Nanoparticles, advantages and disadvantages, characterization and applications

1. A SEMINAR ON
NANOPARTICLES
Presented by
NIVEDITHA G
NARGUND COLLEGE OF PHARMACY
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2. SEMINAR OUTLINE
 DEFINATION
 ADVANTAGES, LIMITATIONS
 NOVEL NANOPARTICULATE SYSTEMS
 CHARACTERIZATION OF NANOPARTICLES
 THERAPEUTIC APPLICATIONS
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3. NOVEL NANOPARTICULATE SYSTEMS
ADVANTAGES OF NANOPARTICLES.
 Biodegradable,
 Nontoxic,
 Site specific,
 Longer shelf life,
 High carrier capacity,
 Feasibility of incorporation of both hydrophilic and
hydrophobic substances and
 Feasibility of variable routes of administration.
LIMITATIONS
 Drugs can be targeted only to RES or organs which are
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4. NOVEL NANOPARTICULATE SYSTEMS
SOLID LIPID NANOPARTICLES (SLNs)
 The SLNs are submicron colloidal carriers having size
range of 50–1000 nm.
 They are composed of physiological lipid, dispersed in
water or in an aqueous surfactant solution.
 These are colloidal drug carrier combines the
advantages of polymeric nanoparticles, fat emulsion
and liposomes simultaneously and avoiding some of
their disadvantages.
 Here, to overcome the problems associated with the
liquid state of the oil droplets, the liquid lipid was
replaced by a solid lipid,
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5. NOVEL NANOPARTICULATE SYSTEMS
Advantages of SLNs
 small size and relatively narrow size distribution which
provide biological opportunities for site-specific drug
delivery,
 controlled release of the drug over a prolonged period
can be achieved,
 protection of incorporated drug against chemical
degradation,
 possible sterilization by autoclaving or  irradiation,
 no toxic metabolites are produced,
 relatively cheaper and stable and
 ease of large scale production.
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6. NOVEL NANOPARTICULATE SYSTEMS
Preparation Methods of SLNs
 High pressure homogenization technique
- Hot homogenization technique
- Cold homogenization technique
 Microemulsion technique
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7. NOVEL NANOPARTICULATE SYSTEMS
Homogenization Techniques
1. Hot homogenization technique
 involves homogenization of melted lipids at elevated
temperature.
 applied to lipophilic and insoluble drugs.
 many heat sensitive drugs can also be safely processed
because the exposure time to high temperatures is
relatively short.
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8. SLN Preparation using SLN Preparation using
Hot Homogenization Tech Cold Homogenization Tech
MOP of SLNs:-
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10. NOVEL NANOPARTICULATE SYSTEMS
Homogenization Techniques
2. Cold homogenization technique
 involves homogenization of a suspension of solid lipid
at room temperature or below.
 applied to hydrophilic drugs.
 avoids and minimizes melting process of lipid and
 hence it is suitable for thermosensitive drugs.
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11. NOVEL NANOPARTICULATE SYSTEMS
SYNTHETIC NANOPARTICLES USING MICROEMULSIONS
AS NANO-SIZE REACTORS.
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12. CHARACTERIZATION
 The nanoparticles are characterized for size, density,
electrophoretic mobility, angle of contact and specific
surface area.
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13. CHARACTERIZATION
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14. CHARACTERIZATION
Size and Morphology
 Freeze-fracture technique
- a very good technique
- size evaluation
- morphological determination of inner structure of
particles
 Electron microscopy
- measures individual particles for size and its
distribution
- relatively less time consuming
 TEM AND SEM
- permits differentiation among nanocapsules and
nanoparticles
- SEM is relatively less time consuming
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15. CHARACTERIZATION
Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM)
- Using the AFM, individual particles and groups of particles
can be resolved
- applied for characterization of nanospheres and SLNs
- an effective means for the investigation of nanoparticle
behaviour in biological environment
AFM Images : Particle Visualization Display
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16. CHARACTERIZATION
 Specific Surface
- sorptometer is used
- the specific surface area is calculated by the following
equation:
A = 6 / d . D
where,
A = specific surface area
d = density
D= diameter of the particle
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17. THERAPEUTIC APPLICATIONS
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18.  Acne medications from antimicrobial nanoparticles,
 For improved stability –Influenza vaccine,
 Superficial and systemic Staph infections could be
managed via nanoparticles, and
 As a diagnostic agents :
colloidal preparations are used as carriers of radio
isotopes for study of morphology, blood flow and function
of various organs in the body.
THERAPEUTIC APPLICATIONS
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