The presentation "Integrating gender considerations in Jamaica’s National Adaptation Plan (NAP) process ", day 1 recap, by Angie Dazé , associate with IISD Resilience and NAP Global Network, delivered at the Climate Change and Gender Focal Points Workshop in Jamaica in September 2018.

1. Recap from Day 1

2. Coordinating Climate-
Resilient Development
Gender-responsive
NAP processes:
Introduction

4. • Gender equality is a universal human right
• Adaptation efforts will not be effective or
sustainable if they do not take gender into
account
• NAP process is an opportunity to address
gender inequalities
• UNFCCC establishes a mandate to integrate
gender considerations:
• NAP decision
• Paris Agreement
• Gender Action Plan adopted at COP23
• Links to sustainable development
objectives, including SDG5
Why focus on gender in
NAPs?

5. What do we mean by
gender-responsive?
• Gender responsive-approaches go beyond
sensitivity
• They actively seek to promote gender
equality
• Gender equality refers to the equal rights,
responsibilities and opportunities of women and men
and girls and boys
• Often involve specific actions to empower
women
• In households and communities
• In policy and planning processes
• Requires attention to gender issues
throughout all dimensions of the NAP
process

6. Key elements of a
gender-responsive
NAP process

7. A gender-
responsive
NAP process

8. A gender-
responsive
NAP process
Gender-balanced
participation in
planning
processes

9. A gender-
responsive
NAP process
Plans are responsive
to gender
differences in
adaptation needs,
opportunities and
capacities
Gender-balanced
participation in
planning
processes

10. A gender-
responsive
NAP process
Prioritization
processes and
allocation of finance
and other resources
are gender-
responsive

11. A gender-
responsive
NAP process
Prioritization
processes and
allocation of finance
and other resources
are gender-
responsive
Opportunities,
benefits and
losses from
adaptation
actions are
equitably
shared

12. A gender-
responsive
NAP process
Data collection is
sex-disaggregated
and gender-
differentiated
impacts are
analyzed

13. A gender-
responsive
NAP process
Data collection is
sex-disaggregated
and gender-
differentiated
impacts are
analyzed
M&E systems track
progress on gender
equality and
women’s
empowerment

14. A gender-
responsive
NAP process
Equitable
representation of
women and women’s
organizations

15. A gender-
responsive
NAP process
Access to
information is
equitable

16. A gender-
responsive
NAP process
All actors have the
capacities needed to
integrate gender
considerations

17. Towards Gender-
Responsive NAP
Processes:
Synthesis

18. Synthesis Report
2017-2018
Available at:
http://napglobalnetwork.org/themes/gender/
• First synthesis report based on
• Systematic review of NAP
documents
• Dialogue with countries during
the Targeted Topics Forum in
February 2018
• Input to LEG assessment of
progress on NAPs
• Provides recommendations for NAP
teams as well as development
partners supporting NAP processes

19. Common challenges across
countries
• The framing of gender issues as being
primarily about women
• The approach to adaptation: focus on climate-
sensitive sectors and “hard” adaptation
options
• Institutional barriers, which limit dialogue and
collaboration between gender and climate
change adaptation actors
• Capacity challenges, for both gender and
adaptation actors
• Information gaps
• Sex-disaggregated data on climate impacts and
adaptation needs
• Gender analysis of adaptation options, barriers
and opportunities

20. • Most countries have made an effort to
integrate gender in their NAP documents
• Focus tends to be on women only, vs. differences
between women and men
• Women most often positioned as a particularly
vulnerable group and/or as beneficiaries of
adaptation actions
• Limited evidence of context-specific gender
analysis informing NAP processes so far
• Adaptation options targeting women often
focus on household issues
• In-country gender capacity exists, but often
not effectively utilized
• Broader policies and plans can create an
enabling environment for integration of
gender
Key findings

21. • Commit to a gender-responsive NAP process
going forward
• Develop a more nuanced understanding of
gender and climate change linkages
• Use the NAP process to enhance institutional
linkages between climate change adaptation
and gender equality
• Improve gender balance in NAP-related
institutional arrangements
• Identify existing capacities and gaps
• Undertake gender-balanced and inclusive
stakeholder engagement
• Use gender analysis and stakeholder inputs
efficiently and effectively
Recommendations for
NAP teams

22. Q&A

23. What do you think is the single
biggest challenge you will face in
integrating gender considerations
in adaptation planning?
Write the challenge on the card.
Challenges in integrating
gender considerations

24. 1. Move to the category where your
challenge best fits
• Information and knowledge
• Institutional barriers
• Social norms
• Resources (human/financial/other)
• Other
2. Group discussion on the challenges
3. Quick report back to plenary
Sharing challenges
across participants

25. Coordinating Climate-
Resilient Development
Gender analysis to inform
NAP processes:
Experiences from Kiribati
and Ethiopia

26. Kiribati

27. Kiribati: Context
• 33 low-lying atolls already experiencing an
increase in sea-surface temperatures and
sea-level rise
• Traditionally a patriarchal society
• Predominant role of churches as the main
community institution
• Limited women’s leadership in these
institutions
• Gender equality and climate change identified
as two cross-cutting priority policy issues
• Yet, the linking of climate adaptation to
gender equality is new and lagging behind

28. Kiribati’s NAP document
• Joint Implementation Plan on Climate
Change and Disaster Risk Management
(KJIP) developed in 2014
• Revision of the KJIP in 2017-18 to align it
with the new government’s priorities
• Revision process included support to
strengthen gender considerations
• Review of the KJIP from a gender lens
• Policy and institutional analysis on gender and
climate change based on a literature review and
stakeholder consultations

29. Results from the NAP
document review
• Significant effort made to integrate gender
considerations
• Women most often positioned as victims of
climate change
• Reference to women/gender more
prominent in the context analysis but less so
in other sections of the document
• No information on the inclusion of the
Ministry of Women in the institutional
arrangements
• No mention of women’s groups in relation
to stakeholder platforms for the NAP
process

30. Lessons from the policy and
institutional analysis
• Policy frameworks for gender equality and
climate change not finalized yet
• Gender equality only recently raised as a
political issue and mostly understood as
‘women’
• Competing cross-cutting priorities in the
context of limited resources and capacities
• Limited availability of sex-disaggregated
data and documented knowledge on gender
• Limited understanding of the linkages
between gender equality and climate
change; concept of climate change still
relatively new

31. Recommendations
• Frame the gender equality issue in line
with local culture – with an emphasis on
building a climate-resilient family
• Strengthen the linkages between women’s
economic empowerment and climate
adaptation
• Conduct a gender analysis to develop a
more nuanced understanding of gender
and climate change linkages to inform the
NAP process
• Engage the women’s ministry, civil
society organizations working on
women’s empowerment and gender
experts to inform the NAP process

32. Ethiopia

33. Ethiopia: Context
• Large, landlocked country in the Horn of
Africa
• Steady economic growth in recent years, but
still one of the poorest countries in the region
• Diverse topography and climate
• Vulnerable to floods, droughts and periodic
rain shortages
• Recent years have seen successive droughts,
leading to food insecurity and migration
• Adaptation typically approached as a
technical problem and/or a co-benefit of
mitigation
• Limited capacities for adaptation, particularly
at sub-national levels

34. • Completed in 2017 but not formally
approved or submitted to NAP Central
• Aims to “strengthen holistic integration of
climate change adaptation in Ethiopia’s
long-term development pathway”
• Guiding principles include gender
sensitivity, participation and stakeholder
empowerment
• Focused on key sectors that have been
identified as vulnerable
• Organized around 18 adaptation options
and 5 strategic priorities
Ethiopia’s NAP document

35. Examples:
• Enhancing food security by improving
agricultural productivity in a climate-
smart manner
• Improving access to potable water
• Improving ecosystem resilience through
conservation of biodiversity
• Building social protection and livelihood
options of vulnerable people
• Strengthening drought, livestock and
crop insurance mechanisms
• Improving early warning systems
Adaptation options

36. Focused on:
• Mainstreaming climate change
adaptation into development policies,
plans and strategies
• Building long-term capacities of
institutions involved in the NAP process
• Establishing effective and sustainable
funding mechanisms
• Advancing research and development
on adaptation
• Improving knowledge management
systems for adaptation
Strategic priorities

37. Targeted gender analysis involving:
• Literature review on gender
issues as they relate to climate
change adaptation
• Analysis of the implications for
the NAP process
• Identification of specific
recommendations to guide
NAP implementation
Gender analysis to inform
the NAP process

38. • Formal vs. informal work (paid vs. unpaid)
• Agriculture: Men are typically in commercial farming,
women in subsistence and minor crops. In times of
drought, loss of crops and livestock may affect
household security for women, employment and
ideals of masculinity for men.
• Water: Men are formal employees of water and
sanitation services, women are the primary
suppliers of water in households
• Same divide goes for biodiversity, forest management, power
generation, etc.
• Men significantly outnumber women in industry/manufacturing
• Women more often keepers/distributers of traditional
knowledge (e.g. more likely to use sustainable and healthier
farm management practices).
• Differ in informational needs – preferred outlets for receiving
information

39. • Despite proven benefits, women are less
likely to be involved in decision-making
processes in energy sector, water sector,
etc.
• Means that important perspectives and
priorities are lost
Barriers include:
• Social norms: Women may may have less decision-making
power within their households and may be restricted from
participating in public meetings in front of male elders
• Lack of time/resources: Demands of household and/or
healthcare work may limit the time available for women to
engage in decision-making processes
• Lack of formal training/education: Women less likely than men
to be enrolled in school

40. • Despite improvements, women still lag
significantly behind men in terms of
access to:
• Information
• Education
• Services: finance, extension, markets
• Resources, notably land
• Affects ability to participate in and benefit from investments in
adaptation
• Limits decision-making power, incentives and options for long-
term planning and investment in adaptation

41. Recommendations: Adaptation options
Adaptation Option Examples of Recommendations
Enhancing food security by
improving agricultural
productivity in a climate-
smart manner
Facilitate women’s equitable access to pro-poor financial services and
markets to enable their participation in value chains
Develop/implement a gender-responsive agriculture extension
program with equitable representation of women in the extension staff
Improving access to potable
water
Ensure the design and location of water and sanitation structures
consider the special conditions and needs of women and girls
Promote equal representation of women in the management of WaSH
infrastructure
Improving ecosystem
resilience through
conserving biodiversity
Ensure equal participation of women and men in biodiversity
governance institutions
Invest strategies that reduce the high dependence of resource-poor
women on traditional biomass for their energy, medicine and
livelihoods
Improving early warning
systems (EWS)
Ensure EWS take into account both women’s and men’s information
needs and preferred channels of communication
Promote intra-household sharing of weather information to improve
women’s access to information (information is usually shared with the
head of households, mostly men)

42. Recommendations: Strategic priorities
Strategic
Priority
Examples of Recommendations
Mainstreaming
adaptation
Reviewing/updating relevant national, regional and sectoral development guidelines
to integrate gender-responsive adaptation and NAP-ETH priorities
Ensure participation of MoWCA, the MEFCC Gender Unit, and gender and
adaptation technical specialists and CSOs working on gender issues
Building capacities Engage top-level decision makers, project staff and middle and low-level experts in
tailored training on gender and climate change adaptation
Promote capacity building strategies that support cross-sector learning
Effective and
sustainable
funding
mechanisms
Earmark funds to finance gender responsive climate change adaptation programs
Develop and make use of gender equality marker scorecards during budget
planning and appraisal processes
Research and
development on
adaptation
Engage MoWCA, gender and climate change research institutions, and academia to
fill the gap in gender and climate change research
Consider the intersectionality of gender with other socioeconomic variables such as
poverty, disability , pregnancy and age; highlight adaptive capacities as well as
vulnerabilities
Knowledge
management
systems
Track gender issues in NAP logical framework, knowledge management and M&E
system
Ensure the consistent analysis and use of sex-disaggregated data on adaptation
options and strategic priorities throughout the NAP mainstreaming and
implementation processes

43. Q&A

44. Knowledge
Clinic:
Integrating
adaptation into
gender work

45. Purpose:
Through a “knowledge clinic” with peers,
participants will work to apply an adaptation
lens to gender work.
Activity Instructions
1. Gender focal points choose something
from their work they’d like to analyse.
2. Gender focal points will then “host” the
knowledge clinics.
3. After 15 minutes, climate change focal
points will rotate.
Knowledge Clinic:
Integrating adaptation into
gender work

46. Prompting Questions:
» How might climate change affect this work?
» How could climate change adaptation
programs/policies intersect with this work?
» How can we consider or incorporate climate
change adaptation further in this work?
Please assign one scribe per group to
document these considerations on the
flipchart.
Knowledge Clinic:
Integrating adaptation into
gender work

47. Coordinating Climate-
Resilient Development
Identifying entry points
for integrating gender:
Self-assessment process

48. The self-assessment aims to:
1. Guide reflection on efforts to integrate
gender considerations in policies, programs
and initiatives in particular MDAs
2. Provide a basis for identifying actions to
deepen integration of gender issues in
adaptation planning going forward
The tool involves:
• A simple series of questions with decision
trees focusing on different aspects
• Notes sections to capture ideas for the way
forward
Purpose of the self-
assessment

49. Decision Tree Example
Has your MDA
already engaged in
adaptation planning?
YES
Was gender a
consideration in the
planning process?
YES
Describe how this
was done. What
difference did it
make in the planning
process?
NO
Why not? What is
needed to ensure
that gender is
considered in future
planning processes?
NO
What is needed to
ensure that gender is
considered in future
adaptation planning
processes?

50. Do capacities exist
to support the
integration of
gender in planning
in your MDA?
YES
Have planning
processes to date
effectively utilized
these capacities?
YES
Describe how these
capacities were
used. What
difference did it
make in the process
to have gender
capacity involved?
NO
Where are the
opportunities in
future adaptation
planning processes
to better utilize
these capacities?
NO
What capacities are
needed? Who
needs them?
Decision Tree Example
In the notes section, you will answer the question(s) in
the last box you circle

51. Decision Tree Example: Ethiopia
Where are the
opportunities in
future adaptation
planning processes to
better utilize these
capacities?
Notes on Question 2
• The capacity exists in the gender team at MEFCC
• Opportunities:
• Involve them in the update of mainstreaming
tools
• Invite them to training on mainstreaming
adaptation
• To increase their capacity on adaptation
• To provide a presentation on the gender dimensions
• Invite them to the national synthesis workshop
• Get their inputs during development of
implementation strategies and M&E systems
• Work with them on gender analysis

52. • To be completed in MDA/country teams,
working together on one self-assessment
form*
• 5 questions involving a decision tree to
guide reflection on key questions
• Bullet point spaces to capture ideas for the
way forward
*Please hand the form to Angie/Clare at the
end – we will type up your responses and
send a copy to all members of your team
Completing the self-
assessment

54. STEP 1: Brainstorming
Working in MDA/country teams,
brainstorm what you need to do to better
integrate gender in adaptation planning
going forward, based on your self-
assessment
Identifying priorities and
next steps

55. STEP 2: Prioritization
Prioritize the next steps in terms of what
should happen:
• In the next month (PINK)
• In the next six months (ORANGE)
• In the next year (GREEN)
Write one next step on each of the cards,
following the colours identified above
Also indicate your MDA/country on the
card
Identifying priorities and
next steps

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info@napglobalnetwork.org
Twitter: @NAP_Network
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