogen for plants and, subsequently, for all organisms in a given ecosystem. Biogeochemical cycles are critical to maintaining the delicate balance of nutrients and elements necessary for life on Earth, and any disruptions to these cycles can have profound ecological consequences. Understanding these cycles is crucial for environmental conservation and for addressing global challenges like climate change and nutrient pollution. In sum, ecology and biogeochemical cycles are intimately linked, providing the foundation for understanding how life and the environment are intricately interconnected and interdependent.
WRI’s brand new “Food Service Playbook for Promoting Sustainable Food Choices” gives food service operators the very latest strategies for creating dining environments that empower consumers to choose sustainable, plant-rich dishes. This research builds off our first guide for food service, now with industry experience and insights from nearly 350 academic trials.
Ecology derived from two Greek word “oikos” means house, habitation or place of living & “logos” means study.
Definition: Ecology is the study of interrelationship between living organism and their physical and biological environment.
In this presentations, structure of ecosystems, food chain, food web, ecological pyramids, energy flow, biogeochemical cycles of nitrogen and phosphorus is explained.
Ecology is the scientific study of the intricate relationships between living organisms and their environment. It seeks to understand how organisms interact with one another and their surroundings, from the smallest microorganisms to the largest ecosystems. One fundamental aspect of ecology is the examination of biogeochemical cycles, which are essential processes that govern the flow of elements and compounds through the Earth's ecosystems. These cycles encompass the movement of essential elements like carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, and water between the living and non-living components of the environment. For example, the carbon cycle involves the exchange of carbon dioxide between the atmosphere, plants, and animals, regulating the levels of this greenhouse gas in the atmosphere and influencing climate. The nitrogen cycle is another vital process, as it controls the availability of nitrogen for plants and, subsequently, for all organisms in a given ecosystem. Biogeochemical cycles are critical to maintaining the delicate balance of nutrients and elements necessary for life on Earth, and any disruptions to these cycles can have profound ecological consequences. Understanding these cycles is crucial for environmental conservation and for addressing global challenges like climate change and nutrient pollution. In sum, ecology and biogeochemical cycles are intimately linked, providing the foundation for understanding how life and the environment are intricately interconnected and interdependent.
WRI’s brand new “Food Service Playbook for Promoting Sustainable Food Choices” gives food service operators the very latest strategies for creating dining environments that empower consumers to choose sustainable, plant-rich dishes. This research builds off our first guide for food service, now with industry experience and insights from nearly 350 academic trials.
Epcon is One of the World's leading Manufacturing Companies.EpconLP
Epcon is One of the World's leading Manufacturing Companies. With over 4000 installations worldwide, EPCON has been pioneering new techniques since 1977 that have become industry standards now. Founded in 1977, Epcon has grown from a one-man operation to a global leader in developing and manufacturing innovative air pollution control technology and industrial heating equipment.
Willie Nelson Net Worth: A Journey Through Music, Movies, and Business Venturesgreendigital
Willie Nelson is a name that resonates within the world of music and entertainment. Known for his unique voice, and masterful guitar skills. and an extraordinary career spanning several decades. Nelson has become a legend in the country music scene. But, his influence extends far beyond the realm of music. with ventures in acting, writing, activism, and business. This comprehensive article delves into Willie Nelson net worth. exploring the various facets of his career that have contributed to his large fortune.
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Introduction
Willie Nelson net worth is a testament to his enduring influence and success in many fields. Born on April 29, 1933, in Abbott, Texas. Nelson's journey from a humble beginning to becoming one of the most iconic figures in American music is nothing short of inspirational. His net worth, which estimated to be around $25 million as of 2024. reflects a career that is as diverse as it is prolific.
Early Life and Musical Beginnings
Humble Origins
Willie Hugh Nelson was born during the Great Depression. a time of significant economic hardship in the United States. Raised by his grandparents. Nelson found solace and inspiration in music from an early age. His grandmother taught him to play the guitar. setting the stage for what would become an illustrious career.
First Steps in Music
Nelson's initial foray into the music industry was fraught with challenges. He moved to Nashville, Tennessee, to pursue his dreams, but success did not come . Working as a songwriter, Nelson penned hits for other artists. which helped him gain a foothold in the competitive music scene. His songwriting skills contributed to his early earnings. laying the foundation for his net worth.
Rise to Stardom
Breakthrough Albums
The 1970s marked a turning point in Willie Nelson's career. His albums "Shotgun Willie" (1973), "Red Headed Stranger" (1975). and "Stardust" (1978) received critical acclaim and commercial success. These albums not only solidified his position in the country music genre. but also introduced his music to a broader audience. The success of these albums played a crucial role in boosting Willie Nelson net worth.
Iconic Songs
Willie Nelson net worth is also attributed to his extensive catalog of hit songs. Tracks like "Blue Eyes Crying in the Rain," "On the Road Again," and "Always on My Mind" have become timeless classics. These songs have not only earned Nelson large royalties but have also ensured his continued relevance in the music industry.
Acting and Film Career
Hollywood Ventures
In addition to his music career, Willie Nelson has also made a mark in Hollywood. His distinctive personality and on-screen presence have landed him roles in several films and television shows. Notable appearances include roles in "The Electric Horseman" (1979), "Honeysuckle Rose" (1980), and "Barbarosa" (1982). These acting gigs have added a significant amount to Willie Nelson net worth.
Television Appearances
Nelson's char
UNDERSTANDING WHAT GREEN WASHING IS!.pdfJulietMogola
Many companies today use green washing to lure the public into thinking they are conserving the environment but in real sense they are doing more harm. There have been such several cases from very big companies here in Kenya and also globally. This ranges from various sectors from manufacturing and goes to consumer products. Educating people on greenwashing will enable people to make better choices based on their analysis and not on what they see on marketing sites.
Climate Change All over the World .pptxsairaanwer024
Climate change refers to significant and lasting changes in the average weather patterns over periods ranging from decades to millions of years. It encompasses both global warming driven by human emissions of greenhouse gases and the resulting large-scale shifts in weather patterns. While climate change is a natural phenomenon, human activities, particularly since the Industrial Revolution, have accelerated its pace and intensity
Characterization and the Kinetics of drying at the drying oven and with micro...Open Access Research Paper
The objective of this work is to contribute to valorization de Nephelium lappaceum by the characterization of kinetics of drying of seeds of Nephelium lappaceum. The seeds were dehydrated until a constant mass respectively in a drying oven and a microwawe oven. The temperatures and the powers of drying are respectively: 50, 60 and 70°C and 140, 280 and 420 W. The results show that the curves of drying of seeds of Nephelium lappaceum do not present a phase of constant kinetics. The coefficients of diffusion vary between 2.09.10-8 to 2.98. 10-8m-2/s in the interval of 50°C at 70°C and between 4.83×10-07 at 9.04×10-07 m-8/s for the powers going of 140 W with 420 W the relation between Arrhenius and a value of energy of activation of 16.49 kJ. mol-1 expressed the effect of the temperature on effective diffusivity.
"Understanding the Carbon Cycle: Processes, Human Impacts, and Strategies for...MMariSelvam4
The carbon cycle is a critical component of Earth's environmental system, governing the movement and transformation of carbon through various reservoirs, including the atmosphere, oceans, soil, and living organisms. This complex cycle involves several key processes such as photosynthesis, respiration, decomposition, and carbon sequestration, each contributing to the regulation of carbon levels on the planet.
Human activities, particularly fossil fuel combustion and deforestation, have significantly altered the natural carbon cycle, leading to increased atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations and driving climate change. Understanding the intricacies of the carbon cycle is essential for assessing the impacts of these changes and developing effective mitigation strategies.
By studying the carbon cycle, scientists can identify carbon sources and sinks, measure carbon fluxes, and predict future trends. This knowledge is crucial for crafting policies aimed at reducing carbon emissions, enhancing carbon storage, and promoting sustainable practices. The carbon cycle's interplay with climate systems, ecosystems, and human activities underscores its importance in maintaining a stable and healthy planet.
In-depth exploration of the carbon cycle reveals the delicate balance required to sustain life and the urgent need to address anthropogenic influences. Through research, education, and policy, we can work towards restoring equilibrium in the carbon cycle and ensuring a sustainable future for generations to come.
Artificial Reefs by Kuddle Life Foundation - May 2024punit537210
Situated in Pondicherry, India, Kuddle Life Foundation is a charitable, non-profit and non-governmental organization (NGO) dedicated to improving the living standards of coastal communities and simultaneously placing a strong emphasis on the protection of marine ecosystems.
One of the key areas we work in is Artificial Reefs. This presentation captures our journey so far and our learnings. We hope you get as excited about marine conservation and artificial reefs as we are.
Please visit our website: https://kuddlelife.org
Our Instagram channel:
@kuddlelifefoundation
Our Linkedin Page:
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and write to us if you have any questions:
info@kuddlelife.org
2. By completing this lesson, you will
learn about…
• The scope of
Ecology
• Ecological
Organization
• Energy Flow
• Feeding
Relationships
• Chemical Cycles
3. Studies in Ecology Concept Map
Biology
Ecology
Population Ecology
Community Ecology
Conservation Ecology
Ecosystem Ecology
4. Energy Flow Concept Map
Chemical
Cycles
Feeding
Relationships
Energy Flow
Trophic
Levels
5. The Scope of Ecology
• Introduction
• Ecological Organization
• The Branches of Ecology
6. What is Ecology?
• ECOLOGY – The study of interactions
between organisms and environments.
8. Population
Community
Biome
Biosphere
Ecosystem
Organism A single living thing
A group of organisms of the same species that
live together.
A group of Populations that live together
Communities and their physical environments
A group of ecosystems that have the same climate.
All the biomes on Earth. Thus, all the living areas
of the planet.
10. Branches of Ecology
Population Ecology
Study of how populations grow
Conservation Ecology
Study of how to preserve
And create a healthy,
Lasting biosphere
Community Ecology
Study of how populations interact
with each other
Ecosystem Ecology
Study of how populations
interact with their
physical environment
11. Question: Levels of Organization
Match the terms on the left with the definitions on the right
Population Ecology
Areas of same climate
Study of group growth
Example of a biome
Biome
Tundra
12. Question: Levels of Organization
Match the terms on the left with the definitions on the right
Population Ecology
Areas of same climate
Study of group growth
Example of a biome
Biome
Tundra
14. Overview: Energy Flow Ecosystem
Level of ecological study that includes all
organisms in a given area along with the
factors with which they interact.
A community and its physical environment.
Most ecosystems
are driven
by energy
from
sunlight
Energy flow and chemical cycling are two interrelated processes that occur
by transfer of substances through the feeding levels of ecosystems.
15. Key Concept:
One of the ways in which energy flows
through an Ecosystem is by feeding. Different
living organisms eat each other, and the food
is energy moving from one organism to the
next.
16. What is a Food Web?
• The feeding relationships in an
ecosystem. Also called a food chain.
17.
18. Example of a food web
grass
(seeds)
grasshopper
mouse
snake
rabbit
decomposers
Bacteria & Fungus
19. What are Trophic levels?
• Trophic level – each feeding level in a
food web or chain.
20. Trophic level organisms: Producers
Producers are the backbone trophic level
Producers are autotrophs which gets energy from the sun
using photosynthesis. Plants, algae & phytoplankton
21. Trophic level: Consumers
Consumers is a trophic level of heterotrophs
Consumers are heterotrophs which eat other organisms for energy,
such as snails and pigs. There are many trophic levels of consumers.
Herbivores eat plants only. (cows)
Carnivores eat animals only. (sharks)
Omnivores eat plants and animals.(humans, mice)
Decomposers break down dead, rotting remains.
( bacteria, mushrooms)
22. Trophic levels of food webs
PRODUCERS
Autotrophs
CONSUMERS
(Heterotrophs)
Herbivores
Carnivores
Omnivores
decomposers
waste and
remains
detritivores
24. Trophic level Pyramid
Producers
Autotrophs
Primary Consumer
Heterotrophs
Herbivores
Secondary
Consumer
Tertiary
Consumer
Uses the sun’s energy to make its own food- photosynthesis
About 10% of
available NRG
is passed up
1000
100
10
25. Trophic level Pyramid
Producers
Autotrophs
Primary Consumer
Heterotrophs
Herbivores
Secondary
Consumer
Tertiary
Consumer
Uses the sun’s energy to make its own food- photosynthesis
About 10% of
available NRG
is passed up
1000
100
10
The rest is lost as
Heat and Waste
26.
27. Primary Productivity
The rate at which light energy is converted to the chemical energy
of organic compounds by autotrophs in an ecosystem.
primary productivity is limited by a variety of factors that depend on
the specific ecosystem as well as change in season.
Usually only about 10% of the chemical energy available at one
trophic level appears at the next.
28. Question: Trophic Levels
• What type of organisms
consume wastes?
1.______________
2.______________
The food web is organized by
__________ levels.
29. Question: Trophic Levels
• What type of organisms
consume wastes?
1. Detritivores
2. Decomposers
The food web is organized by
Trophic levels.
30. Energy Flow II: Chemical Cycles
• Overview
• Carbon Cycle
• Nitrogen Cycle
• Water Cycle
• Phosphorous Cycle
31. Another way in which energy flows through
an ecosystem is by the cycling of chemical
materials.
Chemical materials are energy, which move
as they cycle from one location to another.
32. Overview: Chemical Cycles
Biogeochemical cycles_________________
The various material circuits, which involve both the
nutrient and physical components of an ecosystem.
Carbon, Nitrogen, Phosphorous and Water are needed by
every organism on Earth. C is needed to build organic
molecules. N is needed for nucleic acids. P is needed for
energy molecules. Water is needed to maintain life. How
does every organism on Earth have access to these limited
resources?
Chemical Cycling
Carbon cycle Nitrogen cycle Phosphorous cycle Water cycle
33. Carbon Cycle
The Carbon cycle reflects the connected processes
of photosynthesis and cellular respiration.
1. Producers convert inorganic carbon dioxide
into organic molecules.
2. Consumers eat the producers.
3. Consumers breathe out CO2 which is
reused by the autotrophs.
Since photosynthesis generates oxygen, the oxygen cycle
is coupled with the carbon cycle.
34.
35.
36. Nitrogen cycle
Certain prokaryotes
fix Nitrogen in the
atmosphere into
ammonia which other
bacteria convert into
nitrites and nitrates.
Plants absorb ammonia and
nitrates and convert them
into proteins that can be
passed onto the food chain.
Nitrogen in the soil is returned
to the atmosphere in the form
of free nitrogen by denitrifying
bacteria for prokaryotes to fix
again.
Detritivores reduce dead
plants, animals and their
products into ammonia
which can be reused by
plants or deposited
in the soil.
37.
38. Phosphorous cycle
Phosphorous from rocks leaks
into the soil by sediment runoff.
Phosphorous is added to the
soil as phosphate.
Plants absorb the phosphate.
Animals eat the plants.
The oceans deposit the
phosphorous onto rocks.
Consumers excrete feces
or decomposers break down
the wastes, which drains by
run-off to the oceans.
39.
40. Water cycle
Rain precipitates water
onto the Earth.
Water lands into the
oceans. It also lands
on soil, and runs-off
into the oceans after use
by living things.
Water from the ocean
evaporates into the air.
Water in the air
condenses into
clouds
Water moving through a plant is called Transpiration
41.
42. Questions: Chemical cycles
Which cycle has a chemical
which become deposited
on rocks?
Which cycle provides the
basis of organic molecules?
Which cycle requires the help
of bacteria?
43. Questions: Chemical cycles
Which cycle has a chemical
which become deposited
on rocks?
Which cycle provides the
basis of organic molecules?
Which cycle requires the help
of bacteria?
Phosphorous cycle
Carbon cycle
Nitrogen cycle
44. What you have learned..
Feeding relationships
circulate energy from
the sun to producers
to consumers.
Ecology can be studied
at the organism, population,
community, ecosystem,
biome and biosphere level.
Ecology is the
study of
interactions
between
organisms and
environments.
Chemical cycles
circulate raw materials
for organisms to use.
Four major cycles
Carbon, Nitrogen,
Phosphorous and Water
Energy flow is how the
earth circulates energy
to support life. Two types
of energy flow include
feeding relationships and
chemical cycles.