For civil Engineers

1. Construction Technology-I

2. Building : Building is defined as any type of structure for what so ever
purpose and of what so ever material constructed and ever part there
of weather used as human habitations or not , includes all structural
elements like foundation , plinth, walls, floors, roofs, chimneys etc…
with all building services like w.c, plumbing works.

3. Components

4.  Foundation
 Plinth
 Superstructure

6. Corbel
 It is a structure piece of stone, wood (or) metal extended out from a wall to
carry over head weight.

7. String course

9. Types of Buildings
According to Nation building code of (SP:7-1970)
Classifying based on occupancy
Group A :Residential building
Group B :Educational building
Group C :Institutional building
Group D :Assembly building
Group E :Business building
Group F :Mercantile building
Group G :Industrial building
Group H :Storage building
Group I:Hazardous building

10. Group A :Residential building
These are buildings in which sleeping accommodation is provided for
normal residential purpose , with or with out cooking or dining or both
facilities. Sub divided into
 A1: Lodging or Rooming houses(US)
in which lodgers rent one or more rooms for one or more nights, and
sometimes for extended periods of weeks, months, and years.
 Total sleeping accommodation is not more than 15 persons
 A2: one or two family private dwellings
 Which is occupied by members of single family with cooking
facility's
 Total sleeping accommodation is not more than 20 persons
 A3: Dormitories
 Group of sleeping accommodation is provided with or with out dining
facilities, for persons who are not of same family

11.  A4: Apartment houses
 In which living quarters are provided for more families living
independently of each other with cooking facilities.
 A5: Hotels
 Providing sleeping facilities with or without dining for more than 15
persons.
 It is generally used for commercial purpose
 Burj khalifa is an example of luxury hotel in the world

12. Group B : Educational buildings
 Using for educational purpose more than 8 hrs per week
Group C : Institutional buildings
 This type of building covers the medical for treatment purposes to serve the
people
 This type of building provides sleeping accommodation in different types
(Lodging , private single rooms,… )
 C1 :Hospitals and sanitaria
 C2 :Custodial institutions
 This type of institutions are like rest homes for old age people .
 Proper care will be taken by the nurses regarding their illness
 These are like nursing homes
 C3 :Penal institutions
 These type of institutions covers mainly those who are violet the rules
against the Indian penal
 It covers those who are mentally abnormal
 Jails , mental hospitals are under this type of institutions

13. Group D :Assembly Buildings
 Where the group of people assemble to gather for entertainment,
social purpose ,travelling, religious or praying purpose and similar
purpose…..
 Restaurants, theater, bus stands, railway stations, temples , conference
halls, theaters , auditoriums, exhibitions halls , dance halls , libraries,
museums..etc
Sub groups
 D1
 Buildings are having high raised plat form using that for
performance, entertainment with a fixed seating of 1000 persons and
above.
 Theaters, exhibition halls,

14.  D2
 Buildings using purpose same as group D1 but with seating of less
than 1000 persons
 D3
 These buildings or rooms used for assemble and conducting meeting,
and entertainment purpose but with temporary seating of more than
300 persons
 It also having raised stage or platform
 Dance halls, club halls , conference halls in hotels, libraries
 For educational purpose which are used less than 8 hrs in week
 D4
 Purpose same as D3 with seating of less than 300 persons
 D5
 This type is out of building type and outdoor assemble
 Gardens, parks, stadia, circus, review halls (military events
conducting ground)

15. Group E :Business buildings
 These building are used for account transitions and keeping books and
record of people
 Banks, post office, court , library are example
Group F :Mercantile building
 These buildings are used to purchasing purpose of any consuming
goods.
 Stores, markets, general stores, shopping malls, medical stores etc…
Group G :Industrial building
Group H :Storage building
Group I:Hazardous building

16. Design Loads
 Dead load
 Live load
Wind load
 Snow load
 Earth quack load

17. Dead load

18. live load

19. Wind load

20. Snow load

21. Earthquake load