The document discusses the relationship between technology and project management. It states that technology and project management are closely related, as project management relies on technology. It explores how both fields have evolved over time, with technology advancing rapidly since the 1980s and project management developing methods like PERT and CPM in the 1950s. The conclusion is that technology plays a vital role in project management, and project management cannot be done effectively without technology.
Most of construction projects posses a project based organizational structure, where knowledge
acquired by humans migrate with them outside their organizational bodies once they leave their employer.
Hence, organizational learning and building corporate knowledge that has a life span greater than the
employees‟ turnover are of paramount importance to construction firms. It is considered the means by which
previously acquired experiences from previous projects can be used in decision making processes in similar
projects, wherever similar contexts and conditions are encountered.
The Industry Foundation Classes (IFCs) is an initiative to standardize communication between multidisciplinary
software applications through the use of a common Building Information Model (BIM). It facilitates data
communication between software applications and heterogeneous IT platforms, without human intervention.
This paper addresses the problem of organizational learning within the AEC-FM (Architectural, Engineering,
Construction and Facilities Management) domain. It focuses on the design process and its activities. It proposes
a novel approach for utilizing the object oriented features of the IFC/BIM model to structure captured contextual
information about such objects in a manner that facilitates organizational learning. Furthermore, advanced
object versioning techniques are implemented to capture contextual snapshots of design phases at certain stages
within a well defined workflow. This leads to a BIM based information management system that can achieve a
competitive advantage through organizational learning.
Investment Thesis: Construction TechnologyJeffrey Bantam
The following presentation details my personal investment thesis on technology in the construction sector. Please feel free to reach out to me with any questions or comments!
Since I realized after posting the slideshow that my cover links didn't work - I've listed them here for reference:
Email: jeffreybantam@gmail.com
LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/jeffrey-bantam-7ab54948/
Twitter: https://twitter.com/jeffreybantam
Website: https://jeffreybantam.com/
Background note for Foundation Seminar Series 2016
The impact of digitalisation on work:
Building up national agendas for better implementation of digital changes
Assessment of the Approaches Used in Indigenous Software Products Development...IOSRjournaljce
Acceptability of indigenous software is always low in most of the African countries especially in Nigeria. This paper then study and presents the results on the assessment of the approaches used in indigenous software development products. The study involved ICT firms that specialized in software development and educational institutions who were part of major stakeholders as well as users of software packages. The primary tool for data collection was questionnaire, which was used to elicit information from software developers on the various approaches adopted in their operations. This was also complemented with information from secondary sources. The identified approaches were measured on a five-point Likert scale rating of 5 to 1 to determine their relative strength index (RSI) in the factors. The result revealed the various approaches adopted for software development had significant difference of chi (45)1699.06 at p≤ 0.001 with spiral (6.02), agile (5.86), prototyping (5.67), object oriented (5.48), rotational unified process (5.32), computer and incremental case (4.50), waterfall (3.66) and integrated (1.98) were the commonly adopted approaches used for software development. Similarly, the approaches adopted by software development firms were correlated and returned a significant difference of (Z = 1699.06, p≤ 0.001). The result implies that these approaches had a great impact on the domestic use of software products and perhaps is the most important driver of software industry growth for emerging technologies.
Most of construction projects posses a project based organizational structure, where knowledge
acquired by humans migrate with them outside their organizational bodies once they leave their employer.
Hence, organizational learning and building corporate knowledge that has a life span greater than the
employees‟ turnover are of paramount importance to construction firms. It is considered the means by which
previously acquired experiences from previous projects can be used in decision making processes in similar
projects, wherever similar contexts and conditions are encountered.
The Industry Foundation Classes (IFCs) is an initiative to standardize communication between multidisciplinary
software applications through the use of a common Building Information Model (BIM). It facilitates data
communication between software applications and heterogeneous IT platforms, without human intervention.
This paper addresses the problem of organizational learning within the AEC-FM (Architectural, Engineering,
Construction and Facilities Management) domain. It focuses on the design process and its activities. It proposes
a novel approach for utilizing the object oriented features of the IFC/BIM model to structure captured contextual
information about such objects in a manner that facilitates organizational learning. Furthermore, advanced
object versioning techniques are implemented to capture contextual snapshots of design phases at certain stages
within a well defined workflow. This leads to a BIM based information management system that can achieve a
competitive advantage through organizational learning.
Investment Thesis: Construction TechnologyJeffrey Bantam
The following presentation details my personal investment thesis on technology in the construction sector. Please feel free to reach out to me with any questions or comments!
Since I realized after posting the slideshow that my cover links didn't work - I've listed them here for reference:
Email: jeffreybantam@gmail.com
LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/jeffrey-bantam-7ab54948/
Twitter: https://twitter.com/jeffreybantam
Website: https://jeffreybantam.com/
Background note for Foundation Seminar Series 2016
The impact of digitalisation on work:
Building up national agendas for better implementation of digital changes
Assessment of the Approaches Used in Indigenous Software Products Development...IOSRjournaljce
Acceptability of indigenous software is always low in most of the African countries especially in Nigeria. This paper then study and presents the results on the assessment of the approaches used in indigenous software development products. The study involved ICT firms that specialized in software development and educational institutions who were part of major stakeholders as well as users of software packages. The primary tool for data collection was questionnaire, which was used to elicit information from software developers on the various approaches adopted in their operations. This was also complemented with information from secondary sources. The identified approaches were measured on a five-point Likert scale rating of 5 to 1 to determine their relative strength index (RSI) in the factors. The result revealed the various approaches adopted for software development had significant difference of chi (45)1699.06 at p≤ 0.001 with spiral (6.02), agile (5.86), prototyping (5.67), object oriented (5.48), rotational unified process (5.32), computer and incremental case (4.50), waterfall (3.66) and integrated (1.98) were the commonly adopted approaches used for software development. Similarly, the approaches adopted by software development firms were correlated and returned a significant difference of (Z = 1699.06, p≤ 0.001). The result implies that these approaches had a great impact on the domestic use of software products and perhaps is the most important driver of software industry growth for emerging technologies.
The Impact of Information Technology on Business Transformation in the Operat...IJMIT JOURNAL
The study aims at measuring the effects of information technology on the transformation of businesses in communication companies in Jordan. The study population consisted of companies' directors as well as their deputies, assistants, advisors, in addition to department managers and their assistants. The total number of the study subjects is 3 designated communication companies in Jordan; these are: Zain, Umniah, and Orange. To achieve the aim of the study, the researcher had prepared a questionnaire which comprises of 45 items covering the three factors of the independent variable (Information Technology): infrastructure, developmental environment, and executive support systems and applications, as well as the three factors of the dependent variable (Transformation of Businesses): operations, organization change, and workers' competence. In order to test the hypotheses, the following three criteria were adequately used: The Medians, the Standard Deviations, as well as the Regression Analysis. The study has reached a number of results; the most notable amongst these results is that there is a positive effect that is statistically significant of information technology on the elements of business transformation in Jordanian communication companies and all of their relating elements.
The last decade of the twentieth century and the turn of twenty-first century witnessed significant progress in technology in general and information technology and communication in particular. Such progress still continues until today, accelerating with wide quick strides more than ever. This age has produced many mechanisms for manufacturing knowledge and more advanced technological means that have made the globe as a small village. Communication technology, which is represented by the internet, has played a huge rule in transferring information and technological revolution from the north to the south passing by the east and the west at the same time. All of that have had an impact on all political, economic, educational, teaching, social, media, and advertisement systems in all communities.
The term technology is derived from Greek. It consists of two parts, techno, which means skills or art, and logy, which means science or study. Thus, the word technology means the science of performance, science of implementation, or the technical methods to achieve a practical purpose, the science of industrial operation.
Empirical Study: Moroccan Information systems specificities for better IT Gov...INFOGAIN PUBLICATION
The spread of information systems (IS) use has become an essential criterion for judging today's overall development level of a country and its attractiveness for capital and investment. Many international rankings evaluate the performance of different countries at this level. And Morocco occupies a disappointing position compared to its potential. Paradoxically, Morocco is lagging behind, although in the telecom sector, it is ahead of many developing countries, Thus, in 2015, the index NRI (Networked Readiness Index), measuring the preparation of an economy to make effective use of new information technologies (IT) published by the World Economic Forum, ranks Morocco in the 87th place. Indeed, with the exception of large companies that have implemented a set of tools to automate the process, a large number of SMEs and SMIs are very late as far as IT use is concerned. It means that IS in Morocco is still unable to achieve business perspectives for benefits and processes optimization. The aim of this article is to understand the particularities of Moroccan IS to understand the week points to correct in order to govern well enterprise Information technologies.
World Building Information Modeling (BIM) Market is Expected to Garner $11.7 ...Allied Market Research
Building Information Modeling (BIM), is a digital representation of a construction project, which can be used by architects, engineers and other construction professionals. It helps in planning, designing, constructing, operating and maintaining the diverse physical infrastructure coupled with speedy data exchange among the involved entities.
Services have rapidly become a central topic of both concern and interest in research and business. Both the public and the private sector are facing increasing demand, cost, and quality challenges in their attempts to deliver services effectively and efficiently. The changing structure of the population, growing competition and mobility through globalisation, and new opportunities for services’ digitalisation are among the factors forcing us to re-knit the web of services needed for enabling a sustainable operation environment for companies, providing citizens with adequate conditions for good quality of life, and protecting our environment from overload caused by human activity.
This collection of highlights of VTT’s service research illustrates the versatility of service research. Service research has become a theme under which synthesis of traditionally separate research domains thrives. These range from industrial manufacturing to safety and security, from information and communication technologies to the building sector, and from media studies to public-sector innovations. Service research brings researchers from many disciplines together to discuss innovation, design, development, and adoption of services in diverse domains, enabled by emerging technological breakthroughs.
AN APPROACH FOR A BUSINESS-DRIVEN CLOUDCOMPLIANCE ANALYSIS COVERING PUBLIC SE...ijmpict
The need for process improvement is an important target that does affect as well the government processes.
Specifically in the public sector there are specific challenges to face .New technology approaches within
government processes such as cloud services are necessary to address these challenges. Following the
current discussion of „cloudification“of business processes all processes are considered similar in regards
to their usability within the cloud. The truth is, that neither all processes have the same usability for cloud
services not do they have the same importance for a specific company.
The most comprehensive process within a company is the corporate value chain. In this article one key
proposition is to use the corporate value chain as the fundamental structuring backbone for all business
process analysis and improvement activities. It is a pre-requisite to identify the core elements of the value
chain that are essential for the individual company’s business and the root cause for any company success.
In this paper we propose to use the company-specific value-creation for the “cloud-affinity” and the
“cloud-usability” of a business process in public sector considering the specific challenges of addressing
processes in cloud services. Therefor it is necessary to formalize the way the processes with its
interdependencies are documented in context of their company-specific value chain (as part of the various
deployment- and governance alternatives (e.g. security, compliance, quality, adaptability)). Moreover, it is
essential in the public sector to describe in detail the environmental / external restrictions of processes..
With the use of this proposed methodology it becomes relatively easy to identify cloud-suitable processes
within the public sector and thus optimize the public companies value generation tightly focused with the
use of this new technology.
The Impact of Information Technology on Business Transformation in the Operat...IJMIT JOURNAL
The study aims at measuring the effects of information technology on the transformation of businesses in communication companies in Jordan. The study population consisted of companies' directors as well as their deputies, assistants, advisors, in addition to department managers and their assistants. The total number of the study subjects is 3 designated communication companies in Jordan; these are: Zain, Umniah, and Orange. To achieve the aim of the study, the researcher had prepared a questionnaire which comprises of 45 items covering the three factors of the independent variable (Information Technology): infrastructure, developmental environment, and executive support systems and applications, as well as the three factors of the dependent variable (Transformation of Businesses): operations, organization change, and workers' competence. In order to test the hypotheses, the following three criteria were adequately used: The Medians, the Standard Deviations, as well as the Regression Analysis. The study has reached a number of results; the most notable amongst these results is that there is a positive effect that is statistically significant of information technology on the elements of business transformation in Jordanian communication companies and all of their relating elements.
The last decade of the twentieth century and the turn of twenty-first century witnessed significant progress in technology in general and information technology and communication in particular. Such progress still continues until today, accelerating with wide quick strides more than ever. This age has produced many mechanisms for manufacturing knowledge and more advanced technological means that have made the globe as a small village. Communication technology, which is represented by the internet, has played a huge rule in transferring information and technological revolution from the north to the south passing by the east and the west at the same time. All of that have had an impact on all political, economic, educational, teaching, social, media, and advertisement systems in all communities.
The term technology is derived from Greek. It consists of two parts, techno, which means skills or art, and logy, which means science or study. Thus, the word technology means the science of performance, science of implementation, or the technical methods to achieve a practical purpose, the science of industrial operation.
Empirical Study: Moroccan Information systems specificities for better IT Gov...INFOGAIN PUBLICATION
The spread of information systems (IS) use has become an essential criterion for judging today's overall development level of a country and its attractiveness for capital and investment. Many international rankings evaluate the performance of different countries at this level. And Morocco occupies a disappointing position compared to its potential. Paradoxically, Morocco is lagging behind, although in the telecom sector, it is ahead of many developing countries, Thus, in 2015, the index NRI (Networked Readiness Index), measuring the preparation of an economy to make effective use of new information technologies (IT) published by the World Economic Forum, ranks Morocco in the 87th place. Indeed, with the exception of large companies that have implemented a set of tools to automate the process, a large number of SMEs and SMIs are very late as far as IT use is concerned. It means that IS in Morocco is still unable to achieve business perspectives for benefits and processes optimization. The aim of this article is to understand the particularities of Moroccan IS to understand the week points to correct in order to govern well enterprise Information technologies.
World Building Information Modeling (BIM) Market is Expected to Garner $11.7 ...Allied Market Research
Building Information Modeling (BIM), is a digital representation of a construction project, which can be used by architects, engineers and other construction professionals. It helps in planning, designing, constructing, operating and maintaining the diverse physical infrastructure coupled with speedy data exchange among the involved entities.
Services have rapidly become a central topic of both concern and interest in research and business. Both the public and the private sector are facing increasing demand, cost, and quality challenges in their attempts to deliver services effectively and efficiently. The changing structure of the population, growing competition and mobility through globalisation, and new opportunities for services’ digitalisation are among the factors forcing us to re-knit the web of services needed for enabling a sustainable operation environment for companies, providing citizens with adequate conditions for good quality of life, and protecting our environment from overload caused by human activity.
This collection of highlights of VTT’s service research illustrates the versatility of service research. Service research has become a theme under which synthesis of traditionally separate research domains thrives. These range from industrial manufacturing to safety and security, from information and communication technologies to the building sector, and from media studies to public-sector innovations. Service research brings researchers from many disciplines together to discuss innovation, design, development, and adoption of services in diverse domains, enabled by emerging technological breakthroughs.
AN APPROACH FOR A BUSINESS-DRIVEN CLOUDCOMPLIANCE ANALYSIS COVERING PUBLIC SE...ijmpict
The need for process improvement is an important target that does affect as well the government processes.
Specifically in the public sector there are specific challenges to face .New technology approaches within
government processes such as cloud services are necessary to address these challenges. Following the
current discussion of „cloudification“of business processes all processes are considered similar in regards
to their usability within the cloud. The truth is, that neither all processes have the same usability for cloud
services not do they have the same importance for a specific company.
The most comprehensive process within a company is the corporate value chain. In this article one key
proposition is to use the corporate value chain as the fundamental structuring backbone for all business
process analysis and improvement activities. It is a pre-requisite to identify the core elements of the value
chain that are essential for the individual company’s business and the root cause for any company success.
In this paper we propose to use the company-specific value-creation for the “cloud-affinity” and the
“cloud-usability” of a business process in public sector considering the specific challenges of addressing
processes in cloud services. Therefor it is necessary to formalize the way the processes with its
interdependencies are documented in context of their company-specific value chain (as part of the various
deployment- and governance alternatives (e.g. security, compliance, quality, adaptability)). Moreover, it is
essential in the public sector to describe in detail the environmental / external restrictions of processes..
With the use of this proposed methodology it becomes relatively easy to identify cloud-suitable processes
within the public sector and thus optimize the public companies value generation tightly focused with the
use of this new technology.
ICC has set out five recommendations to modernize the regulatory and competition framework that would provide protection for consumers while fostering competition, investment and innovation.
To Assess the Main Drawbacks of Advanced Technology for the Accounting SphereFinancialMarketCorpo
Every accountant knows that accounting is a business language and that language has undergone many
changes over the years. Dissemination in the use of information technology and the production of applications has
contributed to intense shifts in accounting firms’ Procedures as of the 1990s. From the view of accounting experts,
the influence of these advances has not been adequately analysed. The general purpose of this study was therefore to determine the effect of technological progress on the accounting sphere in Namibia. A descriptive survey
design was used to in this study, to establish whether there exists any relationship between advanced technology
and Accounting today. The results indicate that the accelerated speed of technological progress tends to challenge
conventional processes in all fields, including the accounting profession. The study also revealed that businesses
have not only embraced the revolution of advanced technology, but have also started to adopt emerging innovations in the form of accounting software, mobility and the creation of social media platforms. With a figure of
less than 50% IT-enabled use, it is obvious that accounting students and accountants do not know how to run
accounting information systems, while companies continually rely on technological advancements to conduct their
tasks.
Every accountant knows that accounting is a business language and that language has undergone many changes over the years. Dissemination in the use of information technology and the production of applications has
contributed to intense shifts in accounting firms’ Procedures as of the 1990s. From the view of accounting experts, the influence of these advances has not been adequately analysed. The general purpose of this study was therefore to determine the effect of technological progress on the accounting sphere in Namibia. A descriptive survey design was used to in this study, to establish whether there exists any relationship between advanced technology and Accounting today. The results indicate that the accelerated speed of technological progress tends to challenge conventional processes in all fields, including the accounting profession. The study also revealed that businesses
have not only embraced the revolution of advanced technology, but have also started to adopt emerging innovations in the form of accounting software, mobility and the creation of social media platforms. With a figure of
less than 50% IT-enabled use, it is obvious that accounting students and accountants do not know how to run accounting information systems, while companies continually rely on technological advancements to conduct their
tasks.
To Assess the Main Drawbacks of Advanced Technology for the Accounting SphereBIJFMCF Journal
Every accountant knows that accounting is a business language and that language has undergone many changes over the years. Dissemination in the use of information technology and the production of applications has contributed to intense shifts in accounting firms’ Procedures as of the 1990s. From the view of accounting experts, the influence of these advances has not been adequately analysed. The general purpose of this study was therefore to determine the effect of technological progress on the accounting sphere in Namibia. A descriptive survey design was used to in this study, to establish whether there exists any relationship between advanced technology and Accounting today. The results indicate that the accelerated speed of technological progress tends to challenge conventional processes in all fields, including the accounting profession. The study also revealed that businesses have not only embraced the revolution of advanced technology, but have also started to adopt emerging innovations in the form of accounting software, mobility and the creation of social media platforms. With a figure of less than 50% IT-enabled use, it is obvious that accounting students and accountants do not know how to run accounting information systems, while companies continually rely on technological advancements to conduct their tasks.
Big data represents one of the most profound and most pervasive evolutions in the digital world. Examples of big data come from Internet of Things (IoT) devices, as well as smart cars, but also the use of social networks, industries, and so on. The sources of data are numerous and continuously increasing, and, therefore, what characterizes big data is not only the volume but also the complexity due to the heterogeneity of information that can be obtained. The fastest growth in spending on big data technologies is happening within banking, healthcare, insurance, securities and investment services, and telecommunications. Remarkably, three of those industries lie within the financial sector, which has many particularly serviceable use cases for big data analytics, such as fraud detection, risk management, and customer service optimization. In fact, the definition of big data analysis refers to the process that encompasses the gathering and analysis of big data to obtain useful information for the business. This paper focuses on delivering a short review concerning the current technologies, future perspectives, and the evaluation of some use cased associated with the analysis of big data.
This paper had as approach a study about the use of IT resources in three different small, medium and large transport companies of the city of Pau dos Ferros - RN. The collected data allowed the knowledge of the main technological resources used in the internal structure of each company and their influence on the internal decision-making processes. When analyzing the resources used by the organizations, a certain similarity was identified in the types and a difference in the Information Systems used. The enterprises,named here as A, B and C, use thesoftwares SYSPDV, SoftCom and CissPoder, respectively. It was also identified that the small enterprise A does not use all the functionalities of the Information System employed, while the large enterprises B and C explore all the capacities of the IS in the company internal structure.
Monthly Talk points:
How to indicate digital transformations are happening?
Impact of Digital Transformation on traditional project mgmt.
Aligning project mgmt. principles with Digital Transformation initiatives to drive change
Planning for Digital transformation projects
Recommendations for DT adoptions and adaptations
In the Adani-Hindenburg case, what is SEBI investigating.pptxAdani case
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Discover the innovative and creative projects that highlight my journey throu...dylandmeas
Discover the innovative and creative projects that highlight my journey through Full Sail University. Below, you’ll find a collection of my work showcasing my skills and expertise in digital marketing, event planning, and media production.
Event Report - SAP Sapphire 2024 Orlando - lots of innovation and old challengesHolger Mueller
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Cracking the Workplace Discipline Code Main.pptxWorkforce Group
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Forward-thinking leaders and business managers understand the impact that discipline has on organisational success. A disciplined workforce operates with clarity, focus, and a shared understanding of expectations, ultimately driving better results, optimising productivity, and facilitating seamless collaboration.
Although discipline is not a one-size-fits-all approach, it can help create a work environment that encourages personal growth and accountability rather than solely relying on punitive measures.
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• Four (4) workplace discipline methods you should consider
• The best and most practical approach to implementing workplace discipline.
• Three (3) key tips to maintain a disciplined workplace.
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Putting the SPARK into Virtual Training.pptxCynthia Clay
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An introduction to the cryptocurrency investment platform Binance Savings.Any kyc Account
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Agency Managed Advisory Board As a Solution To Career Path Defining Business ...
Introduction
1. Introduction:
Now we are living in the age of modern and technological era. Technology and Project
Management are closely related. Otherwise understanding and enhancing the value of
technologies is essential for supporting distributed project. On the other hand, project
management has been considered as an academic field for planning, organizing, controlling
to producing products with predictable cost , time and quality and in other applications of
engineering requirements. A conceptual relationship between project management and
technology can play a vital role in addressing many problems among the participating
companies. In the past few years, many researchers were interested in E-collaboration
between the teams in a company or among the relevant companies. Also, it is often the case
that the topics‟ within the purview has become quite broad to allow the various
interpretations what portray scholarly investigations. But collaborative projects are complex
and are difficult to handle ,therefore the effective management of the distributed processes
and knowledge is essential to enhancing the electronic collaboration and finally, it is critical
to enhancing the group productivity[1]. On the other hand “project management can be used
as a tool to maximize the success of projects and ultimately the success of construction
companies” [2]. Effective project management is key for the successful accomplishment of
complex projects[3, 4]. Furthermore project management has evolved to plan, coordinate and
control the complex and diverse activities of modern industrial, commercial and management
change and IT projects, also all projects share one common characteristic – the protection of
ideas and activities into new endeavors. Besides Project management has received wider
researcher interest in the last decade[5]. As this field is expanding fast, needs for an internal
discussion about project management research increases.
Now we will discuss more about the topic name “the relationship between technology and
project management” .
Dynamics of project management
Project management is becoming more focused on the implementation of organizational
strategy [13]. Project management is „„the application of knowledge, skills, tools, and
techniques to project activities to meet project requirements”[14]. It helps organizations [2]
develop new products by standardizing and reducing forgotten tasks [14]. Project
management, as defined by the bodies of knowledge, is focused mostly on a „„management-
Page | 1
2. as-planning” view of control and appears to be an appropriate approach for projects with
clear goals and methods [15]. According to Shenhar, project management has become very
useful and important to industrial organization, for instance, in building construction, defense
development and commercial product[16]. Project management defined as „„The manner of
implementation, of expertise, paraphernalia, knowledge and modus operandi to an extensive
range of activities for the fulfillment of prerequisite of the specific project” [17]. Cammarano
says, “evoke that project management is fundamental for lucrative and incessant
enhancement of programs and obviously it is a stipulation not a lavishness” [18]. For several
centuries, collaboration in different projects has been important for better life [19]. Making
pyramids, detecting the new world , crowding the countries with federated troopers; the
history books are full of singular, complex undertakings limited in time and scope[20]. For
realize to filed project management, it is better at first, know about how it has changed again
time. Like another professional field, project management osculate several challenges as the
tools of, methods of, and approaches to management that contain the discipline are applied to
different areas, for different ends, in different cultures[21]. Some important theoretical work
about project management had been done before the Second World War [19]. In 1910,
Frederick W. Taylor‟s “disciple” Henry L. Gantt assembled a new chart, that is Gantt-chart,
and in 1931 the Polish scientist 1950´s, network analysis and planning techniques were in
central of improvement in project management like PERT and CPM [19].The extraction of
the project management is in managing US department of defense contracts being first
documented during the 1950s and 1960 [22]. During the 1960´s the Cost/Scheduling Control
System Criteria (C/SCSC) was interested by the defense and aerospace industries [23].
During the 1970´s there existed Proceedings of the 2010 International Conference on
Industrial Engineering and Operations Management Dhaka, Bangladesh, January 9 – 10,
2010 punctuation on breakdown structures and systems concepts [24]. During the 1980´s, the
need for structuring the project management knowledge of researchers and practitioners
became clear [20].
Technology
Technology Adaptation occurs when people learn how to use the technological tools
available to achieve their communication goals. It involves single-loop learning, in which
group members adjust their procedures according to changes in the environment. The more
flexible the technology, the more easy the team members will adapt to. In the past few
decades there has been a revolution in computing and communications, andall indications are
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3. that technological progress and use of information technology will continueat a rapid pace.
Accompanying and supporting the dramatic increases in the power and useof new
information technologies has been the declining cost of communications as a result ofboth
technological improvements and increased competition. According to Moore's law
theprocessing power of microchips is doubling every 18 months. These advances present
manysignicant opportunities but also pose major challenges. Today, innovations in informatio
technology are having wide-ranging eects across numerous domains of society, and
policymakers are acting on issues involving economic productivity, intellectual property
rights, privacy protection, and a or ability of and access to information. Choices made now
will have long-lasting consequences, and attention must be paid to their social and economic
impacts. One of the most sign cant outcomes of the progress of information technology is
probably electronic commerce over the Internet, a new way of conducting business. Though
only a few years old, it may radically alter economic activities and the social environment.
Already, it a acts such large sectors as communications, nance and retail trade and might
expand to areas such as education and health services. It implies the seamless application of
information and communication technology along the entire value chain of a business that is
conducted electronically. The following sections will focus on the impacts of information
technology and electronic commerce on business models, commerce, market structure,
workplace, labour market, educa-tion, private life and society as a whole. Business Models,
Commerce and Market Structure One important way in which information technology is a
ecting work is by reducing the im-portance of distance. In many industries, geographic
distribution of work is changing significantly. so that critical projects can be worked on
nearly around the clock. Firms can outsource their manufacturing to other nations and rely on
telecommunications to keep marketing, R&D, and distribution teams in close contact with the
manufacturing groups. Thus the technology can enable a ner division of labour among
countries, which in turn aects the relative demand for various skills in each nation. The
technology enables various types of work and employment to be decoupled from one another.
Firms have greater freedom to locate their economic activ-ities, creating greater competition
among regions in infrastructure, labour, capital, and other resource markets. It also opens the
door for regulatory arbitrage : rms can increasingly choose which tax authority and other
regulations apply. Computers and communication technologies also promote more market-
like forms of produc-tion and distribution. An infrastructure of computing and
communication technology, providing 24-hour access at low cost to almost any kind of price
and product information desired by buy-ers, will reduce the informational barriers to e cient
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4. market operation. This infrastructure might also provide the means for e
ecting real-time transactions and make intermediaries such as sales clerks, stock brokers and
travel agents, whose function is to provide an essential infor-mation link between buyers and
sellers, redundant. Removal of intermediaries would reduce the costs in the production and
distribution value chain. The information technologies have facilitated the evolution of
enhanced mail order retailing, in which goods can be ordered quickly by using telephones or
computer networks and then dispatched by suppliers through integrated transport companies
that rely extensively on computers and communication technologies to control their
operations. Nonphysical goods, such as software, can be shipped electronically, eliminating
the entire transport channel. Payments can be done in new ways. The result is dis-
intermediation throughout the distribution channel, with cost reduction, lower end-consumer
prices, and higher pro t margins. The impact of information technology on the rms' cost
structure can be best illustrated on the electronic commerce example. The key areas of cost
reduction when carrying out a sale via electronic commerce rather than in a traditional store
involve physical establishment, order placement and execution, customer support, sta ng,
inventory carrying, and distribution. Al-though setting up and maintaining an e-commerce
web site might be expensive, it is certainly less expensive to maintain such a storefront than a
physical one because it is always open, can be accessed by millions around the globe, and has
few variable costs, so that it can scale up to meet the demand. By maintaining one 'store'
instead of several, duplicate inventory costs are eliminated. In addition, e-commerce is very e
ective at reducing the costs of attracting new customers, because advertising is typically
cheaper than for other media and more targeted. Moreover, the electronic interface allows e-
commerce merchants to check that an order is inter-nally consistent and that the order,
receipt, and invoice match. Through e-commerce, rms are able to move much of their
customer support on line so that customers can access databases or manuals directly. This
signi cantly cuts costs while generally improving the quality of service. E-commerce shops
require far fewer, but high-skilled, employees. E-commerce also permits savings in inventory
carrying costs. The faster the input can be ordered and delivered, the less the need for a large
inventory. The impact on costs associated with decreased inventories is most pronounced in
industries where the product has a limited shelf life (e.g. bananas), is subject to fast
technological obsolescence or price declines (e.g. computers
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5. Conclusion
The fields of technology and project management have a promising future, in terms of both
academic research and commercial software development. As an area of academic research,
technology has flourished since 1980s and particularly in 1990s. As an area of commercial
software development, technology is likely to benefit from a critical assessment of how it can
be applied to the benefit of individuals, organizations and society. The ongoing computing
and communications revolution has numerous economic and social impacts on modern
society and requires serious social science investigation in order to manage its risks and
dangers. Such work would be valuable for both social policy and technology design.
Decisions have to be taken carefully. Many choices being made now will be costly or
difficult to modify in the future. Finally, after observing the above things we can say that,
technology is playing a vital role on project management. Because project management can‟t
move without technology for maximum time. So it is said that project management is closely
related to the technology.
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