intercultural communication and Pakistan- kiran nazir

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and
PAKISTAN
Intercultural
communication

2. Presented to:
Prof. Faiza
Presented by:
Kiran Nazir
University of Lahore, Chenab Campus, Gujrat.

3. Intercultural communication
• Intercultural communication studies often
focus on how cultural groups differ from one
another.
• Intercultural communication has been
defined in many ways- from a pattern of
perceptions that influence communication to a
site of contestation and conflict.

4. Conti….
• Muslims differ from Christians;
Japanese differ from U.S. American
; men differ from women;
environmentalists differ from
conservationists; pro-lifers differ
from pro-choicers; old differ from
young, and on and on. (Gudykunst
)

5. What is Culture?
• “That complex which include
knowledge, belief, art, morals,
law, custom and any other
capabilities and habits acquired
by man as a member of society
” (Edward Tylor)

6. Pakistani culture
• The society and culture of Pakistan
comprises numerous ethnic groups:
the Punjabis, Kashmiris, Sindhis in
east, Muhajirs, Makrani in the south
; Baloch, Hazaras and Pashtuns in the
west; and the Dards, Wakhi, Baltis a
and Burusho communities in the
north. There are differences among
the ethnic groups in cultural aspects
such as dress, food, and religion,
especially where Christian customs
differ from Islamic practices.

7. Conti….

8. Pakistan and intercultural communication
• Pakistan is promoting intercultural communication in
many ways. The culture of Pakistan is being promoted
worldwide. And Pakistan is also taking influence and
promoting intercultural and cross-cultural communication
. But at the same time there are also some barriers in this
intercultural communication that are effecting the
communication.

9. Factors that effect intercultural communication
When we communicate with people from other cult
ures, we may not recognize the many factors that
effect our communication.
• Mass media
• Intercultural contact
• Language barriers
• Assumptions
• Stereotypes

10. Mass media
• Media in the form of television,
radio, newspaper, songs, music
and the internet, all play an
important role in helping us to
form our own opinions, make
judgments and influence our
perceptions and therefore our
communication with individuals
and groups of people.

11. Conti…..
• Pakistan is also under the effect
of mass media in the field of
intercultural communication.
Pakistanis are forming their
opinions and perceptions about
others and at the same time
using media to form opinions and
perceptions about their own
selves among other nations.

12. Examples…
• Tokyo is the richest city of the
world.
• Pakistan’s northern areas are
rich which natural beauty.

13. Intercultural contact
• Intercultural contact is when two or
more people from different cultural
backgrounds have social, economic,
or political exchange with one
another in a contact zone. Mary
Louise Pratt, author of "Arts of the
Contact Zone" says that contact
zones are “social spaces where
cultures meet, clash, and grapple with
each other, often in contexts of highly
asymmetrical relations of power.”

14. Conti….
• This contact may occur in a everyday encounter between
individuals in line at the supermarket, in an intimate
relationship between lovers, or between two individuals at
either end of a supply chain. Contact does not have to be
in-person, it does not have to be between equals, and it
does not have to move beyond the superficial. However, a
context which provides an opportunity for these
conditions is much more likely to result in positive
outcomes for both individuals involved.

15. Conti…..
• Thousands of Pakistanis go to abroad
cities for business, studies, visit, to settle
down or any other purposes. In this way
they promote their culture in other
cultures and also welcome their norms
and believes. There are also many
Pakistanis who have settled in other
countries and made a third community.

16. Conti…
• In Pakistan, the most popular
example of intercultural
contact is the visitors who visit
Pakistan due to the extreme
natural beauty of Pakistan,
especially the beauty of
northern areas.

17. Language barriers
• Difference in Language.
Difference in language is the
most obvious barrier to
communication as two people
speaking two different
languages cannot
communicate with each other.

18. Example..
• For example, a Pakistani goes to China. The
person does not understand Chinese and most
people in China do not understand Urdu. So,
when the person speaks, the communication is
worthless as the other Chinese person doesn’t
understand it.

19. Conti…
• Erroneous inferences may be
made purely because of one’s
partial understanding of the
message sent. For example, face
covering Islamic clothing,
popularly described as the hijab
and the burqa and hijab have
become a controversial political
issue in western Europe, New
Zealand and Australia.

20. Assumptions
• Making assumptions about the other party
and misinterpreting each other’s motives
can be another factor facting intercultural
communication.

21. • For example, Pakistanis are often
considered as terrorists in other
countries and their communication
with people of other countries and
cultures is effected due to this
assumption.

22. Stereotypes
• Whitley and kite defines stereotypes “as believes,
and opinions about the characteristics, attitudes
and behaviors of members of various groups”
• Thus , a stereotype is a standardized mental picture
held in common by individuals of a social group
based on over simplified opinion and incorrect and
uncritical judgment.

23. Stereotypes in Pakistan

24. Stereotype about Pakistan (in other countries)

25. Stereotypes about other nations
(in Pakistan)
British Liberal, broken families, drinkers
Chinese Short height, hospitable
Arabs Luxurious, foodie, 2,3 marriages

26. Improving intercultural communication
• Study other cultures and languages
• Respect communication styles
• Speak and write carefully
• Listen carefully to others
• Help others to adapt your culture

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Conclusion

29. Assumptions