Interpreting a soil report for onsite sewage treatment
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This presentation covers things a designer or regulator should know when interpreting a site and soil evaluation for onsite sewage treatment. I gave this presentation at the Northwest Ohio Environmental Health Association Fall Conference on October 21, 2011. I hope to add audio in the near future.
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Interpreting a soil report for onsite sewage treatment
- 1. WHAT DOES THIS MEAN?? WHAT DOES THIS MEAN??
- 2. http://www.mlmrecruitingonline.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/04/confused-man.jpg HELP!!! redoximorphic?? sicl?? depletions?? consistence?? 10YR4/2?? sbk??
- 3. http://www.flickr.com/photos/sterlic/2835194472/sizes/l/in/photostream/ LET’S BOIL IT DOWN TO WHAT WE REALLY NEED TO KNOW
- 4. Will water move through the soil??
- 5. Will the soil remove contaminants from the water??
- 7. C B E A Granular Platy Blocky Massive
- 8. Grade (Structure Development) Strong - Units are distinct in place (undisturbed) and separate cleanly when disturbed. Moderate - Units are well-formed and evident in place or in a hand sample Weak - Units are barely observable in place or in a hand sample Structureless - No discrete units observable in place or in a hand sample
- 9. Clay Silty Clay Silty Clay Loam Clay Loam Sandy Clay Sandy Clay Loam Loam Silt Loam Silt Sandy Loam Sand Percent Clay Percent Silt Percent Sand Fine Medium Coarse Loamy Sand Soil Texture Texture Triangle
- 10. Comparison of Coarse Textured and Fine Textured Soils Coarse Textured Soil Less porespace but more macropores Fine Textured Soil More total porespace Texture and Pore Space
- 13. Observe Details, Avoid Surprises http://www.flickr.com/photos/33778545@N07/4053418477/sizes/m/in/photostream/
- 14. Lack of Sufficient Soil Structure
- 15. Lack of Sufficient Soil Structure
- 16. Lack of Sufficient Soil Structure
- 18. Evidence of Compaction http://www.omafra.gov.on.ca/english/crops/pub811/8soilresource.htm
- 23. Disturbed Site
- 25. Redoxymorphic Features redox concentrations Zones of apparent accumulation of Fe-Mn oxides in soils. redox depletions Zones of low chroma (2 or less) where Fe-Mn oxides alone or both Fe-Mn oxides and clay have been stripped out of the soil. (used to define aquic conditions) aquic A mostly reducing soil moisture regime nearly free of dissolved oxygen due to saturation by groundwater or its capillary fringe and occurring at periods when the soil temperature at 50 cm below the surface is >5°C.
- 27. http://www.flickr.com/photos/soilrocks/317241887/in/set-72157594384192229/ Redoxymorphic Features
- 28. Putting it all together… Here… To here! Can take us from……
- 29. Soil Structure Soil Texture Will water move through the soil? Will it move through the soil quickly enough to disperse? Will water move through the soil too quickly to receive adequate treatment?
- 30. Tyler Loading Rate Table
- 31. Redoxymorphic Features Additional Observations Is the soil periodically saturated? Is there evidence of site disturbance that would affect water movement? Is there evidence of a condition that would present a health hazard?
- 32. Resources Glossary of Soil Science Terms https://www.soils.org/publications/soils-glossary
- 33. Resources Soil and Site Evaluation for Onsite Wastewater Treatment OSU Extension Bulletin 905 http://ohioline.osu.edu/b905/index.html
- 34. Resources USDA/NRCS Field Book for Describing and Sampling Soils, Version 2.0 ftp://ftp-fc.sc.egov.usda.gov/NSSC/Field_Book/FieldBookVer2.pdf
- 35. Resources Web Soil Survey http://websoilsurvey.nrcs.usda.gov/app/WebSoilSurvey.aspx
- 36. Resources Ohio Department of Health Sewage Treatment System Program Site and Soil Evaluation for Sewage Treatment and Dispersal INSTRUCTIONS http://www.odh.ohio.gov/odhPrograms/eh/sewage/sewrules.aspx
Editor's Notes
- There are 12 basic textural classes found on the texture triangle. Each class can determine fertility, ease of tillage, droughtiness, and general productivity. There are two widely acceptable ways to determine soil texture. The first is determining texture by feel. The second method requires some laboratory equipment, and is referred to the hydrometer method. The hydrometer method separates particles by their rate of settling in water. The texture of a soil can be found by knowing (or estimating) the percentage of two of the three components, usually clay and sand in the hydrometer method.
- Soils with a high proportion of pore space to solids have lower bulk densities than those that are more compact and have less pore space. Sandy soils have bulk densities that are commonly higher than in the finer-textured soils such as clay loams and clays. This fact may seem counterintuitive at first because sandy soils are commonly referred to as ‘light’ soils, while clays are commonly referred to as ‘heavy’ soils. In this case, ‘light’ and ‘heavy’ do not refer to bulk density, but rather the amount of effort required for tillage.