Howard Gardner proposed the theory of multiple intelligences which challenges the traditional view of intelligence as a single general ability. The theory identifies eight distinct types of intelligence: linguistic, logical-mathematical, spatial, bodily-kinesthetic, musical, interpersonal, intrapersonal, and naturalistic. Gardner's work revolutionized how intelligence is understood and measured.
Robert Sternberg proposed a triarchic theory of intelligence that sees intelligence as involving three aspects: analytical, creative, and practical abilities. He also developed theories of thinking styles and wisdom. Sternberg identified four forms of thinking styles - monarchic, hierarchic, anarchic, and oligarchic - based on how goals and tasks are prioritized.
Slideshow is from the University of Michigan Medical
School's M2 Psychiatry sequence
View additional course materials on Open.Michigan: openmi.ch/med-M2Psych
Slideshow is from the University of Michigan Medical
School's M2 Psychiatry sequence
View additional course materials on Open.Michigan: openmi.ch/med-M2Psych
The learning styles revelation - research from cognitive scienceJolly Holden
As the learning style debate continues, recent research casts doubt of their efficacy in predicting learning outcomes. This presentation presents the evidence based upon research, as well as introducing the cognitive information procession model and its implications for designing multimedia instruction.
Personality is just one of many factors that guide our behavior. Our actions are also influenced by Our environment, Our experiences, and Our individual goals.
16 personality types are based on five independent spectrums, with all letters in the type code (e.g. INFJ-A) referring to one of the two sides of the corresponding spectrum. You can see where you fall on each scale by completing free personality assessment, NERIS Type Explorer®. This approach has allowed one to achieve high test accuracy while also retaining the ability to define and describe distinct personality types.
These slides are for the first week class where we go through the course outline, and introduce the idea of Critical Thinking within University Education.
Page 1 Last updated 6232016 PSYCHOLOGY TOPIC LIST .docxmosyrettcc
Page 1 Last updated 6/23/2016
PSYCHOLOGY TOPIC LIST
INSTRUCTIONS: Browse topics below.
Understand that many of the topics listed below are very broad. You will have to decide how to narrow your broad
topic.
For example, if I choose “Alzheimer’s Disease”, that is very broad and I will probably find thousands of scientific journal
articles. But if I narrow it down to “the effect of exercise on Alzheimer’s Disease prevention”, I will probably find a more
manageable number of articles.
You are not limited to this list and may think of a topic not listed here.
__________________________________________________________________
Intro & Research Methodology
Placebo Effect
Fields of study in Psychology… (**Note: the fields of study are very broad and you need to think about what you want to
look for in the research within these fields before picking one of these topics)
o Sports psychology
o Industrial Organizational Psychology
o Educational Psychology
o School Psychology
o Clinical Psychology
o Forensic Psychology
o Social Psychology
o Cultural Psychology
Neuroscience
Brain implants (example: chips to prevent epilepsy)
Brain pathways, cellular communication
Brain Plasticity
Split Brain Operation
Huntington’s Disease
Hormones and behavior
Biology of criminal
Neurogenesis
Neuropeptide Y, survival and stress (related also to PTSD), resilience
Neurotransmitters and obesity
Parkinson’s Disease
Sensation & Perception
Sensory prosthetics
Phantom Limb & mirror box
Visualization as good as practice?
EMDR (Eye Movement Desensitization)
Page 2 Last updated 6/23/2016
Consciousness
Hypnosis / Self-Hypnosis
Sleep Disorders
Narcolepsy
REM Sleep Behavior disorder
Nightmares and PTSD
Sleep Apnea
Learning
Classical Condition & everyday life
Operant Conditioning
Observational Learning (Bandura)
o Celebrities – do they affect our children
Memory
Amnesia
Cognition
IQ
o and “brain training”
Language
o learning a language/brain areas involved
o language development in infancy
Standardized testing
Mental Retardation
Multitasking /psychology
Development
Abortion – are there long term affects
Attachment theory
Aging
o Alzheimer’s/Dementia (quality of life issues)
o Aging and Emotional Changes
o Aging and Cognitive Changes
o Elder Abuse
o Hospice
o Aging and Social Relationships
Antidepressants and Pregnancy
Adolescents and behavior
Birth Order
Breastfeeding benefits
Caring for the caretakers
Bullying
o Causes/
Solution
s?
o Bullying Victim
Education
o Special Education
o Mainstreaming
o Montessori Method
o Retention in College – how can we achieve it?
Teasing/Bullying
o Cyber bullying
o Workplace bullying
o Playground/face to face bullying
Page 3 Last updated 6/23/2016
Temperaments
Teratogens in pregnancy/embr.
NATIONAL FORUM JOURNALS (Founded 1982 (www.nationalforum.com) is a group of national and international refereed journals. NFJ publishes articles on colleges, universities and schools; management, business and administration; academic scholarship, multicultural issues; schooling; special education; counseling and addiction, international issues; education; organizational theory and behavior; educational leadership and supervision; action and applied research; teacher education; race, gender, society; public school law; philosophy and history; psychology, and much more. Dr. William Allan Kritsonis, Editor-in-Chief.
1. Teachers´Knowledge: What do we value?
2. Six Principles from Mind, Brain and Education Science and how this should impact teaching
3. Four Big Ideas for the Future
Connections: The Learning Sciences Platform integrates a humane approach in the educational processes through creative initiatives using an interdisciplinary and international perspective.
Connections work is focus on:
- Educational Support “in situ”
- Professional Development
- Educational Research
- Promotion of free resources to improve the learning sciences
Visit our social networks
- Website: http://thelearningsciences.com
- Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/connectionstlsp/
- Instagram: ConexionesPCA2017
- Slideshare: https://www.slideshare.net/Lascienciasdelaprendizaje
- YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCyUDsQmjsiJl8T2w5-EF78g
- Linkedin: https://www.linkedin.com/company-beta/16212567/
Contact us:
E-mail: info@thelearningsciences.com
Mobile: +593 995 615 247
Business Research Methods and Tools Week 3 Survey res.docxRAHUL126667
Business Research Methods and Tools
Week 3: Survey research and secondary data analysis research
Surveys
Surveys can be an effective way to gather opinions and reactions from stakeholders such as your
customers. Surveys work best when you want small amounts of information from relatively large
numbers of people. People don’t finish long surveys very frequently; they might give you 5
minutes of their time, but maybe not 15 minutes. Some researchers like to use open-ended
questions in a survey such as “Do you like Pepsi or Coke better?” but these questions can be
difficult for people to answer without prompts or assistance from another person. It might be
easier for them to answer a question such as, “On a scale of 1 to 5, with 1 meaning you hate it
and 5 meaning you love it, what do you think about Pepsi?”
Surveys require caution precisely because they (typically) involve people sharing their thoughts,
ideas, beliefs, behaviors, and so on. People are not always honest when they talk about
themselves, and they present bias in their own presentations for many reasons. For example, the
survey is about opinions involving Pepsi and Coke, people may not want to admit that they really
like either one, because they know they should be more health-conscious, and therefore might
feel guilty about liking either one of them too much.
Surveys can be conducted in many ways: in person, through the mail, over the phone, or online.
The popularity of online surveys has expanded significantly in recent years. Often, when you buy
something at a store or a restaurant, the receipt provides a website address for an online survey to
fill out. The invitation will typically include an incentive, such as a chance to win a $1000 gift
card at the store, if you complete the survey. Incentives can be useful, but they can also damage
your results, because people might fill out the survey without providing thoughtful answers just
so they can receive the incentive.
Secondary data analysis
Secondary data analysis can be a very effective method of research. Secondary data is data that
somebody else has already collected. In secondary analysis, you look at that previously collected
data and do your own analysis on it. For example, let us imagine that you want to open a pizza
chain franchise, and you are trying to decide where to put it. In this case, surveying potential
customers might not be the most efficient option. You might consider analyzing secondary data
instead, such as customers’ addresses from other franchises in the chain or census data that
would tell you where recent population increases have taken place. Other people have already
collected and analyzed this data, and you are not collecting it again, but you are analyzing it to
answer your own research questions.
When performing secondary data analysis, it is important to make sure that the data you are
using is appropriate for your questio ...
Overview Write 5–6 pages in which you discuss practical ways to .docxalfred4lewis58146
Overview
Write 5–6 pages in which you discuss practical ways to apply to your life your understanding about individual differences in learning and memory, based on three peer-reviewed research articles that help you understand individual learning differences.
In this assessment, you will be able to apply the knowledge you have gained regarding individual differences and learning and memory, in your personal or professional life.
Show More
By successfully completing this assessment, you will demonstrate your proficiency in the following course competencies and assessment criteria:
· Use information technology and tools to identify information in the domain of learning and cognition. ▪ Summarize scholarly research articles.
· Assess the important theories, paradigms, research findings, and conclusions in human learning and cognition. ▪ Apply research findings to a particular research situation.
· Analyze the research methodology and tools typically associated with the study of human learning and cognition. ▪ Describe the methods and measures used in research that seeks to understand individual learning differences.
· Apply knowledge of theory and research in learning and cognition to inform personal behavior, professional goals, and values, in order to understand social policy. ▪ Apply knowledge of theory and research in learning and cognition to inform personal and professional behavior.
· Communicate effectively in a variety of formats. ▪ Write coherently to support a central idea in appropriate APA format with correct grammar, usage, and mechanics as expected of a psychology professional. Context African explorer and geographer, meteorologist, psychologist, statistician, and geneticist Sir (knighted in 1909) Francis Galton—cousin to Charles Darwin—lived a life of extraordinary measures, literally. In Galton's biography, Extreme Measures: The Dark Visions and Bright Idea of Francis Galton , Martin Brookes (2004) writes: His measuring mind left its mark all over the scientific landscape. Explorer, inventor, meteorologist, psychologist, anthropologist and statistician, Galton was one of the great Victorian polymaths. But it was in the fledgling field of genetics that he made his most indelible impression. Galton kick-started the enduring nature-nurture debate, and took hereditary determinism to its darkest extreme. Consumed by his eugenic 1 vision, he dreamed of a future society built on a race of pure-breeding supermen. (p. 3) Show More 1 According to the Oxford American Dictionary, eugenics is the "science of improving a human population by controlled breeding to increase the occurrence of desirable heritable characteristics. Developed largely by Francis Galton as a method of improving the human race, it fell into disfavor only after the perversion of its doctrines by the Nazis."
TEMPLATE_PSYC-FP3500_00003: 2015-07-10 14:57:00.473035
As you explore this idea, consider how differences in both biology and social enviro.
The learning styles revelation - research from cognitive scienceJolly Holden
As the learning style debate continues, recent research casts doubt of their efficacy in predicting learning outcomes. This presentation presents the evidence based upon research, as well as introducing the cognitive information procession model and its implications for designing multimedia instruction.
Personality is just one of many factors that guide our behavior. Our actions are also influenced by Our environment, Our experiences, and Our individual goals.
16 personality types are based on five independent spectrums, with all letters in the type code (e.g. INFJ-A) referring to one of the two sides of the corresponding spectrum. You can see where you fall on each scale by completing free personality assessment, NERIS Type Explorer®. This approach has allowed one to achieve high test accuracy while also retaining the ability to define and describe distinct personality types.
These slides are for the first week class where we go through the course outline, and introduce the idea of Critical Thinking within University Education.
Page 1 Last updated 6232016 PSYCHOLOGY TOPIC LIST .docxmosyrettcc
Page 1 Last updated 6/23/2016
PSYCHOLOGY TOPIC LIST
INSTRUCTIONS: Browse topics below.
Understand that many of the topics listed below are very broad. You will have to decide how to narrow your broad
topic.
For example, if I choose “Alzheimer’s Disease”, that is very broad and I will probably find thousands of scientific journal
articles. But if I narrow it down to “the effect of exercise on Alzheimer’s Disease prevention”, I will probably find a more
manageable number of articles.
You are not limited to this list and may think of a topic not listed here.
__________________________________________________________________
Intro & Research Methodology
Placebo Effect
Fields of study in Psychology… (**Note: the fields of study are very broad and you need to think about what you want to
look for in the research within these fields before picking one of these topics)
o Sports psychology
o Industrial Organizational Psychology
o Educational Psychology
o School Psychology
o Clinical Psychology
o Forensic Psychology
o Social Psychology
o Cultural Psychology
Neuroscience
Brain implants (example: chips to prevent epilepsy)
Brain pathways, cellular communication
Brain Plasticity
Split Brain Operation
Huntington’s Disease
Hormones and behavior
Biology of criminal
Neurogenesis
Neuropeptide Y, survival and stress (related also to PTSD), resilience
Neurotransmitters and obesity
Parkinson’s Disease
Sensation & Perception
Sensory prosthetics
Phantom Limb & mirror box
Visualization as good as practice?
EMDR (Eye Movement Desensitization)
Page 2 Last updated 6/23/2016
Consciousness
Hypnosis / Self-Hypnosis
Sleep Disorders
Narcolepsy
REM Sleep Behavior disorder
Nightmares and PTSD
Sleep Apnea
Learning
Classical Condition & everyday life
Operant Conditioning
Observational Learning (Bandura)
o Celebrities – do they affect our children
Memory
Amnesia
Cognition
IQ
o and “brain training”
Language
o learning a language/brain areas involved
o language development in infancy
Standardized testing
Mental Retardation
Multitasking /psychology
Development
Abortion – are there long term affects
Attachment theory
Aging
o Alzheimer’s/Dementia (quality of life issues)
o Aging and Emotional Changes
o Aging and Cognitive Changes
o Elder Abuse
o Hospice
o Aging and Social Relationships
Antidepressants and Pregnancy
Adolescents and behavior
Birth Order
Breastfeeding benefits
Caring for the caretakers
Bullying
o Causes/
Solution
s?
o Bullying Victim
Education
o Special Education
o Mainstreaming
o Montessori Method
o Retention in College – how can we achieve it?
Teasing/Bullying
o Cyber bullying
o Workplace bullying
o Playground/face to face bullying
Page 3 Last updated 6/23/2016
Temperaments
Teratogens in pregnancy/embr.
NATIONAL FORUM JOURNALS (Founded 1982 (www.nationalforum.com) is a group of national and international refereed journals. NFJ publishes articles on colleges, universities and schools; management, business and administration; academic scholarship, multicultural issues; schooling; special education; counseling and addiction, international issues; education; organizational theory and behavior; educational leadership and supervision; action and applied research; teacher education; race, gender, society; public school law; philosophy and history; psychology, and much more. Dr. William Allan Kritsonis, Editor-in-Chief.
1. Teachers´Knowledge: What do we value?
2. Six Principles from Mind, Brain and Education Science and how this should impact teaching
3. Four Big Ideas for the Future
Connections: The Learning Sciences Platform integrates a humane approach in the educational processes through creative initiatives using an interdisciplinary and international perspective.
Connections work is focus on:
- Educational Support “in situ”
- Professional Development
- Educational Research
- Promotion of free resources to improve the learning sciences
Visit our social networks
- Website: http://thelearningsciences.com
- Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/connectionstlsp/
- Instagram: ConexionesPCA2017
- Slideshare: https://www.slideshare.net/Lascienciasdelaprendizaje
- YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCyUDsQmjsiJl8T2w5-EF78g
- Linkedin: https://www.linkedin.com/company-beta/16212567/
Contact us:
E-mail: info@thelearningsciences.com
Mobile: +593 995 615 247
Business Research Methods and Tools Week 3 Survey res.docxRAHUL126667
Business Research Methods and Tools
Week 3: Survey research and secondary data analysis research
Surveys
Surveys can be an effective way to gather opinions and reactions from stakeholders such as your
customers. Surveys work best when you want small amounts of information from relatively large
numbers of people. People don’t finish long surveys very frequently; they might give you 5
minutes of their time, but maybe not 15 minutes. Some researchers like to use open-ended
questions in a survey such as “Do you like Pepsi or Coke better?” but these questions can be
difficult for people to answer without prompts or assistance from another person. It might be
easier for them to answer a question such as, “On a scale of 1 to 5, with 1 meaning you hate it
and 5 meaning you love it, what do you think about Pepsi?”
Surveys require caution precisely because they (typically) involve people sharing their thoughts,
ideas, beliefs, behaviors, and so on. People are not always honest when they talk about
themselves, and they present bias in their own presentations for many reasons. For example, the
survey is about opinions involving Pepsi and Coke, people may not want to admit that they really
like either one, because they know they should be more health-conscious, and therefore might
feel guilty about liking either one of them too much.
Surveys can be conducted in many ways: in person, through the mail, over the phone, or online.
The popularity of online surveys has expanded significantly in recent years. Often, when you buy
something at a store or a restaurant, the receipt provides a website address for an online survey to
fill out. The invitation will typically include an incentive, such as a chance to win a $1000 gift
card at the store, if you complete the survey. Incentives can be useful, but they can also damage
your results, because people might fill out the survey without providing thoughtful answers just
so they can receive the incentive.
Secondary data analysis
Secondary data analysis can be a very effective method of research. Secondary data is data that
somebody else has already collected. In secondary analysis, you look at that previously collected
data and do your own analysis on it. For example, let us imagine that you want to open a pizza
chain franchise, and you are trying to decide where to put it. In this case, surveying potential
customers might not be the most efficient option. You might consider analyzing secondary data
instead, such as customers’ addresses from other franchises in the chain or census data that
would tell you where recent population increases have taken place. Other people have already
collected and analyzed this data, and you are not collecting it again, but you are analyzing it to
answer your own research questions.
When performing secondary data analysis, it is important to make sure that the data you are
using is appropriate for your questio ...
Overview Write 5–6 pages in which you discuss practical ways to .docxalfred4lewis58146
Overview
Write 5–6 pages in which you discuss practical ways to apply to your life your understanding about individual differences in learning and memory, based on three peer-reviewed research articles that help you understand individual learning differences.
In this assessment, you will be able to apply the knowledge you have gained regarding individual differences and learning and memory, in your personal or professional life.
Show More
By successfully completing this assessment, you will demonstrate your proficiency in the following course competencies and assessment criteria:
· Use information technology and tools to identify information in the domain of learning and cognition. ▪ Summarize scholarly research articles.
· Assess the important theories, paradigms, research findings, and conclusions in human learning and cognition. ▪ Apply research findings to a particular research situation.
· Analyze the research methodology and tools typically associated with the study of human learning and cognition. ▪ Describe the methods and measures used in research that seeks to understand individual learning differences.
· Apply knowledge of theory and research in learning and cognition to inform personal behavior, professional goals, and values, in order to understand social policy. ▪ Apply knowledge of theory and research in learning and cognition to inform personal and professional behavior.
· Communicate effectively in a variety of formats. ▪ Write coherently to support a central idea in appropriate APA format with correct grammar, usage, and mechanics as expected of a psychology professional. Context African explorer and geographer, meteorologist, psychologist, statistician, and geneticist Sir (knighted in 1909) Francis Galton—cousin to Charles Darwin—lived a life of extraordinary measures, literally. In Galton's biography, Extreme Measures: The Dark Visions and Bright Idea of Francis Galton , Martin Brookes (2004) writes: His measuring mind left its mark all over the scientific landscape. Explorer, inventor, meteorologist, psychologist, anthropologist and statistician, Galton was one of the great Victorian polymaths. But it was in the fledgling field of genetics that he made his most indelible impression. Galton kick-started the enduring nature-nurture debate, and took hereditary determinism to its darkest extreme. Consumed by his eugenic 1 vision, he dreamed of a future society built on a race of pure-breeding supermen. (p. 3) Show More 1 According to the Oxford American Dictionary, eugenics is the "science of improving a human population by controlled breeding to increase the occurrence of desirable heritable characteristics. Developed largely by Francis Galton as a method of improving the human race, it fell into disfavor only after the perversion of its doctrines by the Nazis."
TEMPLATE_PSYC-FP3500_00003: 2015-07-10 14:57:00.473035
As you explore this idea, consider how differences in both biology and social enviro.
COGNITIVE DISSONANCE THEORY 3
Adams, J. S., Berkowitz, L. & Hatfield, E. (1976). Equity theory: Towards the general
theory of social interaction. New York: Academic Press.
The three authors of this book consider the theory of cognitive dissonance as, one that proposes that individuals should have motivational drive that reduces dissonance by way of altering the existing forms of cognitions. They also propose that the drive should also form new consistent belief systems, or even reduce the significance of any single element of dissonance. They consider the theory as one based on the proposition that if a person has two forms of cognitions which may be inconsistent with one another, he or she will experience some pressure of a motivational state referred to as cognitive dissonance. They argue that if a person has two forms of cognitions which may be inconsistent with one another, he or she will experience some pressure of a motivational state referred to as cognitive dissonance. This pressure seeks to alter either of the dissonant cognition. This book acts a source that identifies the major propositions within which the theory lies.
Akerlof, G. A., & Dickens, W. T. (1982). Economic consequences of cognitive
Dissonance. American economic review,72(3): 307–319.
In this book, Akerlof and Dickens came up with an economic model of the phenomenon of cognitive dissonance. The two explain the phenomenon of cognitive dissonance using three simplified propositions. The first one they consider is the development of preferences of the actual state in addition to the traditional assumption over the actual state of the world; they also tend to have preferences over their own beliefs of the actual state of the world. They give an example of people believing that they are smart and compassionate. The other proposition is that people can only control their beliefs partially. They tend to belief what they choose to, if given some information. They also always chose the information to listen to. According to the authors, people prefer to think themselves as smarter, and they always tend to ignore any information that may suggest they made a wrong decision. The last proposition is that, once a particular person tends to choose his beliefs, they always persist over time.
Cooper, J. (2007). Cognitive dissonance: Fifty years of a classic theory. Los Angeles:
SAGE Publ.
In his book, Cooper identifies cognitive dissonance as one of the most influential form of theories in the field of social psychology. He considers its oldest realization as the choice induced sort of dissonance. He claims that people always tend to rationalize past choices by way of devaluing the rejected alternatives and instead upgrading the embraced ones. He refers to this process as preference spreading. He demonstrates that every study he tested suffered from a fundamental form of methodological flaw. His analysis.
Using Figure 1.2 in Ch. 1 of Exploring Research, create a flowchar.docxdickonsondorris
Using Figure 1.2 in Ch. 1 of Exploring Research, create a flowchart using Microsoft® Word or a similar program that helps you identify what research design to use for your research question.
Ch. 1 of Exploring Research The Role and Importance of Research
What you’ll Learn about in this Chapter:
· Who does research and why
· How research is defined and what some of its purposes are
· What a model of scientific inquiry is and how it guides research activities
· Some of the things that research is and some of the things that it isn’t
· What researchers do and how they do it
· The characteristics of good research
· How a method of scientific inquiry guides research activity
· The different types of research methods and examples of each
Say Hello to Research!
Walk down the hall in any building on your campus where social and behavioral science professors have their offices in such departments as psychology, education, nursing, sociology, and human development. Do you see any bearded, disheveled, white-coated men wearing rumpled pants and smoking pipes, hunched over their computers and mumbling to themselves? How about disheveled, white-coated women wearing rumpled skirts, smoking pipes, hunched over their computers, and mumbling to themselves?
Researchers hard at work? No. Stereotypes of what scientists look like and do? Yes. What you are more likely to see in the halls of your classroom building or in your adviser’s office are men and women of all ages who are hard at work. They are committed to finding the answer to just another piece of the great puzzle that helps us understand human behavior a little better than the previous generation of scientists.
Like everyone else, these people go to work in the morning, but unlike many others, these researchers have a passion for understanding what they study and for coming as close as possible to finding the “truth.” Although these truths can be elusive and sometimes even unobtainable, researchers work toward discovering them for the satisfaction of answering important questions and then using this new information to help others. Early intervention programs, treatments of psychopathology, new curricula, conflict resolution techniques, effective drug treatment programs, and even changes in policy and law have resulted from evidence collected by researchers. Although not always perfect, each little bit of evidence gained from a new study or a new idea for a study contributes to a vast legacy of knowledge for the next generation of researchers such as yourself.
You may already know and appreciate something about the world of research. The purpose of this book is to provide you with the tools you need to do even more, such as
Today, more than ever, decisions are evidence based, and what these researchers do is collect evidence that serves as a basis for informed decisions.
· develop an understanding of the research process.
· prepare yourself to conduct research of your own.
· learn how to ...
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
3. Name: Howard Earl
Gardner
Born: July 11, 1943 (age
73), Scranton,
Pennsylvania, United
States
Education: Harvard
University (1966–
1971), Harvard
College (1961–1965)
Saturday,October 15, 2016 3
4. Parents: Refugees from
Nazi Germany
Likes: Reading and
playing the piano
First course: History
then shifted to
Cognitive
Developmental
Psychology
Saturday,October 15, 2016 4
5. Spouse: EllenWinner
Wife’s Occupation:
Developmental
psychologist
Number of children:
four sons and one
grandchild
Saturday,October 15, 2016 5
6. Proposed by Howard
Gardner in 1983
Revolutionized how we
understand intelligence
The theory of multiple
intelligences challenges
the idea of a single IQ,
where human beings
have one central
"computer" where
intelligence is housed
Saturday,October 15, 2016 6
7. Gardner (1999) developed eight criteria for classifying a
behavioral or learning pattern as an intelligence as follows:
▪ The potential of isolation by brain damage, as evidenced by
individuals who have experienced brain damage by accident
or disease.
▪ An intelligence must have an evolutionary history and
evolutionary plausibility, such that it confers some survival
value for those who possess it.
▪ An intelligence must have an identifiable core operation or
set of operations
▪ An intelligence can be encoded in a symbol system, such as
language or musical notation.
Saturday,October 15, 2016 7
8. Gardner (1999) developed eight criteria for
classifying a behavioral or learning pattern as an
intelligence as follows:
▪ An intelligence has a developmental history in that individuals
must go through a process of maturing the intelligence until they
can perform a set of expert “end-state” performances.
▪ The existence of savants, prodigies, and other exceptional people
with “special abilities” supports the identification of an
intelligence.
▪ Support from experimental psychological tasks, such as transfer of
skills to new tasks, and interferences among tasks help identify
discrete intelligences.
▪ Support from psychometric findings have been used to support
the existence of multiple intelligences.
Saturday,October 15, 2016 8
9. Gardner (1999) made two fundamental
claims about multiple intelligences:
▪ That the theory accounts for the full range of human
cognition, and
▪ Each individual has a unique blend of the various
intelligences that contributes to his/her personal
predilections and abilities.
One of the main challenges for educators and
individuals is for each person to develop his/her
intelligences to the fullest.
Saturday,October 15, 2016 9
10. There are multiple types of human intelligence,
each representing different ways of processing
information:
Verbal-linguistic intelligence refers to an individual's
ability to analyze information and produce work that
involves oral and written language, such as speeches,
books, and emails.
Logical-mathematical intelligence describes the ability
to develop equations and proofs, make calculations, and
solve abstract problems.
Saturday,October 15, 2016 10
11. Visual-spatial intelligence allows people to
comprehend maps and other types of graphical
information.
Musical intelligence enables individuals to
produce and make meaning of different types of
sound.
Naturalistic intelligence refers to the ability to
identify and distinguish among different types of
plants, animals, and weather formations found in
the natural world.
Saturday,October 15, 2016 11
12. Bodily-kinesthetic intelligence entails using
one's own body to create products or solve
problems.
Interpersonal intelligence reflects an ability to
recognize and understand other people's moods,
desires, motivations, and intentions.
Intrapersonal intelligence refers to people's
ability to recognize and assess those same
characteristics within themselves.
Saturday,October 15, 2016 12
13. Spiritual Intelligence
▪ Gravitates toward religion, theology, mysticism and the
transcendent. Concern with cosmic issues, supernatural,
meaning of life's event; spends time in altered states such as
meditation, self-hypnosis, and prayer; and connects with
others in non-ordinary ways that may help and heal the
other.
Skills and Careers: Monastic lifestyles; minister; mediator,
alternative medicine, yoga and martial arts teachers,
Existential Intelligence
▪ Is concerned with ultimate issues; continuity of spirit
between lifetimes; sense of relationship with beings of other
planes and the cosmos
Skills and Careers: Examples include spiritual masters such
as Gandhi, MotherTeresa, the Dalai LamaSaturday,October 15, 2016 13
15. Born: December 8, 1949
(age 66), Newark, New
Jersey, United States
Education: Stanford
University (1975),Yale
University (1972)
He holds thirteen honorary
doctorates from two North
American, one South
American, oneAsian, and
nine European universities,
and additionally holds an
honorary professorship at
the University of
Heidelberg, in Germany.
Saturday,October 15, 2016 15
16. Among his major
contributions to psychology
are the triarchic theory of
intelligence, several
influential theories related to
creativity, wisdom, thinking
styles, love and hate
He is the author of over 1500
articles, book chapters, and
books.
A Review of General
Psychology survey, published
in 2002, ranked Sternberg as
the 60th most cited
psychologist of the 20th
century.
Saturday,October 15, 2016 16
17. Robert Sternberg is
married to Karin
Sternberg, a German
psychologist
He has a set of triplets,
consisting of a boy and
two girls.
Sternberg and his first
wife had a son and a
daughter.
Saturday,October 15, 2016 17
18. Robert J. Sternberg has articulated a model of mental self-
government that reproduces the structure of concern
under one of its facets (Sternberg, 1997). Sternberg sees
thinking style not as something that defines a person.
According to him, we all command a variety of styles.
These nevertheless do leave us with a certain style profile,
and life is better if we can find social roles to match our
profile.
In Sternberg’s schema, there are five facets of thinking
styles.Thinking styles have functions, form, levels, scope
and leanings. All can be discussed in terms of the structure
of concern, but the lowest-hanging fruit here is his
typology of the forms of thinking styles, which plainly
exhibit the four-part pattern.
Saturday,October 15, 2016 18
19. P – Monarchic Self-Government: Single-minded, driven, determined,
focused, pushes past obstacles. Expects things to be done, no ifs, ands or
buts.
A – Hierarchic Self-Government: Carefully ranks and prioritizes goals,
considers many angles before deciding, comfortable in large
organizations, except when the organization’s priorities/principles and
theirs diverge.
E – Anarchic Self-Government: A potpourri of wants, needs and goals that
nobody can figure out. Random approach to problems, rejecting systems
and constraints. Because they gather information from all over, they are
more likely to find solutions others will overlook. If they can focus their
efforts, they may succeed where all others fail.
I – OligarchicSelf-Government:Willing to focus and prioritize but torn by
several competing goals all of equal perceived importance. Feel
pressured and uncertain over what to do next and how much time to
allot to each task. Given even a minimum of guidance about the priorities
of the organization or team however, they can become as or more
productive than any of the other styles.
Sternberg, R. J. (1997). Thinking Styles.Cambridge,UK:Cambridge University Press.Saturday,October 15, 2016 19
20. Individuals with a Legislative Style:
1. Enjoy creating, formulating, and planning
for problem-solving.
2. Make their own rules
3. Prefer an independent way of doing things
4. Find original problems to solve
5. Enjoy creative and constructive activities
such as writing, project design, and creating
new systems in fields such as business and
education.
Saturday,October 15, 2016 20
21. Individuals with an Executive Style:
1. Implementers
2.Work well with rules and pre-existing
systems
3. Prefer to work with prestructured problems
4.Work best with predefined activities such
as solving engineering or legal problems,
giving talks or lessons based on others' ideas
5. Good at enforcing rules and traditions
Saturday,October 15, 2016 21
22. Individuals with a Judicial Style:
1. Good at analysis and criticism
2. Evaluative problems
3. Good at forming and giving opinions
4.Tend toward judging people, work, and
programs
Saturday,October 15, 2016 22
23. Sternberg (1990) discussed classroom implications for his
metaphor, stating that primary and secondary schools
tend to reward executive types most. Students who work
within the existing rule systems and seek the rewards the
schools or teachers value (grades, performance, good
behavior) tend to produce the best academic performance
at these levels.
Judicial types are rewarded more in college and post-
graduate programs where criticism and judgment are
more highly valued.
Legislative types may not be rewarded until graduate
school, where originality in research, writing, and
presentations are valued.The fit between students and
teachers is a factor in the success of a course or program.
Sternberg gives examples for a variety of classroom
situations.
Saturday,October 15, 2016 23
24. Globalists:
1. Prefer large, abstract issues
2. Ignore or dislike detail
3.Work best with concepts and ideas
4. Can easily lose focus and get lost in
abstraction
Saturday,October 15, 2016 24
25. Localists:
1. Prefer concrete problems
2. Detailed work
3. Pragmatic and down-to-earth
4. Difficulty seeing the larger picture
Saturday,October 15, 2016 25
26. Internalists (Domestic affairs):
1. Introverted
2.Task-oriented
3. Aloof,
4. Less socially sensitive
5. Like to work alone
Saturday,October 15, 2016 26
27. Externalists (foreign affairs)
1. Extroverted
2. People oriented
3. Socially sensitive
4.Work best in groups or teams
Saturday,October 15, 2016 27
29. Born in 1940 in Utica,
NewYork
also known as "JSB”
Alma mater: Brown
University and
University of Michigan
Saturday,October 15, 2016 29
30. Education: Brown University,
B.S., 1962; University of
Michigan, M.S., 1964, Ph.D.,
1970.
Career: Assistant professor,
University of California at
Irvine, 1969–73; senior
scientist, Bolt Baranek and
Newman, Cambridge, MA,
1973–78; principal scientist in
cognitive and instructional
sciences, Xerox Corporation,
Palo Alto Research Center
(PARC), 1978–84
Saturday,October 15, 2016 30
31. Brown’s work on cognitive
apprenticeship evolved from
the work of Lave on situated
learning, a model of learning
derived from the notion that
cognitive tools are acquired in
the same way as apprentices
learn a craft or trade.
This method of instruction is
a synthesis of formal
schooling and traditional
apprenticeship.
Saturday,October 15, 2016 31
32. Learners enter a culture of
practice.
Acquisition, development
and application of cognitive
tools in a learning domain is
based on activity in learning
and knowledge.
Enculturation (social
interaction) and context
(learning environment) are
powerful components of
learning in this model.
Saturday,October 15, 2016 32
33. Instructors and other
students provide modeling in
situ and scaffolding for
students to enter into
learning activity.
As students learn and gain
skills and self-confidence
they are prepared for more
autonomy, and begin to have
conscious participation in the
learning culture.
Saturday,October 15, 2016 33
34. In traditional classroom
approaches, the teacher’s
thinking processes are usually
invisible and operate outside
of conscious awareness, even
for the teacher.
The goal of cognitive
apprenticeship is to make the
thinking processes of a
learning activity visible to
both the students and the
teacher.
Saturday,October 15, 2016 34
35. The teacher is then able to
employ the methods of
traditional apprenticeship
(modeling, coaching,
scaffolding, and fading) to
effectively guide student
learning.
Saturday,October 15, 2016 35
36. Procedures are seen as
flexible and evolving.
Both algorithms and
heuristics are assessed in
context and with respect to
desired outcomes and
objectives.
This flexibility allows
students to generate unique
solutions to problems, and
makes them more active,
conscious, and creative
participants in the learning
culture.Saturday,October 15, 2016 36
37. It can be especially effective
when teaching complex,
cognitive skills such as
reading comprehension,
essay writing, and
mathematical problem
solving.
It leads to students’ greater
understanding of the
material.
It also combats “inert
knowledge” helping students
to apply their knowledge and
skills in novel situations.Saturday,October 15, 2016 37
38. The teacher models the
processes involved in a
complex task initially, by
thinking aloud or describing
the cognitive strategy for the
task.
As soon as possible, the
teacher turns the role of
“teacher” over to students.
The teacher coaches and
scaffolds students’ efforts,
decreasing active
participation as they become
more proficient in their skills.Saturday,October 15, 2016 38
40. Born inVancouver, British
Columbia in 1947
Entered the university with
hopes to become a writer, but
left with the dream of
practicing psychology as a
precise and qualitative
science.
Graduated at the head of his
class in Arts and Science in
1968
Saturday,October 15, 2016 40
41. Earned his Ph. D. from
Stanford in 1972
Spent one year atYale as an
assistant professor
Three years at the University
of Michigan as a Junior Fellow
One year atYale as associate
professor and a final year as a
full professor
Has been at Carnegie Mellon
University since 1978
Saturday,October 15, 2016 41
42. It means Adaptive Character ofThought
It is a cognitive theory dealing primarily with memory
structures.
The model describes a spreading activation model of semantic
memory, combined with a production system for executing
higher level operations.
According to ACT*, there are
three types of memory and
learning.
Saturday,October 15, 2016 42
43. 1. Declarative memory (WHAT) encompasses factual
components and their associations and sequences.
2. Procedural memory or
production memory (HOW) are
sequences of behaviors
(productions) based on conditions
and actions stored in declarative
memory. A production is a series of
“if-then” rules: if x happens, then do
y. New productions are formed by
linking up existing ones, adding
components, and deleting
components.
Saturday,October 15, 2016 43
44. 3. Working memory is the part of the long-term memory
which is currently in consciousness.
These three parts of
long-term memory
work closely together,
and each has its own
functions and
processes.
Saturday,October 15, 2016 44
45. Generalization – in which procedures (productions) are cross-
contextualized or more widely applied.
Discrimination – in which
procedures (productions)
become more
specialized.
Strengthening – in which
procedures (productions)
are applied more
frequently.
Saturday,October 15, 2016 45
46. The theory includes
notions of goal structure,
problem-solving context,
and feedback.
Research with ACT* has
showed that reaction
time for fact retrieval
increase as a function of
the number of times the
items sought were
mentioned in a story.
Saturday,October 15, 2016 46
47. Unique content in stories
is easier for the reader to
retrieve.
Memory ACTIVATION
determines the
probability of access to
memory, and the rate at
which a memory can be
accessed, after a subject
is cued to recall
information.
Saturday,October 15, 2016 47
48. SPREADING ACTIVATION
proposes that activation
travels along a network of
connections, so that once
cued, a subject may have
multiple responses based
on the connections
among bits of
information in memory.
Saturday,October 15, 2016 48
49. Spreading activation is not believed to be entirely
under the subject’s control, but cueing may activate
remote connections without the subject’s volition
being involved.This tendency for memories to be
activated is called ASSOCIATIVE PRIMING.
Saturday,October 15, 2016 49
51. Joy Paul Guilford
Born: March 7, 1897
Birthplace: Marquette,
Nebraska
Died: November 26, 1987
Best remembered for his
psychometric study of
human intelligence,
including the distinction
between convergent and
divergent production
Saturday,October 15, 2016 51
52. In Guilford's Structure of Intellect (SI)
theory, intelligence is viewed as
comprising operations, contents, and
products.
There are 5 kinds of operations
(cognition, memory, divergent
production, convergent production,
evaluation), 6 kinds of products (units,
classes, relations, systems,
transformations, and implications),
and 5 kinds of contents (visual,
auditory, symbolic, semantic,
behavioral).
Since each of these dimensions is
independent, there are theoretically
150 different components of
intelligence.
Saturday,October 15, 2016 52
53. Guilford researched and
developed a wide variety
of psychometric tests to
measure the specific
abilities predicted by SI
theory.
These tests provide an
operational definition of
the many abilities
proposed by the theory.
Factor analysis was used
to determine which tests
appeared to measure the
same or different abilities.
Saturday,October 15, 2016 53
54. It is interesting to note that a major impetus for
Guilford's theory was his interest in creativity
(Guilford, 1950).
SI theory is intended to be a general theory of
human intelligence.
Saturday,October 15, 2016 54
55. SI theory is intended to be a general theory of
human intelligence. Its major application (besides
educational research) has been in personnel
selection and placement.
Saturday,October 15, 2016 55
56. Reasoning and problem-solving skills (convergent
and divergent operations) can be subdivided into 30
distinct abilities (6 products x 5 contents).
Memory operations can be subdivided into 30
different skills (6 products x 5 contents).
Decision-making skills (evaluation operations) can
be subdivided into 30 distinct abilities (6 products x
5 contents).
Language-related skills (cognitive operations) can
be subdivided into 30 distinct abilities (6 products x
5 contents).
Saturday,October 15, 2016 56