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AN INCOMPLETE CRASH COURSE IN
DIGITAL PRESERVATION [IN 20 MIN]
WITH AN EMPHASIS ON THE TRAC CRITERIA & CHECKLIST
• CONTEXT
• HISTORIC CASES
• OVERVIEW OF TRAC CHECKLIST
• TOOLS
• PROJECTS OF NOTE
CONTEXT
STAKEHOLDERS




      LIBRARIES + ARCHIVES
      MUSEUMS + GALLERIES
      GOVERNMENTS
      SCIENCE & MEDICINE
      PRIVATE SECTOR
      INDIVIDUALS
CONTEXT
DONOR COMMUNITIES




       AUTHORS + WRITERS
       ARTISTS + COLLECTORS
       CORPORATE OFFICES
       SCIENTISTS + DOCTORS
CONTEXT
MATERIALS




       RARE BOOKS & MANUSCRIPTS
       FINE ART
       PERSONAL PAPERS
       FINANCIAL / LEGAL
       GEOSPATIAL / MAPS
       RESEARCH DATA
HISTORIC CASES
DOOMED
• 1986 DOMESDAY PROJECT
• 1999 HARDLY ANY SYSTEMS LEFT
• 1999 CAMILEON BEGINS WORK
• 2001 ADRIAN PEARCE BEGINS
• 2002 CAMILEON EMULATION
• 2003 BBC DIGITAL MASTERS
• 2004 PEARCE PUBLISHES DATA
• 2008 PEARCE DIES, SO DOES SITE
• PRESENT: HTTP://WWW.BBC.CO.UK/HISTORY/DOMESDAY
AFTER A LOT OF ££ AND EFFORT
TRAC CRITERIA & CHECKLIST
TRAC CRITERIA & CHECKLIST
      WHAT IS IT ?
A. ORGANIZATIONAL INFRASTRUCTURE
A.1 GOVERNANCE AND VIABILITY




    1. MISSION STATEMENT
    2. SUCCESSION / CONTINGENCY PLAN
A. ORGANIZATIONAL INFRASTRUCTURE
A.2 STRUCTURE AND STAFFING




    1. PROPER STAFF POSITIONS
    2. ENOUGH STAFF
    3. PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT
A. ORGANIZATIONAL INFRASTRUCTURE
A.3 PROCEDURAL ACCOUNTABILITY




    1. COMMUNITY IDENTIFIED
    2. MECHANISMS FOR REVIEW OF PROCEDURE
    3. WRITTEN LEGAL POLICY RE: PERMISSIONS
    4. PERIODIC TECH UPDATE
    5. USER FEEDBACK
    6. GENERAL TRANSPARENCY &
    ACCOUNTABILITY
A. ORGANIZATIONAL INFRASTRUCTURE
A.4 FINANCIAL SUSTAINABILITY




    1. SHORT & LONG TERM BUSINESS PLAN
    2. ANNUAL [AT LEAST] REVIEW OF PLAN
    3. TRANSPARENT & COMPLIANT FINANCIALS
A. ORGANIZATIONAL INFRASTRUCTURE
A.5 CONTRACTS, LICENSES, LIABILITIES




    1. DEPOSIT AGREEMENTS [INCLUDING
    PRESERVATION RIGHTS]
    2. TRACK AND MANAGE INTELLECTUAL
    PROPERTY
B. DIGITAL OBJECT MANAGEMENT
B.1 ACQUISITION AND INGEST




    1. IDENTIFY PROPERTIES TO PRESERVE
    2. SPECIFY METADATA REQUIRED AT INGEST
    3. ABLE TO AUTHENTICATE SOURCE
    4. SUFFICIENT PHYSICAL CONTROL
    5. APPROPRIATE FEEDBACK TO DEPOSITOR
    7. RECORD OF ALL PRESERVATION ACTIONS
B. DIGITAL OBJECT MANAGEMENT
B.2 CREATING AN ARCHIVABLE PACKAGE




    1. WRITTEN DEFINITION OF ALL AIP’S
    2. DOCUMENTATION OF SIP => AIP PROCESS
    3. NAMING CONVENTION FOR IDENTIFIERS
    4. REPRESENTATION / FORMAT INFORMATION
    5. DOCUMENTED PROCESS FOR ‘RENDER’
B. DIGITAL OBJECT MANAGEMENT
B.3 PRESERVATION PLANNING




    1. DOCUMENTED PRESERVATION STRATEGIES
    2. OBSOLESCENCE MONITORING MECHANISMS
    3. MEANS TO CHANGE 1 BASED ON 2
    4. EVIDENCE OF EFFECTIVENESS
B. DIGITAL OBJECT MANAGEMENT
B.4 ARCHIVAL STORAGE




    1. PRESERVE CONTENT INFORMATION
    2. ACTIVELY MONITOR FIXITY INFORMATION
B. DIGITAL OBJECT MANAGEMENT
B.5 INFORMATION MANAGEMENT




    1. SPECIFY MINIMUM METADATA
    REQUIREMENTS FOR DISCOVERABILITY
    2. MEET THIS REQUIREMENT
    3. DEMONSTRABLE REFERENTIAL INTEGRITY
B. DIGITAL OBJECT MANAGEMENT
B.6 ACCESS MANAGEMENT




    1. COMMUNICATE ACCESS OPTIONS
    2. POLICY FOR DOCUMENTATION OF ACCESS
    3. RESPECTFUL OF ACCESS AGREEMENTS
    4. DOCUMENTED ACCESS POLICIES
    5. LOG INAPPROPRIATE ACCESS
    6. DISSEMINATE COPIES OF ORIGINAL
    OBJECTS TRACEABLE TO THE ORIGINAL
C. TECHNOLOGY, INFRASTRUCTURE, SECURITY
C.1 SYSTEM INFRASTRUCTURE




    1. REPOSITORY RUNS ON WELL SUPPORTED
    SYSTEMS (I.E. LINUX/UNIX)
    2. ADEQUATE SUPPORT FOR BACKUP
    3. REPOSITORY MANAGES BACKUPS
    5. MECHANISMS TO DETECT, REPORT, AND ACT
    UPON CASES OF CORRUPTION
    6. HARD/SOFTWAREWARE UPGRADE
    PROCEDURE
    7. MEANS TO TEST SYSTEM CHANGES
C. TECHNOLOGY, INFRASTRUCTURE, SECURITY
C.2 APPROPRIATE TECHNOLOGIES




    1. HARDWARE / SOFTWARE APPROPRIATE TO
    DESIGNATED COMMUNITY & SERVICES
C. TECHNOLOGY, INFRASTRUCTURE, SECURITY
C.3 SECURITY




    1. SYSTEMATIC ANALYSIS OF DATA, PERSONNEL,
    PHYSICAL PLANT, AND SECURITY NEEDS.
    2. STAFF HAVE AUTHORIZATION RELEVANT TO
    ROLE WITHIN SYSTEM
    3. WRITTEN DISASTER PREPAREDNESS AND
    RECOVERY PLAN.
    4. OFFSITE BACKUPS. OFFSITE RECOVERY
    PLAN.
TOOLS
PRESERVATION PLANNING
SUSTAINABLE FORMATS




     1. DISCLOSURE
     2. ADOPTION
     3. TRANSPARENCY / SELF DOCUMENTATION
     4. EXTERNAL DEPENDENCIES
     5. PATENT ISSUES
     6. DRM
PRESERVATION PLANNING
SUSTAINABLE FORMATS




            IDENTIFICATION?
PRESERVATION PLANNING
SUSTAINABLE FORMATS




                             JHOVE
       UNIX FILE UTILITY               FITS

                           FIDO
                                     DROID
Evaluation of
               Characterisation Tools
                          Part 1: Identification



Authors
Johan van der Knijff, National Library of the Netherlands
Carl Wilson, British Library


September 2011
COOL PROJECTS
             - OR -
OK SO YOU’VE PRESERVED THIRTY
YEARS OF DISK IMAGES. NOW WHAT.
EMULATION
 [DEMO]
Digital Forensics
and Born-Digital Content
in Cultural Heritage
Collections

by Matthew G. Kirschenbaum
Richard Ovenden
Gabriela Redwine
with research assistance from Rachel Donahue



December 2010




Council on Library and Information Resources
Washington, D.C.
Statistical Tools for Digital Forensics

                                         Alin C. Popescu and Hany Farid ?

                                Department of Computer Science at Dartmouth College



      Abstract. A digitally altered photograph, often leaving no visual clues of having been tampered with, can
      be indistinguishable from an authentic photograph. As a result, photographs no longer hold the unique
      stature as a definitive recording of events. We describe several statistical techniques for detecting traces of
      digital tampering in the absence of any digital watermark or signature. In particular, we quantify statistical
      correlations that result from specific forms of digital tampering, and devise detection schemes to reveal these
      correlations.


1   Introduction

The advent of low-cost and high-resolution digital cameras, and sophisticated photo-editing software, has
made it remarkably easy to manipulate and alter digital images. In addition, digital forgeries, often leaving no
SOAA_SP10   23/5/06   3:33 PM     Page 159




                                         T   H E   A   M E R I C A N   A   R C H I V I S T




              “The Old Version Flickers More”:
              Digital Preservation from the
              User’s Perspective
              Margaret L. Hedstrom, Christopher A. Lee, Judith S. Olson,
              Clifford A. Lampe



              Abstract

              Most criteria for evaluating digital preservation strategies are based on needs and require-
              ments from the archivist’s perspective. In the CAMiLEON Project, we wanted to learn what
              significant properties users consider worth preserving. In this article, we present the results
              of two experiments that used human subjects to learn about user preferences for different
              formats of preserved digital objects. We tested subjects’ reactions to digital materials that were
A FEW PEOPLE TO FOLLOW
[INCOMPLETE LIST, BUT OH WELL]




                      @TEXTFILES   @MKIRSCHENBAUM
      @KARIKRAUS
                                   @ITPARCHIVE
                                   @AVPRESERVE
                                   @UMD_MITH
                                   @JUSPAR
                                   @JENGUILIANO
                                   @JONVOSS
                                   @EMORYDISC
                     @DOUGRESIDE   @READYRESOURCES
       @EUANC
                                   AND MANY MORE……

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Intro to Digital Preservation

  • 1. AN INCOMPLETE CRASH COURSE IN DIGITAL PRESERVATION [IN 20 MIN] WITH AN EMPHASIS ON THE TRAC CRITERIA & CHECKLIST
  • 2. • CONTEXT • HISTORIC CASES • OVERVIEW OF TRAC CHECKLIST • TOOLS • PROJECTS OF NOTE
  • 3. CONTEXT STAKEHOLDERS LIBRARIES + ARCHIVES MUSEUMS + GALLERIES GOVERNMENTS SCIENCE & MEDICINE PRIVATE SECTOR INDIVIDUALS
  • 4. CONTEXT DONOR COMMUNITIES AUTHORS + WRITERS ARTISTS + COLLECTORS CORPORATE OFFICES SCIENTISTS + DOCTORS
  • 5. CONTEXT MATERIALS RARE BOOKS & MANUSCRIPTS FINE ART PERSONAL PAPERS FINANCIAL / LEGAL GEOSPATIAL / MAPS RESEARCH DATA
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  • 11. • 1986 DOMESDAY PROJECT • 1999 HARDLY ANY SYSTEMS LEFT • 1999 CAMILEON BEGINS WORK • 2001 ADRIAN PEARCE BEGINS • 2002 CAMILEON EMULATION • 2003 BBC DIGITAL MASTERS • 2004 PEARCE PUBLISHES DATA • 2008 PEARCE DIES, SO DOES SITE • PRESENT: HTTP://WWW.BBC.CO.UK/HISTORY/DOMESDAY
  • 12. AFTER A LOT OF ££ AND EFFORT
  • 13. TRAC CRITERIA & CHECKLIST
  • 14. TRAC CRITERIA & CHECKLIST WHAT IS IT ?
  • 15. A. ORGANIZATIONAL INFRASTRUCTURE A.1 GOVERNANCE AND VIABILITY 1. MISSION STATEMENT 2. SUCCESSION / CONTINGENCY PLAN
  • 16. A. ORGANIZATIONAL INFRASTRUCTURE A.2 STRUCTURE AND STAFFING 1. PROPER STAFF POSITIONS 2. ENOUGH STAFF 3. PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT
  • 17. A. ORGANIZATIONAL INFRASTRUCTURE A.3 PROCEDURAL ACCOUNTABILITY 1. COMMUNITY IDENTIFIED 2. MECHANISMS FOR REVIEW OF PROCEDURE 3. WRITTEN LEGAL POLICY RE: PERMISSIONS 4. PERIODIC TECH UPDATE 5. USER FEEDBACK 6. GENERAL TRANSPARENCY & ACCOUNTABILITY
  • 18. A. ORGANIZATIONAL INFRASTRUCTURE A.4 FINANCIAL SUSTAINABILITY 1. SHORT & LONG TERM BUSINESS PLAN 2. ANNUAL [AT LEAST] REVIEW OF PLAN 3. TRANSPARENT & COMPLIANT FINANCIALS
  • 19. A. ORGANIZATIONAL INFRASTRUCTURE A.5 CONTRACTS, LICENSES, LIABILITIES 1. DEPOSIT AGREEMENTS [INCLUDING PRESERVATION RIGHTS] 2. TRACK AND MANAGE INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY
  • 20. B. DIGITAL OBJECT MANAGEMENT B.1 ACQUISITION AND INGEST 1. IDENTIFY PROPERTIES TO PRESERVE 2. SPECIFY METADATA REQUIRED AT INGEST 3. ABLE TO AUTHENTICATE SOURCE 4. SUFFICIENT PHYSICAL CONTROL 5. APPROPRIATE FEEDBACK TO DEPOSITOR 7. RECORD OF ALL PRESERVATION ACTIONS
  • 21. B. DIGITAL OBJECT MANAGEMENT B.2 CREATING AN ARCHIVABLE PACKAGE 1. WRITTEN DEFINITION OF ALL AIP’S 2. DOCUMENTATION OF SIP => AIP PROCESS 3. NAMING CONVENTION FOR IDENTIFIERS 4. REPRESENTATION / FORMAT INFORMATION 5. DOCUMENTED PROCESS FOR ‘RENDER’
  • 22. B. DIGITAL OBJECT MANAGEMENT B.3 PRESERVATION PLANNING 1. DOCUMENTED PRESERVATION STRATEGIES 2. OBSOLESCENCE MONITORING MECHANISMS 3. MEANS TO CHANGE 1 BASED ON 2 4. EVIDENCE OF EFFECTIVENESS
  • 23. B. DIGITAL OBJECT MANAGEMENT B.4 ARCHIVAL STORAGE 1. PRESERVE CONTENT INFORMATION 2. ACTIVELY MONITOR FIXITY INFORMATION
  • 24. B. DIGITAL OBJECT MANAGEMENT B.5 INFORMATION MANAGEMENT 1. SPECIFY MINIMUM METADATA REQUIREMENTS FOR DISCOVERABILITY 2. MEET THIS REQUIREMENT 3. DEMONSTRABLE REFERENTIAL INTEGRITY
  • 25. B. DIGITAL OBJECT MANAGEMENT B.6 ACCESS MANAGEMENT 1. COMMUNICATE ACCESS OPTIONS 2. POLICY FOR DOCUMENTATION OF ACCESS 3. RESPECTFUL OF ACCESS AGREEMENTS 4. DOCUMENTED ACCESS POLICIES 5. LOG INAPPROPRIATE ACCESS 6. DISSEMINATE COPIES OF ORIGINAL OBJECTS TRACEABLE TO THE ORIGINAL
  • 26. C. TECHNOLOGY, INFRASTRUCTURE, SECURITY C.1 SYSTEM INFRASTRUCTURE 1. REPOSITORY RUNS ON WELL SUPPORTED SYSTEMS (I.E. LINUX/UNIX) 2. ADEQUATE SUPPORT FOR BACKUP 3. REPOSITORY MANAGES BACKUPS 5. MECHANISMS TO DETECT, REPORT, AND ACT UPON CASES OF CORRUPTION 6. HARD/SOFTWAREWARE UPGRADE PROCEDURE 7. MEANS TO TEST SYSTEM CHANGES
  • 27. C. TECHNOLOGY, INFRASTRUCTURE, SECURITY C.2 APPROPRIATE TECHNOLOGIES 1. HARDWARE / SOFTWARE APPROPRIATE TO DESIGNATED COMMUNITY & SERVICES
  • 28. C. TECHNOLOGY, INFRASTRUCTURE, SECURITY C.3 SECURITY 1. SYSTEMATIC ANALYSIS OF DATA, PERSONNEL, PHYSICAL PLANT, AND SECURITY NEEDS. 2. STAFF HAVE AUTHORIZATION RELEVANT TO ROLE WITHIN SYSTEM 3. WRITTEN DISASTER PREPAREDNESS AND RECOVERY PLAN. 4. OFFSITE BACKUPS. OFFSITE RECOVERY PLAN.
  • 29. TOOLS
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  • 39. PRESERVATION PLANNING SUSTAINABLE FORMATS 1. DISCLOSURE 2. ADOPTION 3. TRANSPARENCY / SELF DOCUMENTATION 4. EXTERNAL DEPENDENCIES 5. PATENT ISSUES 6. DRM
  • 41. PRESERVATION PLANNING SUSTAINABLE FORMATS JHOVE UNIX FILE UTILITY FITS FIDO DROID
  • 42. Evaluation of Characterisation Tools Part 1: Identification Authors Johan van der Knijff, National Library of the Netherlands Carl Wilson, British Library September 2011
  • 43. COOL PROJECTS - OR - OK SO YOU’VE PRESERVED THIRTY YEARS OF DISK IMAGES. NOW WHAT.
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  • 61. Digital Forensics and Born-Digital Content in Cultural Heritage Collections by Matthew G. Kirschenbaum Richard Ovenden Gabriela Redwine with research assistance from Rachel Donahue December 2010 Council on Library and Information Resources Washington, D.C.
  • 62. Statistical Tools for Digital Forensics Alin C. Popescu and Hany Farid ? Department of Computer Science at Dartmouth College Abstract. A digitally altered photograph, often leaving no visual clues of having been tampered with, can be indistinguishable from an authentic photograph. As a result, photographs no longer hold the unique stature as a definitive recording of events. We describe several statistical techniques for detecting traces of digital tampering in the absence of any digital watermark or signature. In particular, we quantify statistical correlations that result from specific forms of digital tampering, and devise detection schemes to reveal these correlations. 1 Introduction The advent of low-cost and high-resolution digital cameras, and sophisticated photo-editing software, has made it remarkably easy to manipulate and alter digital images. In addition, digital forgeries, often leaving no
  • 63. SOAA_SP10 23/5/06 3:33 PM Page 159 T H E A M E R I C A N A R C H I V I S T “The Old Version Flickers More”: Digital Preservation from the User’s Perspective Margaret L. Hedstrom, Christopher A. Lee, Judith S. Olson, Clifford A. Lampe Abstract Most criteria for evaluating digital preservation strategies are based on needs and require- ments from the archivist’s perspective. In the CAMiLEON Project, we wanted to learn what significant properties users consider worth preserving. In this article, we present the results of two experiments that used human subjects to learn about user preferences for different formats of preserved digital objects. We tested subjects’ reactions to digital materials that were
  • 64. A FEW PEOPLE TO FOLLOW [INCOMPLETE LIST, BUT OH WELL] @TEXTFILES @MKIRSCHENBAUM @KARIKRAUS @ITPARCHIVE @AVPRESERVE @UMD_MITH @JUSPAR @JENGUILIANO @JONVOSS @EMORYDISC @DOUGRESIDE @READYRESOURCES @EUANC AND MANY MORE……