The document discusses various internet issues including reliability of online information, undesirable websites, data security, phishing, pharming, and email spam. It provides tips for determining the reliability of websites and information found online. Some key points mentioned are to use websites from trusted organizations, consider the purpose and author of websites, and be wary of unsolicited emails attempting to steal personal information. Encryption and secure websites are recommended for sending sensitive data online.

1. INTERNET ISSUES
Samir Char
Camila Abiad
Maria Juliana Morales

2. INTRODUCTION
The Internet links are computer networks all over the world so
that users can share resources and communicate with each
other. The Internet is an inherently participative medium.
Anybody can publish information or create new services that´s
why it is a fantastic resource for finding and sharing
information. The Web contains literally billions of web pages
containing information about every topic imaginable.
However we need to take care when using the Internet to look
for information, or to send information.

3. RELIABILITY OF INFORMATION
The Internet and Web are not regulated - there is no organisation that controls who can
create web pages or what those pages can contain.
So... how do you which web pages to believe, which information to trust?
 Stick to websites that belong to trusted organisations. If the website address ends in
.gov.uk it is more likely to be reliable than one that ends in .com
 Look at the spelling and grammar used.
 Who is the author or sponsor of the page?
 Are there obvious reasons for bias?
 Is contact information provided?
 Is there a copyright symbol on the page? If so, who holds the copyright?
 Is this page a "zombie," or one considered "walking dead" because the person who
posted it no longer maintains or updates it?
 What is the purpose of the page? Why is this information being posted--as
information, as a public service, as a news source, as a research tool for academics, as
a personal ax to grind, or as a way to gain attention?
 How well organized is the page? Is the page easy to navigate? Is it complete? When
was the page last updated? Is the information on it current? How credible are the links it
provides?
 Can you verify the information on the Web page some other way?
 Even though a page might not meet your standards as a citable source, it may
help you generate good ideas.

5. UNDESIRABLE INFORMATION
In addition to the Web being full of websites with inaccurate
information, there are also a huge number of websites that
contain highly offensive, or illegal material.
Avoiding this type of material can be tricky. Many organisations
and also many parents, make use of web page filtering
software. This software attempts to prevent offensive and illegal
material being accessed.
Even if filtering software is not installed on a computer, you can
still take steps to help you avoid these types of sites:
Use the 'safe search' feature on search engines such as Google.
 Don’t click the links that are shown in junk email (spam)
 Think carefully about the keywords that you use to search with.

6. SECURITY OF DATA TRANSFER
USING INTERNET
As has been discussed already, you should always consider
encrypting any sensitive or personal data that is sent or
accessed over a public network such as The Internet.
Many websites, especially online shopping or online
banking sites, require you to enter personal information, such
as credit card numbers, social security IDs, etc. To make
sure your data is safe, these websites use encryption - they
are called secure websites.
You should always make sure that a website is secure before
giving personal information...
The website URL (address) should begin with https://...
(normal, unsecure sites have addresses that start with http://...)
 Your web browser should show a closed padlock icon

7. PHISING
'Phishing' is the nickname given to the sending of fraudulent e-
mails that attempt to trick people into revealing details about
their bank accounts, or other online accounts (e.g.
Amazon, eBay, etc.)
The 'phishers' then use these bank details to login to the
victim's bank account and take their money.
The e-mail looks very convincing. It even has the bank's logo.
And it sounds urgent and scary...
If you were to click the link, you would be taken to a fake bank
website. Then if you were to enter your login details, these
would be recorded by the phishers and used to empty your
real bank account.

9. PHARMING
'Pharming' is similar to phishing, but instead of deceiving you (as
phishing does), a pharming attack deceives your computer.
In a pharming attack, when you type in a completely genuine URL
(e.g. for your online banking website), your computer is tricked
into displaying a fake website (often a very accurate copy).
Then, when you try to login to the fake website, your username /
password are recorded and used to take money from your real
bank account.
It is very difficult to spot pharming attacks, because to the user
everything seems to be normal.

10. E-MAIL SPAM
'Spam' is the name given to unsolicited e-mails (ones sent without being asked for). It is
a huge problem. It is estimated that 97% of all e-mail messages sent is spam.
The most commonly seen spam includes the following:
 Phishing scams, a very popular and dangerous form of email fraud
 Foreign bank scams or advance fee fraud schemes
 Pyramid schemes, including multilevel marketing (MLM)
 Other "Get Rich Quick" or "Make Money Fast" (MMF) schemes
 Quack health products and remedies
 Ads for pornographic web sites
 Offers of software for collecting email addresses and sending UCE
 Offers of bulk emailing services for sending UCE
 Chain letters Illegally pirated software
Spam e-mails usually contain adverts for products.
If it wasn't for e-mail spam filters (which separate out spam messages from genuine
messages) our e-mail systems would be unusable.

11. CONCLUSION
 As technology evolves so does computers, internet, and
hacking programs and methods. Terrorists and thieves now
can attack via internet to individual users and even entire
governments, generating fear, which develops in terror and
creates conflicts. Methods such as pharming, phishing and
E-Mail spamming are often used by hackers in order to get
money or information from internet users. In this presentation
we are going to make you aware of all this types of internet
attacks, in order to keep security.