1. The document discusses interevent triggering of earthquakes induced by wastewater injection in Oklahoma and southern Kansas.
2. It focuses on analyzing the spatial features of earthquake triggering cascades in induced seismicity compared to tectonic seismicity.
3. The authors aim to study whether there are any secondary triggering processes beyond the strong correlation between injection volumes and earthquake rates that has been observed previously.
Probing the energetic particle environment near the SunSérgio Sacani
NASA’s Parker Solar Probe mission1
recently plunged through the inner heliosphere of
the Sun to its perihelia, about 24 million kilometres from the Sun. Previous studies
farther from the Sun (performed mostly at a distance of 1 astronomical unit) indicate
that solar energetic particles are accelerated from a few kiloelectronvolts up to nearrelativistic energies via at least two processes: ‘impulsive’ events, which are usually
associated with magnetic reconnection in solar fares and are typically enriched in
electrons, helium-3 and heavier ions2
, and ‘gradual’ events3,4
, which are typically
associated with large coronal-mass-ejection-driven shocks and compressions moving
through the corona and inner solar wind and are the dominant source of protons with
energies between 1 and 10 megaelectronvolts. However, some events show aspects of
both processes and the electron–proton ratio is not bimodally distributed, as would
be expected if there were only two possible processes5
. These processes have been
very difcult to resolve from prior observations, owing to the various transport efects
that afect the energetic particle population en route to more distant spacecraft6
.
Here we report observations of the near-Sun energetic particle radiation environment
over the frst two orbits of the probe. We fnd a variety of energetic particle events
accelerated both locally and remotely including by corotating interaction regions,
impulsive events driven by acceleration near the Sun, and an event related to a coronal
mass ejection. We provide direct observations of the energetic particle radiation
environment in the region just above the corona of the Sun and directly explore the
physics of particle acceleration and transport.
This study investigates the relationship between lightning jumps and three storm metrics - reflectivity, estimated hail size, and precipitation echo tops - in 35 thunderstorm cells. A lightning jump is defined as a rapid increase in flash rate of 1.5 times the standard deviation. The study found that 14 of the 35 cells contained lightning jumps. It also found that cells containing jumps had higher average values and maximum increases in the three storm metrics, indicating higher storm intensity. This suggests lightning jumps may signal rapid storm strengthening.
Earthquake and its predictions. by engr. ghulam yasin taunsviShan Khan
Earthquakes occur where tectonic plates meet, called faults.
California lies on one of the most active faults in the world, the San Andreas Fault.
Methods for predicting earthquakes on these faults vary, none of them being 100% accurate.
Predictions are generally given for a time frame instead of an exact date
The document discusses methods for predicting earthquakes, which scientists have tried with varying degrees of success. It outlines several contemporary prediction methods, such as observing unusual animal behavior, changes in water levels and radon emissions, and analyzing seismic electric signals. However, the document concludes that scientists have not achieved 100% accurate predictions yet, though prediction capabilities have improved over time as more data is collected and patterns analyzed.
1) An earthquake occurs when rocks underground break due to accumulated stress exceeding their strength, releasing seismic waves. 2) Seismic waves include body waves that travel through the earth's interior and surface waves that travel along its surface. 3) Earthquake location is determined by measuring the time delays between P and S wave arrivals at multiple seismograph stations and triangulating the epicenter.
- Monitoring at the Wildlife Liquefaction Array (WLA) site over the past decade has provided new insights into soil behavior during earthquakes.
- The largest pore pressure increases were observed during a 2012 earthquake swarm near Brawley, California, including one M4.9 event that generated over 20 kPa of excess pore pressure.
- Analysis of data from this event showed nonlinear soil behavior both near the surface and at depths over 30 m, as evidenced by reduced shear wave velocities and decreased high frequency amplification with increasing ground motions.
Probing the energetic particle environment near the SunSérgio Sacani
NASA’s Parker Solar Probe mission1
recently plunged through the inner heliosphere of
the Sun to its perihelia, about 24 million kilometres from the Sun. Previous studies
farther from the Sun (performed mostly at a distance of 1 astronomical unit) indicate
that solar energetic particles are accelerated from a few kiloelectronvolts up to nearrelativistic energies via at least two processes: ‘impulsive’ events, which are usually
associated with magnetic reconnection in solar fares and are typically enriched in
electrons, helium-3 and heavier ions2
, and ‘gradual’ events3,4
, which are typically
associated with large coronal-mass-ejection-driven shocks and compressions moving
through the corona and inner solar wind and are the dominant source of protons with
energies between 1 and 10 megaelectronvolts. However, some events show aspects of
both processes and the electron–proton ratio is not bimodally distributed, as would
be expected if there were only two possible processes5
. These processes have been
very difcult to resolve from prior observations, owing to the various transport efects
that afect the energetic particle population en route to more distant spacecraft6
.
Here we report observations of the near-Sun energetic particle radiation environment
over the frst two orbits of the probe. We fnd a variety of energetic particle events
accelerated both locally and remotely including by corotating interaction regions,
impulsive events driven by acceleration near the Sun, and an event related to a coronal
mass ejection. We provide direct observations of the energetic particle radiation
environment in the region just above the corona of the Sun and directly explore the
physics of particle acceleration and transport.
This study investigates the relationship between lightning jumps and three storm metrics - reflectivity, estimated hail size, and precipitation echo tops - in 35 thunderstorm cells. A lightning jump is defined as a rapid increase in flash rate of 1.5 times the standard deviation. The study found that 14 of the 35 cells contained lightning jumps. It also found that cells containing jumps had higher average values and maximum increases in the three storm metrics, indicating higher storm intensity. This suggests lightning jumps may signal rapid storm strengthening.
Earthquake and its predictions. by engr. ghulam yasin taunsviShan Khan
Earthquakes occur where tectonic plates meet, called faults.
California lies on one of the most active faults in the world, the San Andreas Fault.
Methods for predicting earthquakes on these faults vary, none of them being 100% accurate.
Predictions are generally given for a time frame instead of an exact date
The document discusses methods for predicting earthquakes, which scientists have tried with varying degrees of success. It outlines several contemporary prediction methods, such as observing unusual animal behavior, changes in water levels and radon emissions, and analyzing seismic electric signals. However, the document concludes that scientists have not achieved 100% accurate predictions yet, though prediction capabilities have improved over time as more data is collected and patterns analyzed.
1) An earthquake occurs when rocks underground break due to accumulated stress exceeding their strength, releasing seismic waves. 2) Seismic waves include body waves that travel through the earth's interior and surface waves that travel along its surface. 3) Earthquake location is determined by measuring the time delays between P and S wave arrivals at multiple seismograph stations and triangulating the epicenter.
- Monitoring at the Wildlife Liquefaction Array (WLA) site over the past decade has provided new insights into soil behavior during earthquakes.
- The largest pore pressure increases were observed during a 2012 earthquake swarm near Brawley, California, including one M4.9 event that generated over 20 kPa of excess pore pressure.
- Analysis of data from this event showed nonlinear soil behavior both near the surface and at depths over 30 m, as evidenced by reduced shear wave velocities and decreased high frequency amplification with increasing ground motions.
This document provides information about earthquakes, including what causes them, the different types of seismic waves, how earthquakes are located, determined their magnitude, and the hazards they can cause. It defines key terms like focus, epicenter, Richter scale, intensity scale and explains the processes of triangulation of seismic waves to locate the epicenter of an earthquake. Diagrams are included to illustrate seismic wave propagation and tsunami movement. Web resources for further information on earthquakes are also listed.
Hydraulic fracturing has been inferred to trigger the majority of injection-induced earthquakes in western Canada, in contrast to the midwestern United States where massive saltwater disposal is the dominant triggering mechanism. A template-based earthquake catalog from a seismically active Canadian shale play, combined with comprehensive injection data during a 4-month interval, shows that earthquakes are tightly clustered in space and time near hydraulic fracturing sites. The largest event [moment magnitude (MW) 3.9] occurred several weeks after injection along a fault that appears to extend from the injection zone into crystalline basement. Patterns of seismicity indicate that stress changes during operations can activate fault slip to an offset distance of >1 km, whereas pressurization by hydraulic fracturing into a fault yields episodic seismicity that can persist for months.
NISAR
Earthquake! Tracking Location and Impact from Space
NASA
National Aeronautics and Space Administration
NASA-ISRO Synthetic Aperture Radar (NISAR)
By
Dr. Pankaj Dhussa
M6.0 2004 Parkfield Earthquake : Seismic AttenuationAli Osman Öncel
HRSN isimli kuyu içi sismik istasyonlar kullanılarak, San Andreas fayı boyunca meydana gelen büyük depremler öncesi sismik azalımın varlığının olup olmadığı araştırılıyor.
A 4.7 magnitude earthquake occurred in Arkansas on February 28, 2011 at 5:00:50 UTC at a depth of 3.8km. The earthquake was felt over a wide area with an estimated intensity of 5.0 on the Modified Mercalli scale. The earthquake was likely caused by ancient faults in the region becoming active again, possibly due to underground injection of wastewater from fracking operations. While the earthquake was relatively small, it was felt in several cities across Arkansas.
1. The document discusses sismology in real-time and the information that is available shortly after an earthquake occurs, such as hypocenter location, magnitude, and shakemaps.
2. It also discusses how data from global and regional networks can be used to rapidly estimate earthquake impacts and provide early warnings.
3. Citizen seismology networks are mentioned as a way to collect additional data through surveys and social media posts to further the science of earthquake monitoring and early detection.
Avoiding “Surprises” in Seismic Hazard Mapping - Art FrankelEERI
1) Using paleoseismology, geologic slip rates, and logic trees, the USGS National Seismic Hazard Maps avoid "surprises" by incorporating long-term earthquake data beyond the historical record.
2) 3D ground motion simulations in Seattle account for basin effects and rupture directivity, identifying higher hazards than 2D models.
3) The maps are regularly updated using the best available science to provide seismic hazard information for building codes and risk management.
X-Ray-luminous Supernovae: Threats to Terrestrial BiospheresSérgio Sacani
The spectacular outbursts of energy associated with supernovae (SNe) have long motivated research into their
potentially hazardous effects on Earth and analogous environments. Much of this research has focused primarily on
the atmospheric damage associated with the prompt arrival of ionizing photons within days or months of the initial
outburst, and the high-energy cosmic rays that arrive thousands of years after the explosion. In this study, we turn
the focus to persistent X-ray emission, arising in certain SNe that have interactions with a dense circumstellar
medium and observed months and/or years after the initial outburst. The sustained high X-ray luminosity leads to
large doses of ionizing radiation out to formidable distances. We assess the threat posed by these X-ray-luminous
SNe for Earth-like planetary atmospheres; our results are rooted in the X-ray SN observations from Chandra, Swift-
XRT, XMM-Newton, NuSTAR, and others. We find that this threat is particularly acute for SNe showing evidence
of strong circumstellar interaction, such as Type IIn explosions, which have significantly larger ranges of influence
than previously expected and lethal consequences up to ∼50 pc away. Furthermore, X-ray-bright SNe could pose a
substantial and distinct threat to terrestrial biospheres and tighten the Galactic habitable zone. We urge follow-up
X-ray observations of interacting SNe for months and years after the explosion to shed light on the physical nature
and full-time evolution of the emission and to clarify the danger that these events pose for life in our galaxy and
other star-forming regions.
This problem represents an interesting opportunity for scientists and statisticians to collaborate since the problem is too big for either community. The science is not well established, although fairly sophisticated ice flow models exist. They are even becoming relevant to explain some of the complexity seen in observational data. At the same time, the complex phenomena we see in observations may not be particularly relevant to assessing the risks of significant increases in sea level rise over the near future. The talk will review what we have learned about this problem through the PISCEES SciDAC project. This problem is rich with challenges and opportunities, particularly for realigning how our two communities engage each other. The talk will review the computational, scientific, and mathematical "reality checks" that might stop any reasonable person from considering this topic further. I then will point out how each of these challenges could be mitigated if these different perspectives were better integrated.
Caltech researchers have found that fault segments previously thought to be stable and stop large earthquakes can actually participate in major quakes. Through modeling based on lab data of rock properties, they showed these creeping faults may weaken and join larger ruptures. This could mean seismic hazards are underestimated as quakes may be much larger than expected, such as a major San Andreas event involving both LA and SF. The models were able to reproduce the unexpected 2011 Tohoku quake size, suggesting it involved areas thought to be creeping.
- Earthquakes are caused by the accumulation of strain along faults until rupture occurs, releasing seismic waves.
- Their magnitude is measured using different scales based on the amplitude and period of seismic waves or the rupture area and displacement.
- Recurrence refers to the frequency of earthquakes in a given area, which can be estimated from historical records and geology.
- While prediction of individual quakes remains difficult, hazards can be assessed through evaluating faults, recurrence, and the effects of local geology on shaking intensity. Preparedness involves building design, codes, and public education.
- Earthquakes are caused by the accumulation of strain along faults until rupture occurs, releasing seismic waves.
- Their magnitude is measured using different scales based on the amplitude and period of seismic waves or the rupture area and displacement.
- Recurrence refers to the frequency of earthquakes in a given area, which can be estimated from historical records and geology.
- While prediction of individual quakes remains difficult, hazards can be assessed through evaluating faults, recurrence, and the effects of local geology on shaking intensity. Preparedness involves building design, codes, and public education.
- Earthquakes are caused by the accumulation of strain along faults until rupture occurs, releasing seismic waves.
- Their magnitude is measured using different scales based on the amplitude and period of seismic waves or the rupture area and displacement.
- Recurrence refers to the frequency of earthquakes in a given area, which can be estimated from historical records and geology.
- While prediction of individual quakes remains difficult, hazards can be assessed through evaluating faults, recurrence, and the effects of local geology on shaking intensity. Preparedness involves building design, codes, and public education.
- Earthquakes are caused by the accumulation of strain along faults until rupture occurs, releasing seismic waves.
- Their magnitude is measured using different scales based on the amplitude and period of seismic waves or the rupture area and displacement.
- Recurrence refers to the frequency of earthquakes in a given area, which can be estimated from historical records and geology.
- While prediction of individual quakes remains difficult, hazards can be assessed through evaluating faults, recurrence, and the effects of local geology on shaking intensity. Preparedness involves building design, codes, and public education.
Earthquakes AND ITS EFFECTS1111111111111111111111111sanketsanghai
- Earthquakes are caused by the accumulation of strain along faults until rupture occurs, releasing seismic waves.
- Their magnitude is measured using different scales based on the amplitude and period of seismic waves or the rupture area and displacement.
- Recurrence refers to the frequency of earthquakes in a given area, which can be estimated from historical records and geology.
- While prediction of individual quakes remains difficult, hazards can be assessed through evaluating faults, recurrence, and the effects of local geology on shaking intensity. Preparedness involves building design, codes, and public education.
- Earthquakes are caused by the accumulation of strain along faults until rupture occurs, releasing seismic waves.
- Their magnitude is measured using different scales based on the amplitude and period of seismic waves or the rupture area and displacement.
- Recurrence refers to the frequency of earthquakes in a given area, which can be estimated from historical records and geology.
- While prediction of individual quakes remains difficult, hazards can be assessed through evaluating faults, recurrence, and the effects of local geology on shaking intensity. Preparedness involves building design, codes, and public education.
- Earthquakes are caused by the accumulation of strain along faults until rupture occurs, releasing energy as seismic waves.
- Their magnitude is measured using different scales based on the amplitude and period of seismic waves or the rupture area and displacement.
- Geography of earthquakes is influenced by tectonic plate boundaries and fault zones.
- Seismic hazards include shaking, liquefaction, landslides and tsunamis.
Prediction of Electrical Energy Efficiency Using Information on Consumer's Ac...PriyankaKilaniya
Energy efficiency has been important since the latter part of the last century. The main object of this survey is to determine the energy efficiency knowledge among consumers. Two separate districts in Bangladesh are selected to conduct the survey on households and showrooms about the energy and seller also. The survey uses the data to find some regression equations from which it is easy to predict energy efficiency knowledge. The data is analyzed and calculated based on five important criteria. The initial target was to find some factors that help predict a person's energy efficiency knowledge. From the survey, it is found that the energy efficiency awareness among the people of our country is very low. Relationships between household energy use behaviors are estimated using a unique dataset of about 40 households and 20 showrooms in Bangladesh's Chapainawabganj and Bagerhat districts. Knowledge of energy consumption and energy efficiency technology options is found to be associated with household use of energy conservation practices. Household characteristics also influence household energy use behavior. Younger household cohorts are more likely to adopt energy-efficient technologies and energy conservation practices and place primary importance on energy saving for environmental reasons. Education also influences attitudes toward energy conservation in Bangladesh. Low-education households indicate they primarily save electricity for the environment while high-education households indicate they are motivated by environmental concerns.
More Related Content
Similar to Interevent triggering induced by wastewater injection in Oklahoma and southern Kansas
This document provides information about earthquakes, including what causes them, the different types of seismic waves, how earthquakes are located, determined their magnitude, and the hazards they can cause. It defines key terms like focus, epicenter, Richter scale, intensity scale and explains the processes of triangulation of seismic waves to locate the epicenter of an earthquake. Diagrams are included to illustrate seismic wave propagation and tsunami movement. Web resources for further information on earthquakes are also listed.
Hydraulic fracturing has been inferred to trigger the majority of injection-induced earthquakes in western Canada, in contrast to the midwestern United States where massive saltwater disposal is the dominant triggering mechanism. A template-based earthquake catalog from a seismically active Canadian shale play, combined with comprehensive injection data during a 4-month interval, shows that earthquakes are tightly clustered in space and time near hydraulic fracturing sites. The largest event [moment magnitude (MW) 3.9] occurred several weeks after injection along a fault that appears to extend from the injection zone into crystalline basement. Patterns of seismicity indicate that stress changes during operations can activate fault slip to an offset distance of >1 km, whereas pressurization by hydraulic fracturing into a fault yields episodic seismicity that can persist for months.
NISAR
Earthquake! Tracking Location and Impact from Space
NASA
National Aeronautics and Space Administration
NASA-ISRO Synthetic Aperture Radar (NISAR)
By
Dr. Pankaj Dhussa
M6.0 2004 Parkfield Earthquake : Seismic AttenuationAli Osman Öncel
HRSN isimli kuyu içi sismik istasyonlar kullanılarak, San Andreas fayı boyunca meydana gelen büyük depremler öncesi sismik azalımın varlığının olup olmadığı araştırılıyor.
A 4.7 magnitude earthquake occurred in Arkansas on February 28, 2011 at 5:00:50 UTC at a depth of 3.8km. The earthquake was felt over a wide area with an estimated intensity of 5.0 on the Modified Mercalli scale. The earthquake was likely caused by ancient faults in the region becoming active again, possibly due to underground injection of wastewater from fracking operations. While the earthquake was relatively small, it was felt in several cities across Arkansas.
1. The document discusses sismology in real-time and the information that is available shortly after an earthquake occurs, such as hypocenter location, magnitude, and shakemaps.
2. It also discusses how data from global and regional networks can be used to rapidly estimate earthquake impacts and provide early warnings.
3. Citizen seismology networks are mentioned as a way to collect additional data through surveys and social media posts to further the science of earthquake monitoring and early detection.
Avoiding “Surprises” in Seismic Hazard Mapping - Art FrankelEERI
1) Using paleoseismology, geologic slip rates, and logic trees, the USGS National Seismic Hazard Maps avoid "surprises" by incorporating long-term earthquake data beyond the historical record.
2) 3D ground motion simulations in Seattle account for basin effects and rupture directivity, identifying higher hazards than 2D models.
3) The maps are regularly updated using the best available science to provide seismic hazard information for building codes and risk management.
X-Ray-luminous Supernovae: Threats to Terrestrial BiospheresSérgio Sacani
The spectacular outbursts of energy associated with supernovae (SNe) have long motivated research into their
potentially hazardous effects on Earth and analogous environments. Much of this research has focused primarily on
the atmospheric damage associated with the prompt arrival of ionizing photons within days or months of the initial
outburst, and the high-energy cosmic rays that arrive thousands of years after the explosion. In this study, we turn
the focus to persistent X-ray emission, arising in certain SNe that have interactions with a dense circumstellar
medium and observed months and/or years after the initial outburst. The sustained high X-ray luminosity leads to
large doses of ionizing radiation out to formidable distances. We assess the threat posed by these X-ray-luminous
SNe for Earth-like planetary atmospheres; our results are rooted in the X-ray SN observations from Chandra, Swift-
XRT, XMM-Newton, NuSTAR, and others. We find that this threat is particularly acute for SNe showing evidence
of strong circumstellar interaction, such as Type IIn explosions, which have significantly larger ranges of influence
than previously expected and lethal consequences up to ∼50 pc away. Furthermore, X-ray-bright SNe could pose a
substantial and distinct threat to terrestrial biospheres and tighten the Galactic habitable zone. We urge follow-up
X-ray observations of interacting SNe for months and years after the explosion to shed light on the physical nature
and full-time evolution of the emission and to clarify the danger that these events pose for life in our galaxy and
other star-forming regions.
This problem represents an interesting opportunity for scientists and statisticians to collaborate since the problem is too big for either community. The science is not well established, although fairly sophisticated ice flow models exist. They are even becoming relevant to explain some of the complexity seen in observational data. At the same time, the complex phenomena we see in observations may not be particularly relevant to assessing the risks of significant increases in sea level rise over the near future. The talk will review what we have learned about this problem through the PISCEES SciDAC project. This problem is rich with challenges and opportunities, particularly for realigning how our two communities engage each other. The talk will review the computational, scientific, and mathematical "reality checks" that might stop any reasonable person from considering this topic further. I then will point out how each of these challenges could be mitigated if these different perspectives were better integrated.
Caltech researchers have found that fault segments previously thought to be stable and stop large earthquakes can actually participate in major quakes. Through modeling based on lab data of rock properties, they showed these creeping faults may weaken and join larger ruptures. This could mean seismic hazards are underestimated as quakes may be much larger than expected, such as a major San Andreas event involving both LA and SF. The models were able to reproduce the unexpected 2011 Tohoku quake size, suggesting it involved areas thought to be creeping.
- Earthquakes are caused by the accumulation of strain along faults until rupture occurs, releasing seismic waves.
- Their magnitude is measured using different scales based on the amplitude and period of seismic waves or the rupture area and displacement.
- Recurrence refers to the frequency of earthquakes in a given area, which can be estimated from historical records and geology.
- While prediction of individual quakes remains difficult, hazards can be assessed through evaluating faults, recurrence, and the effects of local geology on shaking intensity. Preparedness involves building design, codes, and public education.
- Earthquakes are caused by the accumulation of strain along faults until rupture occurs, releasing seismic waves.
- Their magnitude is measured using different scales based on the amplitude and period of seismic waves or the rupture area and displacement.
- Recurrence refers to the frequency of earthquakes in a given area, which can be estimated from historical records and geology.
- While prediction of individual quakes remains difficult, hazards can be assessed through evaluating faults, recurrence, and the effects of local geology on shaking intensity. Preparedness involves building design, codes, and public education.
- Earthquakes are caused by the accumulation of strain along faults until rupture occurs, releasing seismic waves.
- Their magnitude is measured using different scales based on the amplitude and period of seismic waves or the rupture area and displacement.
- Recurrence refers to the frequency of earthquakes in a given area, which can be estimated from historical records and geology.
- While prediction of individual quakes remains difficult, hazards can be assessed through evaluating faults, recurrence, and the effects of local geology on shaking intensity. Preparedness involves building design, codes, and public education.
- Earthquakes are caused by the accumulation of strain along faults until rupture occurs, releasing seismic waves.
- Their magnitude is measured using different scales based on the amplitude and period of seismic waves or the rupture area and displacement.
- Recurrence refers to the frequency of earthquakes in a given area, which can be estimated from historical records and geology.
- While prediction of individual quakes remains difficult, hazards can be assessed through evaluating faults, recurrence, and the effects of local geology on shaking intensity. Preparedness involves building design, codes, and public education.
Earthquakes AND ITS EFFECTS1111111111111111111111111sanketsanghai
- Earthquakes are caused by the accumulation of strain along faults until rupture occurs, releasing seismic waves.
- Their magnitude is measured using different scales based on the amplitude and period of seismic waves or the rupture area and displacement.
- Recurrence refers to the frequency of earthquakes in a given area, which can be estimated from historical records and geology.
- While prediction of individual quakes remains difficult, hazards can be assessed through evaluating faults, recurrence, and the effects of local geology on shaking intensity. Preparedness involves building design, codes, and public education.
- Earthquakes are caused by the accumulation of strain along faults until rupture occurs, releasing seismic waves.
- Their magnitude is measured using different scales based on the amplitude and period of seismic waves or the rupture area and displacement.
- Recurrence refers to the frequency of earthquakes in a given area, which can be estimated from historical records and geology.
- While prediction of individual quakes remains difficult, hazards can be assessed through evaluating faults, recurrence, and the effects of local geology on shaking intensity. Preparedness involves building design, codes, and public education.
- Earthquakes are caused by the accumulation of strain along faults until rupture occurs, releasing energy as seismic waves.
- Their magnitude is measured using different scales based on the amplitude and period of seismic waves or the rupture area and displacement.
- Geography of earthquakes is influenced by tectonic plate boundaries and fault zones.
- Seismic hazards include shaking, liquefaction, landslides and tsunamis.
Similar to Interevent triggering induced by wastewater injection in Oklahoma and southern Kansas (20)
Prediction of Electrical Energy Efficiency Using Information on Consumer's Ac...PriyankaKilaniya
Energy efficiency has been important since the latter part of the last century. The main object of this survey is to determine the energy efficiency knowledge among consumers. Two separate districts in Bangladesh are selected to conduct the survey on households and showrooms about the energy and seller also. The survey uses the data to find some regression equations from which it is easy to predict energy efficiency knowledge. The data is analyzed and calculated based on five important criteria. The initial target was to find some factors that help predict a person's energy efficiency knowledge. From the survey, it is found that the energy efficiency awareness among the people of our country is very low. Relationships between household energy use behaviors are estimated using a unique dataset of about 40 households and 20 showrooms in Bangladesh's Chapainawabganj and Bagerhat districts. Knowledge of energy consumption and energy efficiency technology options is found to be associated with household use of energy conservation practices. Household characteristics also influence household energy use behavior. Younger household cohorts are more likely to adopt energy-efficient technologies and energy conservation practices and place primary importance on energy saving for environmental reasons. Education also influences attitudes toward energy conservation in Bangladesh. Low-education households indicate they primarily save electricity for the environment while high-education households indicate they are motivated by environmental concerns.
Supermarket Management System Project Report.pdfKamal Acharya
Supermarket management is a stand-alone J2EE using Eclipse Juno program.
This project contains all the necessary required information about maintaining
the supermarket billing system.
The core idea of this project to minimize the paper work and centralize the
data. Here all the communication is taken in secure manner. That is, in this
application the information will be stored in client itself. For further security the
data base is stored in the back-end oracle and so no intruders can access it.
Digital Twins Computer Networking Paper Presentation.pptxaryanpankaj78
A Digital Twin in computer networking is a virtual representation of a physical network, used to simulate, analyze, and optimize network performance and reliability. It leverages real-time data to enhance network management, predict issues, and improve decision-making processes.
Sri Guru Hargobind Ji - Bandi Chor Guru.pdfBalvir Singh
Sri Guru Hargobind Ji (19 June 1595 - 3 March 1644) is revered as the Sixth Nanak.
• On 25 May 1606 Guru Arjan nominated his son Sri Hargobind Ji as his successor. Shortly
afterwards, Guru Arjan was arrested, tortured and killed by order of the Mogul Emperor
Jahangir.
• Guru Hargobind's succession ceremony took place on 24 June 1606. He was barely
eleven years old when he became 6th Guru.
• As ordered by Guru Arjan Dev Ji, he put on two swords, one indicated his spiritual
authority (PIRI) and the other, his temporal authority (MIRI). He thus for the first time
initiated military tradition in the Sikh faith to resist religious persecution, protect
people’s freedom and independence to practice religion by choice. He transformed
Sikhs to be Saints and Soldier.
• He had a long tenure as Guru, lasting 37 years, 9 months and 3 days
Tools & Techniques for Commissioning and Maintaining PV Systems W-Animations ...Transcat
Join us for this solutions-based webinar on the tools and techniques for commissioning and maintaining PV Systems. In this session, we'll review the process of building and maintaining a solar array, starting with installation and commissioning, then reviewing operations and maintenance of the system. This course will review insulation resistance testing, I-V curve testing, earth-bond continuity, ground resistance testing, performance tests, visual inspections, ground and arc fault testing procedures, and power quality analysis.
Fluke Solar Application Specialist Will White is presenting on this engaging topic:
Will has worked in the renewable energy industry since 2005, first as an installer for a small east coast solar integrator before adding sales, design, and project management to his skillset. In 2022, Will joined Fluke as a solar application specialist, where he supports their renewable energy testing equipment like IV-curve tracers, electrical meters, and thermal imaging cameras. Experienced in wind power, solar thermal, energy storage, and all scales of PV, Will has primarily focused on residential and small commercial systems. He is passionate about implementing high-quality, code-compliant installation techniques.
Accident detection system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
The Rapid growth of technology and infrastructure has made our lives easier. The
advent of technology has also increased the traffic hazards and the road accidents take place
frequently which causes huge loss of life and property because of the poor emergency facilities.
Many lives could have been saved if emergency service could get accident information and
reach in time. Our project will provide an optimum solution to this draw back. A piezo electric
sensor can be used as a crash or rollover detector of the vehicle during and after a crash. With
signals from a piezo electric sensor, a severe accident can be recognized. According to this
project when a vehicle meets with an accident immediately piezo electric sensor will detect the
signal or if a car rolls over. Then with the help of GSM module and GPS module, the location
will be sent to the emergency contact. Then after conforming the location necessary action will
be taken. If the person meets with a small accident or if there is no serious threat to anyone’s
life, then the alert message can be terminated by the driver by a switch provided in order to
avoid wasting the valuable time of the medical rescue team.
Impartiality as per ISO /IEC 17025:2017 StandardMuhammadJazib15
This document provides basic guidelines for imparitallity requirement of ISO 17025. It defines in detial how it is met and wiudhwdih jdhsjdhwudjwkdbjwkdddddddddddkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwioiiiiiiiiiiiii uwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwhe wiqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqq gbbbbbbbbbbbbb owdjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjj widhi owqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqq uwdhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhwqiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiw0pooooojjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjj whhhhhhhhhhh wheeeeeeee wihieiiiiii wihe
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Blood finder application project report (1).pdfKamal Acharya
Blood Finder is an emergency time app where a user can search for the blood banks as
well as the registered blood donors around Mumbai. This application also provide an
opportunity for the user of this application to become a registered donor for this user have
to enroll for the donor request from the application itself. If the admin wish to make user
a registered donor, with some of the formalities with the organization it can be done.
Specialization of this application is that the user will not have to register on sign-in for
searching the blood banks and blood donors it can be just done by installing the
application to the mobile.
The purpose of making this application is to save the user’s time for searching blood of
needed blood group during the time of the emergency.
This is an android application developed in Java and XML with the connectivity of
SQLite database. This application will provide most of basic functionality required for an
emergency time application. All the details of Blood banks and Blood donors are stored
in the database i.e. SQLite.
This application allowed the user to get all the information regarding blood banks and
blood donors such as Name, Number, Address, Blood Group, rather than searching it on
the different websites and wasting the precious time. This application is effective and
user friendly.
Build the Next Generation of Apps with the Einstein 1 Platform.
Rejoignez Philippe Ozil pour une session de workshops qui vous guidera à travers les détails de la plateforme Einstein 1, l'importance des données pour la création d'applications d'intelligence artificielle et les différents outils et technologies que Salesforce propose pour vous apporter tous les bénéfices de l'IA.
Applications of artificial Intelligence in Mechanical Engineering.pdfAtif Razi
Historically, mechanical engineering has relied heavily on human expertise and empirical methods to solve complex problems. With the introduction of computer-aided design (CAD) and finite element analysis (FEA), the field took its first steps towards digitization. These tools allowed engineers to simulate and analyze mechanical systems with greater accuracy and efficiency. However, the sheer volume of data generated by modern engineering systems and the increasing complexity of these systems have necessitated more advanced analytical tools, paving the way for AI.
AI offers the capability to process vast amounts of data, identify patterns, and make predictions with a level of speed and accuracy unattainable by traditional methods. This has profound implications for mechanical engineering, enabling more efficient design processes, predictive maintenance strategies, and optimized manufacturing operations. AI-driven tools can learn from historical data, adapt to new information, and continuously improve their performance, making them invaluable in tackling the multifaceted challenges of modern mechanical engineering.
This presentation is about Food Delivery Systems and how they are developed using the Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC) and other methods. It explains the steps involved in creating a food delivery app, from planning and designing to testing and launching. The slide also covers different tools and technologies used to make these systems work efficiently.
Levelised Cost of Hydrogen (LCOH) Calculator ManualMassimo Talia
The aim of this manual is to explain the
methodology behind the Levelized Cost of
Hydrogen (LCOH) calculator. Moreover, this
manual also demonstrates how the calculator
can be used for estimating the expenses associated with hydrogen production in Europe
using low-temperature electrolysis considering different sources of electricity
5. 5
Earthquake-earthquake Triggering
Stacked instantaneous
rates: aftershocks
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
FS AS
〈ρ〉
Hoadley
FS AS
Horn-River
0
0.25
0.5
0.75
1
FS AS FS AS FS AS
〈ρ〉
AS1 BS2
BS4
Maghsoudi et al. (2018)
Our focus:
spatial features of triggering cascades
Tectonic Vs. Induced
6. 6
Declustering Method
Poisson Process With
Gutenberg-Richter Rate
earthquake : tj,~rj, mj
ose events with ti < tj
|~ri ~rj|df
tij 10 bmi
n⇤
ij = min{nij}
⌧⇤
ij
.
= t⇤
ij10 b
mi
2
r⇤
ij
.
= r⇤
ij10 b
mi
2
nij = ⇥ |~ri ~rj|df
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.
= c ⇥ 10 b(mi mc)
<latexit sha1_base64="gTSylbbgrMa1lGYJDPqiWbyZ448=">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</latexit><latexit sha1_base64="gTSylbbgrMa1lGYJDPqiWbyZ448=">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</latexit><latexit sha1_base64="gTSylbbgrMa1lGYJDPqiWbyZ448=">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</latexit><latexit sha1_base64="gTSylbbgrMa1lGYJDPqiWbyZ448=">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</latexit>
Fractal Dimension
1.3 < df < 1.5<latexit sha1_base64="Vy2g97mHCUEprZMr7oGO68uTUIQ=">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</latexit><latexit sha1_base64="Vy2g97mHCUEprZMr7oGO68uTUIQ=">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</latexit><latexit sha1_base64="Vy2g97mHCUEprZMr7oGO68uTUIQ=">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</latexit><latexit sha1_base64="Vy2g97mHCUEprZMr7oGO68uTUIQ=">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</latexit>
Magnitude of
Completeness
mc = 2.8<latexit sha1_base64="G6xQrQ46Lt2ZPQBaExpvSh4QCBI=">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</latexit><latexit sha1_base64="G6xQrQ46Lt2ZPQBaExpvSh4QCBI=">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</latexit><latexit sha1_base64="G6xQrQ46Lt2ZPQBaExpvSh4QCBI=">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</latexit><latexit sha1_base64="G6xQrQ46Lt2ZPQBaExpvSh4QCBI=">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</latexit>
Zaliapin et al. (2008),
Zaliapin & Ben-Zion (2013),
Gu et al. (2013)
j
i0
i1
i2
ni0 j
<latexit
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<latexit
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<latexit
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<latexit
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ni1j<latexit sha1_base64="W086uoUBAQIIvHo0KTlgnbBIgJ0=">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</latexit><latexit sha1_base64="W086uoUBAQIIvHo0KTlgnbBIgJ0=">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</latexit><latexit sha1_base64="W086uoUBAQIIvHo0KTlgnbBIgJ0=">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</latexit><latexit sha1_base64="W086uoUBAQIIvHo0KTlgnbBIgJ0=">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</latexit>
ni2j<latexit
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<latexit
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<latexit
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Relocated Catalog:
Schoenball & Ellsworth (2017)
b-value
b = 1.65<latexit sha1_base64="igDkx65soog27f5M8HGCtcx74g4=">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</latexit><latexit sha1_base64="igDkx65soog27f5M8HGCtcx74g4=">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</latexit><latexit sha1_base64="igDkx65soog27f5M8HGCtcx74g4=">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</latexit><latexit sha1_base64="igDkx65soog27f5M8HGCtcx74g4=">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</latexit>
7. 7
Suitable Null Model Of
Uncorrelated Events
Declustering Method
Scaled Time
ScaledDistance Density Plots
Scaled Time
Actual Data Shuffled Data
8. 8
Suitable Null Model Of
Uncorrelated Events
Declustering Method
Scaled Time
ScaledDistance
Background
Triggered
Density Plots
Background
Scaled Time
Actual Data Shuffled Data
22. 22
Ongoing Work
Why important: implications for
hazard assesment
Epidemic‐Type Aftershock Sequence (ETAS)
Model (Llenos and Michael, AGU, 2016)
use empirical relations
run your model
forcast future!
CAL PROPERTIES OF AFTERSHOCKS
ng rela-
by the
nificant
apin et
s j with
onsider
vents in
nted in
choice
ructure
2013].
mber of
ificant.
e k and
city in
depend on space and time such that the ETAS model falls
into the class of nonhomogeneous spatiotemporal Poisson
processes. The overall rate of activity is given by
(Er, t) = b(Er) +
X
tiÄt
mi (t – ti,Er – Eri), (3)
where ti, Eri, and mi refer to the time, location, and magnitude
of earthquake i, respectively. mi
(t – ti,Er – Eri) describes
the occurrence rate of earthquakes triggered by event i,
while b(Er) is the spatially varying background activity. For
the ETAS model, the occurrence rate is defined as
mi (t – ti,Er – Eri) = (mi)‰(t – ti)ˆmi (Er – Eri), (4)
(t ti) p
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|~r ~ri| v
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