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Introduction to Rhetoric
This document provides an introduction to key rhetorical terms and elements, including: rhetoric, ethos, pathos, and logos. It defines rhetoric as the art of effective expression and persuasive language. Rhetoric requires understanding the distinction between what is communicated and how. The document also discusses Aristotle's rhetorical triangle of logos, ethos, and pathos as forms of proof or persuasion that appeal to logic, credibility, and emotion.
Introduction to Rhetoric
- 1. An introduction tokey terms and elements. Note Taking Guide Rhetoric
- 2. We study rhetoricbecause: it helps us to better appreciate appeals to our ethos, pathos, & logos. © 2013 IndieReader
- 3. it helpsus to become more effective persuasive speakers and writers. © Alex Cates
- 4. Rhetoric Defined Rhetoric(n) - the art of effective expression (speaking & writing) and the persuasive use of language (Burton, 2007) George Doyle/Stockbyte/Getty Images
- 5. Rhetoric requiresunderstanding a fundamental division between what is communicated through language and how this is communicated. (Burton, 2007) © 2010 Grip Limited
- 6. Aristotle statedthat an arguer must state a claim, or a proposition, and prove it. Click Aristotle to learn more. © Creative Commons
- 7. The Greekwords used to refer to the proofs are logos (logic), ethos (credibility), and pathos (emotion). The Rhetorical Triangle
- 8. Logos Logical proofappeals to people’s reason, understanding, and common sense. (Weida & Stolley, 2013)
- 9. Two maintypes of logos (logical proofs) are deduction and induction.
- 10. Includes facts, reasons and opinionsthat are based on reality. Example: iHome Cheerios © iHome Audio
- 11. Ethos The ethicalappeal is based on the character, credibility, or reliability of the writer. (Weida & Stolley, 2013)
- 12. Includes credible sources,accurate opposition, common ground between the writer and the audience. Example: Givenchy Macintosh © Givenchy Paris
- 13. Pathos Emotional appeal,appeals to the audience’s needs, values, and emotional sensibilities. (Weida & Stolley, 2013)
- 14. Includes personal accountsor interviews Only use an emotional appeal if it supports the claim of an argument. Example: UMDNJ BC SPCA © Copyright 2012 SGWMcGuggan
- 15. Karios The opportuneoccasion for speech. (Burton, 2007) ©1996-2013 Madison Metropolitan School District
- 16. Audience Rhetorical analysisalways takes into account how an audience shapes the composition of a text or responds to it. (Burton, 2007) © 2013 Entrepreneur Podcast Network
- 17. Decorum One's wordsand subject matter must aptly fit together, to kairos, the audience, and the speaker. (Burton, 2007) © 2013 Wikia, Inc
- 18. Practice Based on theeach add determine: Ethos, Pathos or Logos? What’s the Karios? Who’s the audience? What’s the decorum?
- 19. Scheme A schemeis any artful deviation from the typical arrangement of words in a sentence (Burton, 2007)
- 20. Words preservetheir literal meaning, but are placed in a significant arrangement of some kind.
- 21. Active Voice Ina sentence using active voice, the subject of the sentence performs the action expressed in the verb. (Toadvine, Brizee, & Angeli, 2011)
- 22. Passive Voice Ina sentence using passive voice, the subject is acted upon; he or she receives the action expressed by the verb. (Toadvine, Brizee, & Angeli, 2011)
- 23. Active Voice versusPassive Voice Active Voice- The boy hit the ball. Passive Voice- The ball was hit by the boy. © Copyright 2009-2013 real-world-physics-problems.com
- 24. Rhetoric uses ActiveVoice This makes the meaning clear for readers, and keeps the sentences from becoming too complicated. (Toadvine, Brizee, & Angeli, 2011)
- 25. Works Cited Burton,G. O. (2007, Feburary 26). Schemes and Tropes. Retrieved September 29, 2013, from Silva Rhetoricae: http://rhetoric.byu.edu/figures/Schemes%20and%20Tropes .htm Toadvine, A., Brizee, A., & Angeli, E. (2011, July 13). Active and Passive Voice. Retrieved September 29, 2013, from Purdue Online Writing Lab: https://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/539/1/ Weida, S., & Stolley, K. (2013, March 11). Using Rhetorical Strategies for Persuasion. Retrieved September 29, 2013, from Perdue Online Writing Lab: https://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/588/04/
Editor's Notes
- #7 According to Aristotle, rhetoric is "the ability, in each particular case, to see the available means of persuasion." He described three main forms of rhetoric: Ethos, Logos, and Pathos
- #11 When the mother reads the facts off the box she is appealing to reason.
- #13 The Mac presents himself as a reliable source and shows the faults in the PC’s argument making the PC an uncredible source.
- #14 Some say that there should be no appeals to emotion or attempts to arouse the emotions of the audience in an argument. The idea is that an argument should appeal only to reason.Emotional proofs (pathos) are appropriate in argument when the subject itself is emotional and when it creates strong feelings.
- #15 Some say that there should be no appeals to emotion or attempts to arouse the emotions of the audience in an argument. The idea is that an argument should appeal only to reason.Emotional proofs (pathos) are appropriate in argument when the subject itself is emotional and when it creates strong feelings.-The music and images appeal to pathos because of the emotional response of the audience.