2. INTRODUCTION
•GREAT STRIDES IN PUBLIC HEALTH HAVE TAKEN PLACE IN THE LAST
CENTURY
•THREE SPECIAL TIME PERIODS
•1850 – 1949
•1950 – 1999
•2000 – PRESENT DAY

3. BEFORE THE MID 1800S
•CONTRACTING DISEASE WAS EXPECTED AND ACCEPTED AS A NORMAL
PART OF LIFE
•RISE OF INDUSTRIALISM + UNSANITARY INDUSTRY = SPREAD OF DISEASE
•AGE OF REASON

4. THE AGE OF REASON, THE BEGINNING OF
CHANGE
•DEVELOPMENT OF BOARDS OF HEALTH
•EDWARD JENNER
•NATIONAL VACCINATION BOARD
•GENERAL BOARDS OF HEALTH
•EDWIN CHADWICK

5. JOHN SNOW

6. LEMUEL SHATTUCK

7. MORE 20TH CENTURY MILESTONES
•THE SALK VACCINE AND EPIDEMIOLOGY
•ADVANCEMENT IN OTHER ASPECTS OF
PUBLIC HEALTH
•THE PUBLIC’S ATTITUDES TOWARDS
PUBLIC HEALTH

8. PUBLIC HEALTH AS AN ENTERPRISE
•MANY HEALTH ISSUES FALL UNDER THE UMBRELLA
OF PUBLIC HEALTH
•TEN ESSENTIAL FUNCTIONS OF PUBLIC HEALTH INCLUDE:
1. INFORMING, EDUCATING AND EMPOWERING THE PUBLIC
2. DIAGNOSING AND INVESTIGATINGTHE COMMUNITY’S
HEALTH ISSUES AND HAZARDS
3. RESEARCHING NEW SOLUTIONS TO CURRENT HEALTH ISSUES

9. EXAMPLES OF INFORMING, EDUCATING, AND
EMPOWERING
•BUILDING KNOWLEDGE AND SHAPING ATTITUDES
•INFORMING, EDUCATING, AND PROMOTING AWARENESS
•MEDIA COMMUNICATION

10. DIAGNOSIS AND INVESTIGATION OF HEALTH
PROBLEMS AND HAZARDS

11. RESEARCH SOLUTIONS TO HEALTH ISSUES
•RESEARCH GOALS
•RESEARCH FUNDING

12. PERSONAL EXPERIENCE AS A CONSUMER OF
THE PUBLIC HEALTH ENTERPRISE

13. IDENTIFYING THE ENTERPRISE IN OUR LIVES
•MANY HEALTH ISSUES FALL UNDER THE UMBRELLA OF PUBLIC HEALTH
•TEN ESSENTIAL FUNCTIONS OF PUBLIC HEALTH INCLUDE:
1. INFORMING, EDUCATING AND EMPOWERING THE PUBLIC
2. DIAGNOSING AND INVESTIGATING THE COMMUNITY’S HEALTH ISSUES AND HAZARDS
3.RESEARCHING NEW SOLUTIONS TO CURRENT HEALTH ISSUES

14. THE ENTITIES OF THE PUBLIC HEALTH
ENTERPRISE
• Governmental public health agencies
• Private-sector locations
• Volunteer agencies
• Local health departments
• State health departments
• Federal health departments

15. “WITHOUT A COMPETENT WORKFORCE, A PUBLIC
HEALTH AGENCY IS AS USELESS AS A NEW
HOSPITAL WITH NO HEALTH CARE WORKERS.”
-GIBBIE, ET AL., P. 57, 2002

16. COMPETENCY
•EDUCATION
•TRANSPARENCY
•LEADERSHIP

17. IN CLOSING

18. REFERENCES
Carefirst. (N.D.). Blue rewards. Retrieved November 16, 2015, from
https://member.carefirst.com/individuals/health-wellness/staying-healthy/blue-rewards.page
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2014, March 1). The 10 essential public health services: an
overview. Retrieved November 16, 2015, from http://www.cdc.gov/nphpsp/documents/essential-
phs.pdf
Community Health Institute. (N.D.). Essential service 2 – diagnose and investigate. Retrieved November 16,
2015, from http://nhchi.org/public-health-resources/essential-service-2-diagnose-and-investigate/
Tilson, H., & Berkowitz, B. (2006). The public health enterprise: examining our twenty-first-century policy
challenges. Health Affairs, 25(4), 900-910. Doi:10.1377/hlthaff.25.4.900
Turnock, B. (2015). Essentials of public health (3rd ed., p. 8). Sudbury, MA: Jones & Bartlett Learning.
Turnock, B. (2015). Essentials of public health (3rd ed., p. 4). Sudbury, MA: Jones & Bartlett Learning.