Introduction

CONTENT
1. Introduction 3
2. City 4-6
3. Investigation & Data Collection:
Ancientand old city/town 7-8
The Presentcity/town 9-10
The Future and Better Township 11-14
6. The X-city 15
7. Firgo 16-24
8. Conclusion 25
9. Reference 26

Introduction
1. PROJECT:
This is our final project of ENBE in semester one . The individual part of this project , which is part A , is to
investigate and understand the content related to “city” and “the build environment” plus to propose a better future
city .
2. CITY
For the demographic definition , City define by four characteristic which is
1. Permanence
2. Large population size
3. High population density
4. Social heterogeneity
 How a city can be count as liveable or sustainable?
A sustainable city should have the following component :
1. social space;
2. talent attraction and retention as well as economic dynamism; and,
3. the overall amenability of local governments to the development of a progressive economy.
4. protection of the environment;
5. maintenance of a diverse economy;
6. provision of accessibility through land use;
7. delivery of services for residents and businesses;
8. housing choices;

9. balanced city budget;
3) URBAN PLANNING
Urban planning is a techinic that to control the uses of land, create the urban environment including
communication , transportation and network which will not effect of polluted the nature environment.
Importance of urban planning
Protection of environment :
to maintain the natural resource avalible in
urban area , minimize the pollution of
human activities.
Health population :
make the urban area more conductive for human occupation
Sustainable infrastructure :
transportation planning to avoid traffic jam develop a suitable infrastructure can serve the
population of the city.
The specialization of urban planning
1. Community Development
2. Land Use & Code Enforcement
3. Transportation Planning
4. Environmental/Natural Resources Planning
5. Economic Development
6. Urban Design

7. Planning Management/Finance
8. Housing
9. Parks & Recreation
10. Historic Preservation
11. Community Activism/Empowerment
City on land next to river
It sounds gorgeous live near to a watercourse , however, there are a few of responsibility to protect the river
/ watercourse :
1. Responsibility to pass on flow without obstruction, pollution or diversion affecting the rights of
others.
2. Accept flood flows through their land, even if caused by inadequate capacity downstream. There is
no common law for a landowner to improve the drainage capacity of a watercourse
3. Maintain the bed and banks of the watercourse (including trees and shrubs growing on the banks)
and for clearing any debris, natural or otherwise, including litter and animal carcasses, even if it did
not originate from their land.
4. Must not cause any obstructions either temporary or permanent that would prevent the free passage
of fish.
5. Responsible for keeping the bed and banks clear from any matter that could cause an obstruction
either on their land or by being washed away by high flow to cause an obstruction at a structure
downstream. Rivers and their banks should not be used for the disposal of any form of garden or
other waste.

6. Must keep any structures clear of debris. These structures include culverts, trash screens, weirs and
mill gates.
7. The responsibility for protecting the property from seepage through natural or man-made banks.
Where such seepage threatens the structural integrity of a flood defence it may become the concern
of the Environment Agency.

INVESTIGATION AND DATA COLLECTION :
(A) ANCIENT CITY
PING YAO-CHINA:
Ping Yao City is located at the end of the alluvial fan resulting from the confluence of the Hui Ji and Liu Gen rivers.
The area enclosed is 2.25 km2 , comprising six
large temple complexes, administrative offices
for county and municipal administrations, and
other public buildings as well as office
buildings.
The Ancient City of Ping Yao is a complete building
complex including ancient walls, streets and lanes, shops,
dwellings and temples. Nearly 4,000 existing shops and
traditional dwellings in the town which are grand in form
and exquisite in ornament bear witness to Ping Yao’s
economic prosperity over a century.
Pingyao occupies an important place in the financial
history of modern China. It was the location of the Shanxi
Commerce and Rishengchang Piaohao, a kind of banking firm dealing mainly in the transfer of money. The now-
defunct firm is considered to be the predecessor of modern banks in China. During the Ming and Qing dynasties,
along with the development of economy and commerce, several large commercial firms of Shanxi Province opened
branches outside the province, thus establishing a trans-regional business network. The circulation of commodities and
the transfer of money gave rise to the piaohao.

City wall
The city wall of Ping Yao is about 12 metres
high ,and with a circumference of 6,163
meters. It was built since 1370. In fact Ping
Yao’s city wall the best-preserved ancient
city wall in China. Because of the 12 metre
high of the wall, producing a rather
splendid appearance. In the downtown, with
the County Administrative Building as its
center, four major streets, eight small streets
and 72 lanes form a large pattern of the
Eight Diagrams.
Major constructions are distributed in an
orderly fashion left and right, with the Temple of the Town God in the left part of the city corresponding to the
county governmental office in the right, the Confucian Temple in the left corresponding to the Guandi Temple
worshipping Guan Yu in the right, and the Qingxu Taoist Temple in the left corresponding to Buddhist Temple in the
right.

(B) PRESENT CITY
SHANG HAI-CHINA:
Shang-hai is one of the metropolis of the fatest economic
growths nowadays . It is located bisected by the Huangpu
River namely the Puxi and Pudong areas . Puxi is the west
side of the river : Pudong is the east side of the river .
Hong Qiao international airport is located at Puxi and the
the new financial district and Pudong Airport .
The population of this busy city Is about 1000,000
people more than had been projected by local authorities.
Decentralized Employment:
To avoid unemployment rate increase , developed a
decentralized employment base, despite having one of the
world's largest central
business districts, with 1.25 million jobs.
Shanghai's Urban Expansion:
Shanghai continues to expand in virtually every direction. It is likely that Shanghai's urbanization will mean that of
Kunshan, an urban area of nearly 1.5 million people located in the Suzhou Prefecture of Jiangsu.
Shanghai Geographical Features:
Most parts of the Shanghai area are flat and belong to the alluvial plain of the Yangtze River delta except for a few
hills lying in the southwest corner.

Water Resources:
Shanghai area is known for its rich water resources, because dotted with many rivers and lakes . The ice-free Huangpu
River is the main waterway in the Shanghai area.
Culture:
Shanghai Culture is original from Traditional Chinese Culture and
melted with the Wu and Yue Dynasty Culture, and with a deep
affected by Western Culture. Shanghai created a new regional
culture, with its unique characteristic, we call it Shanghai Regional
Culture . The basic characteristic of this culture are more opening,
creative and diversity.
Central Shanghai
There two area of central Shanghai which is Pudong (east of the Huangpu River) and Puxi (west of the
Huangpu river).Pudong is the zoning of special economic zone of banks, skyscrapers and new residential
compounds. The bunds lies on the historic Puxi side of the Huangpu River and looks across to the new
skyline of Pudong business district. West of the old town and hidden in the backstreets north and south of
Huaihai Road (Shanghai's premier shopping street) is the Former French Concession , with tree-lined streets,
1930s architecture, cafes and bars.
(C) FUTURE CITY:
In future, our city may become over population, pollution , too many cars . There are some future city
concept which tried to overcome this problem .
1. Car –Free city in China

Nowadays, China is facing some of the worst pollution problem. China is working with Adrian Smith + Gordon Gill
Architecture to create the Great City complex in Chengdu. - is creating a totally car-free city from scratch, building a
new urban center around a high-rise core housing 80,000 people. Great City, planned for a rural area outside
Chengdu, will be entirely walkable and surrounded by green space. Getting from the center to the outer ring of parks
on foot takes just ten minutes. Other nearby urban centers will be accessible via mass transit. The city will use 48%
less energy and 58% less water than a more conventional city of the same size, and will produce 89% less landfill
waste.
2. Masdar, World’s First Zero-Carbon City
The world’s most sustainable metropolis – with no cars or skyscrapers allowed – is currently under
construction in the desert outside Abu Dhabi. Masdar, the world’s first zero-carbon, zero waste city, will
feature a public rapid transit system in place of personal automobiles, and will be fueled by solar, wind and
geothermal power. Giant ‘sunflower
umbrellas’ designed for the city
center will provide movable shade
during the day, store heat, and then
close and release heat
at night.
A
n
d

the transportation of the city will be the solar-powered programmable vehicle that have six seats and keep
streets congestion free. The latest development to spring from the city’s upwelling of green tech is a futuristic
transit system that will serve the city’s six square kilometres. Masdar‘s ultra-efficient city plan makes no
allowances for fossil fuel vehicles, favoring a new breed of mass transit – a personal rapid transit system.
“You program what station you want to go to, and [the vehicle] will directly take you to that station . . . If
you look at things like Blade Runner, etc., that we had 15 years ago, it’s really bringing that to the fore now,”
says Scott McGuigan of CH2M Hill, the construction firm that’s building Masdar City
3. Shan-Shui City
‘Shan-shui city’ means that the city of mountains and water. This project will be built in guiyang.The
design concept of this city is the ancient times of the mountain-water worship, followed by wu zixu’s idea
(5th century BC) of locating cities by observing the earth and examining the water, and the emperors’
locating cities on the strategic place of the surrounding natural environment for defense.
Shan-shui city is one of the unique spatial planning concepts in the china’s history, with implications on urban
sustainability. it combines the urban construction and the natural environment which is mainly composed of the
mountains (shan) and the water (shui). the tight integration of architecture-landscape-city is the core of the traditional
chinese city design theory and methodology.

This is one of our latest projects; located in guiyang. it again has mountains, water, though artificially made, but
giving people a feeling of a layered environment. it is a new town, a new CBD, with new high-rises, even new twin
towers, for the client likes the twin towers in kuala lumpur, so he has to have it.
“we think this kind of CBD has nothing to do with
humanity, it has no public space for people, without
bridges, platforms or waters, without spaces people
can see each other and can gather around. my idea
is to insert communication spots based on the
landscape and weave together these individual parts,
architectureand nature in this large-scale mixed-use building. whatever it is,
people hesitate to adopt this networking system in the large buildings, they hate
large buildings, for they think this kind of buildings are not humane and
represent only some authorities, but in terms of sharing, openness and density,

the city is the better choice and high-density is unavoidable, it is here that my
thinking brings us to this idea of the ‘shan-shui city’.” - Ma Yansong
THE X-CITY
X-City is facing a lot of problems that it no longer liveable such as over population, global warming, limited fresh
water, lack of natural source and so on.
 Overpopulation:
In past, “X”city used to be a city that is full of natural resource, many open space for nature, non-polluted natural
elements .However , because of the high population , pollution problems are getting serious , price increase of
food,many people dead because of the drought.
 Agricultture
The development of city is decreasing the open space of nature. Beside, the air pollution is causing the acid
rain . The soil is acidic , and there is left a little farmable land. The only food resource is import from other
country because the city does not produce enough food to meet the demand of its people.Therefore, there is
high cost living because of the price increase of food.
 Social:
There are different races in “x” city . The main races of the city is Chinese, Malay and Indian. Beside , there
are different culture and religion of each race .

 Transportation and networking
Extreme traffic problem inside the city. The growth of car sales is higher than the city’s population growth of
about 1.5% every year. Imagine over 600,000 cars added to existing roads every year. But the public
transportation system has not been able to catch up with development.
FIRGO
Firgo is an city city that located on land next to a river and surrounded by rainforest. Human need tree to survive,
because of the air . Thus, a city on land next to river which is surrounded by forest is the best choice for the people
from “X”-city because it can provide a green space and good air condition.
Pros :
 Abundant sunlight
 Nutrition soil near the river which is farmable .
 Fresh water resource from the river
 The air and weather condition is good because the city surrounded by forest
 Can use renewable energy as the electrical resource such as solar energy and hydroelectricity.
 By using the renewable energy, the ecosystem will not be disturb because there is no pollution .
Cons:
 The flood will occur while the raining season , because the water level is increase.
 Lost easily while need to go out from the city because it is surrounded by forest.
DESIGN CONCEPT
The design concept of FIRGO is the sustainability of city . The sustainable development of city is more
consider to the use of renewable energy resources and sustainable agriculture or forestry practices because to
a preserve the environment . A lot of green space is provided inside the city to maintain the quality of air.

Pattern of the city
The surrounding shape of the city is combination of irregular circle and the centre of the city is scalene
triangle. There are five irregular circle and combined to become five main region.
Reason
Firgo is made up by irregular circle and scalene triangle because of a few reasons :
1. Compare with others shape, circle is provide the most spaces to develop a city.To develop a sustainable
city, must have a wide land .
2. The irregular of circle is because to adopt the environment (forest and river).
3. The centre of the city is in scalene triangle shape is because of the combined of the five main region,
this shape is occupy the most spaces to develop.
Shape of city

SECTION VIEW OF CITY
PERSPECTIF VIEW OF CITY

STRUCTURE
the centre of city is surround by the five main region, and the whole city is surround by forest. The upper left of the
city is facing the river. The city is located at the lower reaches of riverside . The land of city which is near by the
river the flood control structures are designed to protect known flood hazard areas up to a certain limit.
Zoning
The city have five main region which is the commercial and business area, agriculture area, industrial area,
education area, residential area ,services area and government building. The centre of the city will be the
energy generation area.
Commercial and Business area

The jetty is on the upper side of this area .The hotel is in the between of the commercial building is to
provide the convenient to traveller , beside, it also provide the good economy revenue.
Agriculture area
The farming area is using the technic of ripple effect to cultivate crops. It looks like ladder because to
saving the use of land .
Industrial area
It is surrounded by trees to minimize the sound pollution to the environment. It is opposite the agriculture
area because it will decrease the time transport of crops to the industry, and it is benefit to the product that
made by fresh crops.
Education area and residential area
Education building is opposite the residential area is to provide the convenient to the student .
Services area
The services area are including the hospital, fitness centre . It is next to the region of residential area and
government building.
Government building
The assessment to the government building will be secure by the army.
Power station and water filtering
It is located in centre of the city because the electrical energy and water will be transport to the main region.

PLAN VIEW OF CITY
UNDERGROUND CITY
PLAN

Underground of the city
The underground of city contain the subway ,electric and water store station and waste management .
Transportation
There are two kind of public transport in city, which is bicycle and personal pod transport. Both of it are
eco-friendly which will no produce carbon. The personal pod transport in underground and the bicycle lane
is on the ground
PERSONAL POD TRANSPORT:
The vehicles are set to run beneath the city
like a subway minus the tracks, creating an
aboveground infrastructure that is
pedestrian-friendly and free from gridlock.
Ease and efficiency are key features, since the
programmable cars can take you anywhere
you need to go, and energy won’t be
expended running multiple railways on off-
peak hours. Roughly 1,500 stations are
planned, and no point in the city will be
more than 200 meters from the system.

The lane of personal pod transport , electrical and water transfer lane.(underground)
Bicycle lane (on ground)

Energy resource
The energy resource of the city is wind and solar. It is renewable and it will not polluted the environment . The energy
will be collected by the windmill and the solar building , then transfer to the power store station which is in
underground . Each region will have the storage of the energy. But the size of the store station are different because
the different size of the region. When the energy is collected, the energy will be transfer to the store station directly.
Water ,after filter, the water will transfer to the store station.
Waste management
Each region will have the storage of the waste water and waste. The waste water will filtering apparatus inside the
storage and reuse again .On the other hand, the waste will decompose inside the storage by using the bio-chemical.
After decompose, it will become the fertilizer to benefit the farming.

Conclusion:
The environment issue is most important. Human cannot living without trees . In past, people more to the functional
development , but nowadays the environment issue should be the first consideration of the sustainable city. In past,
the development is more to the functional development , but nowadays, people start to realise the important of
nature’s space within the functional development.
References :
1. http://crcresearch.org/case-studies/case-studies-sustainable-infrastructure/land-use-planning/what-makes-a-
city-liveable

2. http://elouanmcguir1127.over-blog.com/pages/importance-of-urban-planning-7753398.html
3. http://www.mcgill.ca/urbanplanning/planning
4. https://www.floodsmart.gov/floodsmart/pages/flooding_flood_risks/dams.jsp
5. http://www.chinafocustravel.com/tours/travel_guide/291
6. http://history.cultural-china.com/en/52History8160.html
7. http://wideurbanworld.blogspot.com/2011/02/what-is-city-definitions-of-urban.html
8. http://www.shanghaihighlights.com/essential/
9. http://indulgd.com/car-free-city-plans-emerge-in-chinas-chengdu-great-city-project/
10. http://www.designboom.com/architecture/mad-architects-shan-shui-city-guiyang-china/

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