The document discusses internet congestion, defining it as when a network node or link is carrying more data than it can handle, resulting in reduced quality of service. Examples of congestion given include slow loading of pages during high traffic periods like sales events. Causes of congestion outlined include low bandwidth, the Border Gateway Protocol prioritizing shortest paths over available bandwidth, and network protocols exacerbating congestion through aggressive retransmissions. Methods to control congestion involve reducing unnecessary content, using more efficient file formats, and improving network infrastructure and protocols.

1. B. S. ANANGPURIA
INSTITUTE OF TECH. AND
MGT.

2. INTERNET
CONGESTION….
• DEFINITION
• WWW PROBLEM
• NETWORK
THROUGHPUT
• REASONS
• EXAMPLES
• CONTROL
A hearty welcome from my side….
…. Raghav Gupta

3. DEFINITION &
MEANING….
• Network/Internet congestion is the reduced quality of
service that occurs when a network node or link is carrying
more data than it can handle. Typical effects include queueing
delay, packet loss or the blocking of new connections.

4. ANALOGY…
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Normal
traffic
Traffic more than
capacity:
resulting in traffic jam
less people will reach
on time
Due to
festival

5. WORLD WIDE WAIT
PROBLEM…
• You click on a link and wait and wait, and then wait some
more, for the content to trickle in. If nothing has happened
after ten seconds or so, your impatient correspondent hits the
browser's stop button followed by the reload key. In
desperation, he sometimes loads the link into a second or even
a third browser tab as well, and bombards the website's server
with multiple requests for the page. If that fails, he gives up in
disgust and reads a newspaper instead.
• In Spanish, espera en la red mundial

6. THROUGHPUT….
• A benchmark can be used to measure throughput. In data
transmission, network throughput is the amount of data moved
successfully from one place to another in a given time period,
and typically measured in bits per second (bps), as in megabits
per second (Mbps) or gigabits per second (Gbps)
• throughput or network throughput is the rate
of successful message delivery over a communication channel.

7. EXAMPLES….
• While buying XIAOMI mobile phones
• During big billion days
• When results of prestigious exams are announced
• When too many users are connected to a wi-fi
• While sitting in KFC or Mc’ D
• Too many users working simultaneously.

8. PRIMARY REASONS….
• Lower bandwidth
• Artificial congestion by ISP
• BORDER GATEWAY PROTOCOL/ BGP
• network node or link is carrying more data than it can handle
• Network protocols that use aggressive retransmissions to
compensate for packet loss due to congestion can increase
congestion
• Advertisements

9. BORDER GATEWAY
PROTOCOL
• BGP is an agnostic routing system. BGP is agnostic because it
does not account for factors other than shortest logical path.
When there is no concern for how much data is currently sent
over a route, this causes congestion.
• BGP has no concern for the fastest path, the lowest cost path,
or the path with most bandwidth. No concern of these factors
can lead to network congestion.

10. SECONDARY REASONS
FOR LOW PERFORMANCE OF INTERNET……..
• Poor transmission channel
• Poor design of webpages
• Poor link speed, CPU speed, bus speed, disk speed and so on
• Packet loss
• Network latency

11. CONGESTION COLLAPSE…
• Congestive collapse (or congestion collapse) is the condition in
which congestion prevents or limits useful communication.
Congestion collapse generally occurs at choke points in the
network, where incoming traffic exceeds outgoing bandwidth.

12. CONGESTION
CONTROL…..
• Remove unnecessary advertisements
• Remove unnecessary images, videos and graphics.
• Use .png image instead of .gif – generally smaller
• Use CSS and Bootstrap – improves download time
• Personal intranets
• Higher bandwidth

13. CONGESTION
CONTROL…..
• Reducing the number of router tables by rearranging how
blocks of addresses are identified. This problem comes at
higher speeds.
• Better URL resolution
• New techniques to expedite web pages requests

14. THANK YOU