This document discusses different approaches and models of intercultural communication (ICC). It describes Baldwin's model of ICC, which examines communication along three dimensions: interpersonal, intergroup, and intercultural. It also outlines Gudykunst's approach, which identifies four filters that influence communication: cultural, sociocultural, psychocultural, and environmental. Finally, it summarizes Samovar and Porter's model, which notes that cultures vary in their differences, individuals are not representatives of entire cultures, and culture shapes message processing and creation.

1. SHM1023
Intercultural
Communication
G l o b a l i s i n g t o d a y ’s t e a c h i n g p r o f e s s i o n a l s

2. Week 2:
Forms and
Models
of
ICC

3. Approaches to IC
Communication
Approach 1
©“model” of communication
© a visual representation of
a process

4. Approaches to IC
Communication
Approach 2
© a framework of concepts
© understand a communication
episode

5. Why Models
• Descriptive function
– visual representation
• Summarizing research in an area
• Troubleshooting function
- communication breakdown
/analysis

6. I. Baldwin’s Model of ICC

7. High
High
Inter Intercultural
group
High
Interpersonal

8. Interpersonal dimension
©Communicating with people
based on our personal
understanding of them.

9. Interpersonal dimension
© According to Miller and
Steinberg:
demographic predictions
sociological predictions
personal predictions

10. Intergroup dimension
© The degree to which we see
people in terms of groups.
© Social identity theory
We see ourselves and others
in terms of the groups which
we belong to.

11. Intergroup dimension
© This dimension is related not
only to group perception, but
also to stereotypes and
prejudices.

12. Intercultural dimension
© Real cultural differences which
can range from minimal to very
great.
© Perception of difference is 2nd
dimension; but real differences are
the 3rd dimension.

13. Strength
© Distinguish between
group belonging and real
cultural differences.

14. Strength
© Some combinations that might
be problematic are if you and I are
high on intergroup perception (we
think we are different) but on the
intercultural dimension, we are
actually low. In this case, we are
not really interacting with each
other, but with our stereotypes of
each other’s group.

15. Strength
© We might look alike, even be from
the same country or racial/ethnic
group, so we see ourselves low on
the intergroup dimension, but
because of urban/rural or family
culture differences, we are actually
high on the intercultural
dimension.

16. Strength
© In this case, because we
don’t expect cultural
differences, we would blame
communication problems
just on personal traits and
behaviours.

17. Limitation
•A limitation of this
definition is that it does
not include context
(see, Gudykunst & Kim
model, below).

18. Gudykunst’s Approach

19. Environmental Influences
•
Sending
Receiving

20. The Four Filters.
• Cultural
- shared perception or
frameworks of thought
• Sociocultural - group identity
• Psychocultural - individual mind
• Environmental - context

21. Values
Norms Beliefs
CULTURAL
World
Rules View

22. Sociocultural
Roles Social
identities

23. Psychocultural
Prejudice,
Uncertainty,
stereotypes
anxiety
Mood,
attitude,
perception

24. Environmental
Situation/
location
Interaction
potential
Geography/
climate

25. Samovar & Porter ’s Model

26. Cultures vary in how different
they are from each other
Individuals are not the
same as cultures
Cultures and perception
shape the way we process
and create messages.

27. 3 Points
Cultures vary in how different they are
from each other
Individuals are not the same as
cultures
Cultures and perception shape the way
we process and create messages.

28. 3 Points
Cultures vary in how different they are
from each other
Individuals are not the same as
cultures
Cultures and perception shape the way
we process and create messages.

29. Thank
you.
Good communication is as stimulating
as black coffee, and just as hard to sleep after.
~ Anne Morrow Lindbergh