This document discusses perception of self and others in interpersonal communication. It covers how our self-concept is formed from four sources: others' images of us, social comparisons, cultural teachings, and self-evaluation. It also discusses the Johari window model of self-awareness and growing in self-awareness. Impression formation and management strategies that people use in communication are explained as well.

1. CH 3: Perception of Self and Others in Interpersonal Communication (slide 1)
Chapter 3: Perceptions of Self
and Others in Interpersonal
Communication
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2. CH 3: Perception of Self and Others in Interpersonal Communication (slide 2)
The Self in Interpersonal
Communication
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Self concept – how you see yourself comes
from four sources
1. Others’ images of you (looking glass self)
2. Social comparisons
Upward
Downward
3. Cultural teachings
4. Self evaluation

3. CH 3: Perception of Self and Others in Interpersonal Communication (slide 3)
The Self in Interpersonal
Communication (cont.)
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Self awareness – how well you know yourself
The Johari Model emphasizes four aspects of self
awareness
1. Open – known to self and others
2. Blind – known to others but not self
3. Hidden – known to self but not others
4. Unknown – no one knows

4. CH 3: Perception of Self and Others in Interpersonal Communication (slide 4)
The Self in Interpersonal
Communication (cont.)
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The Johari Model
Known to self Unknown to self
Unknown
to
others
Known
to
others
Open Self Blind Self
Hidden Self Unknown Self

5. CH 3: Perception of Self and Others in Interpersonal Communication (slide 5)
The Self in Interpersonal
Communication (cont.)
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Growing in self awareness
 Ask yourself about yourself
 Listen to others
 Actively seek information about yourself
 See your different selves
 Increase your open self

6. CH 3: Perception of Self and Others in Interpersonal Communication (slide 6)
The Self in Interpersonal
Communication (cont.)
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Self Esteem – how valuable you think you are.
Ways to increase self esteem
1. Attack self destructive beliefs
2. Seek out nourishing people
3. Work on projects that will result in success
4. Secure affirmation

7. CH 3: Perception of Self and Others in Interpersonal Communication (slide 7)
Perception in Interpersonal
Communication
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 Perception is the process by which we
become aware of objects, events, and people
around us
 Interpersonal perception is a continuous
series of processes that blend into each other
 We separate processes into five stages for
study and analysis

8. CH 3: Perception of Self and Others in Interpersonal Communication (slide 8)
Perception in Interpersonal
Communication (cont.)
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Five stages of perception
Stage One: Stimulation
 Selective perception
 Selective attention
 Selective exposure

9. CH 3: Perception of Self and Others in Interpersonal Communication (slide 9)
Perception in Interpersonal
Communication (cont.)
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Stage Two: Organization
1. Rules
 Proximity
 Similarity
 Contrast
2. Schemata (schema)
3. Scripts

10. CH 3: Perception of Self and Others in Interpersonal Communication (slide 10)
Perception in Interpersonal
Communication (cont.)
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Stage Three: Interpretation and Evaluation
 Combined because they are simultaneous
Stage Four: Memory
Stage Five: Recall

11. CH 3: Perception of Self and Others in Interpersonal Communication (slide 11)
Impression Formation
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Impression formation processes
1.Self-fulfilling prophecy
2.Implicit personality theory
 “Halo effect”
 “Reverse halo effect” or “horns effect”
3.Perceptual accentuation

12. CH 3: Perception of Self and Others in Interpersonal Communication (slide 12)
Impression Formation (cont.)
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4. Primacy-recency effect
5. Consistency
6. Attribution of control
 Self-serving bias
 Overattribution
 Fundamental attribution error

13. CH 3: Perception of Self and Others in Interpersonal Communication (slide 13)
Impression Formation (cont.)
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Ways to increase accuracy in impression
formation
 Analyze impressions
 Check perceptions
 Reduce uncertainty
 Increase cultural Sensitivity

14. CH 3: Perception of Self and Others in Interpersonal Communication (slide 14)
Impression Management:
Goals and Strategies
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 Impression management – how to
communicate to others the image of yourself
you want them to see
 Self-presentation
 Identity-management

15. CH 3: Perception of Self and Others in Interpersonal Communication (slide 15)
Impression Management (cont.)
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Impression management strategies
1. To be liked
 Immediacy – connects you to the other person
 Affinity seeking – techniques to get others to
like you
 Politeness – make ourselves appear likeable

16. CH 3: Perception of Self and Others in Interpersonal Communication (slide 16)
Impression Management (cont.)
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Politeness and Face
Positive face – desire to be seen favorably or
positively by others
 Keep positive face – help someone look favorably
 Attack positive face – make someone look bad

17. CH 3: Perception of Self and Others in Interpersonal Communication (slide 17)
Impression Management (cont.)
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Politeness and Face
Negative face – desire to be autonomous or free to
act as we wish
 Keep negative face – ask someone nicely to do
something
 Attack negative face – order or command someone to
do something

18. CH 3: Perception of Self and Others in Interpersonal Communication (slide 18)
Impression Management (cont.)
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2. To be believed
 Credibility strategies
3. To excuse failure
 Self-handicapping strategies
4. To secure help
 Self-deprecating strategies

19. CH 3: Perception of Self and Others in Interpersonal Communication (slide 19)
Impression Management (cont.)
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5. To hide faults
 Self-monitoring strategies
6. To be followed
 Influencing strategies
7. To confirm self image
 Image-confirming strategies