This document discusses various internal treatment methods for boiler water feed to prevent scale and reduce sludge. Colloidal substances like kerosene, tannin, and agar-agar are added to low pressure boilers. For high pressure boilers, sodium carbonate can be added to avoid scale formation by forming calcium carbonate and sodium sulfate. Phosphate conditioning uses trisodium phosphate and magnesium chloride to form insoluble calcium phosphate and magnesium phosphate. Calgon conditioning uses sodium hexametaphosphate to remove calcium ions by forming a soluble calcium-ion complex. Treatment with sodium aluminate involves heating with sodium aluminate to produce sodium hydroxide, which reacts with magnesium chloride to form a flocculant precip

2. INTERNAL TREATMENT OF BOILER WATER FEED
Internal Treatment of Water is used to prevent Scale formation and reduce
sludge formation in the boilers by adding certain chemicals to the boiler water
feed.
1
Kerosene is used as an additive in such
treatment.

3. Colloidal Substances like Kerosene, Tannin, Agar-Agar
etc… are added to low pressure boilers.
2
COLLOIDAL CONDITIONING
AGAR-AGAR IN ITS GEL
LIKE STRUCTURE TANNIN CHEMICAL
STRUCTURE

4. CARBONATE CONDITIONING
✗ Scale Formation in low pressure boilers can
avoided by adding sodium carbonate to the
boiler water.
✗ Reaction follows as :-
CaSO4 + Na2CO3
3
CaCO3 + Na4SO4

5. This is Generally Applied
to high pressure boilers.
PHOSPHATE CONDITIONING
Reaction Follows as :-
3CaCl2 + 2Na3PO4
3MgCl2 + 2Na3PO4
4
Trisodium Phosphate
Ca3(PO4)2 + 6NaCl
Mg3(PO}4 + 6NaSO4

6. Calgon conditioning process
Sodium Hexametaphosphate ( Calgon ) is added to the
water in order to remove calcium i.e. Ca2+ ion.
Reaction follows as:-
Na2[Na4(PO3)6] + 2Ca2+
CALGON CALCIUM SOLUBLE
ION COMPLEX
Calgon
5
Sodium Hexametaphosphate
Na2[Ca2(PO3)6]

7. Treatment with sodium aluminate
✗ Boiler water is heated with Sodium aluminate to give Sodium
Hydroxide which further reacts with Magnesium Chloride to form
a Flocculant Precipitate of Magnesium Hydroxide.
Reactions are :-
NaAlO2 + 2H2O
2NaOH + MgCl2
6
NaOH + Al(OH)3
Mg(OH)2 + 2NaCl
(Sodium
Aluminate)

8. PRESENTATION BY:
SHIVANK TIWARI
THANK YOU!!