Integrative Model - Pre-Columbian N. America and Europe
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This document summarizes some key similarities and differences between pre-Columbian North America and Europe, including their animals, diseases, technology, and population characteristics. It argues that the availability of easily domesticated large animals in Europe allowed the development of large-scale agriculture, population growth, and specialization that drove innovations, whereas North America lacked such animals. The document suggests the different trajectories of the two cultures can be largely explained by differences in their lands and the species available for domestication.
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European countries colonized other lands in the 1500s due to lack of natural resources and overpopulation in Europe. This led to the colonization of the Americas by countries like England, France, Portugal, and Spain. However, the process resulted in the genocide and deaths of millions of Native Americans, as well as the enslavement of surviving Native Americans and the importation of African slaves to work in their place. Colonialism thus represented a horrific period in human history defined by death, slavery, and the replacement of indigenous populations with European colonizers.
Big history
This document summarizes several passages about scientific discoveries and historical events that changed human understanding of the world. It discusses how Greek philosophers like Thales began using reason and observation to understand nature. It describes Spencer Wells' research tracing human migration origins in Africa. It outlines a hypothesized climate catastrophe in the 6th century AD that may have impacted societies. It examines Jared Diamond's theory about why some civilizations developed technologies and wealth more than others based on location and domesticatable plants and animals. Finally, it outlines impacts of the Columbian Exchange between the Old and New Worlds, including the introduction of new crops and diseases.
Theme 2: Big History
1) The document discusses several factors that contributed to the success and expansion of empires, including spreading ideas and cultural/technological innovations which led to diversity in culture, language, and trade.
2) Warfare is discussed as being driven by the pursuit of power and eventually leading to colonization with the supreme authority belonging to whoever had the most power.
3) European powers realized that controlling seas and trade, rather than land and people, was key to the future and could help reduce conflict.
Theme 2: Big History
1) Successful empires spread ideas through expansion and diversity which spurs cultural and technological innovation.
2) Warfare is driven by the pursuit of power and leads to destruction and eventual colonization with the supreme authority holding military power.
3) European nations realized controlling seas through commerce could end conflict, with trading seen as key to the future over domination of land and people.
Big History
1) Certain geographical factors, like climate and available crops and animals, gave some civilizations advantages over others, allowing some to flourish while others declined.
2) Societies with reliable food sources through agriculture were able to support larger populations who had more time for inventions and technology, allowing them to outcompete hunter-gatherer societies.
3) Disease greatly impacted the interactions between the Old World and New World, with diseases brought by Europeans devastating native populations in the Americas.
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Unit 8: Guns, Germs, and Steel: The Fates of Human Societies
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Integrative Model - Pre-Columbian N. America and Europe
- 1. Pre-Columbian North America and Europe Isabel Smith 19 March 2012
- 3. Similarities and Differences North America Europe Animals Some large animals but not Large, easily domesticated easily domesticated (buffalo, livestock (cattle, sheep, pigs, deer). horses). Diseases Native Americans had no Europeans had resistance to resistance. diseases like smallpox. Technology Stones, spears, bow and Metallurgy, firearms. arrow. Population Highly scattered population. Large, densely populated urban centers.
- 4. Why??? How can we explain the differences between the cultures of Native America and Europe? The land. The entire course of human history can be traced back to the land – it was basically a geographical coin toss that favored Europe.
- 5. Connecting the dots Domesticated Large-scale More animals agriculture people… Makes large- Allows the More scale population to specializations agriculture grow possible. exponentially. INNOVATIONS.
- 6. What would happen if… Native Americans had had domesticated animals? Europeans had not had the geographical conditions to create steel and iron?
- 7. For more information… Visit http://www.pbs.org/gunsgermssteel/