INTEGERS.ppt
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Integers are whole numbers and their opposites, such as 6 and -6. Zero is also an integer. Positive numbers are greater than zero, while negative numbers are less than zero. Negative numbers can represent temperatures below zero, depths below sea level, and amounts of debt owed. Integers have opposites that are the same distance from zero in the opposite direction, like 6 and -6. Absolute value refers to the distance a number is from zero on the number line and is always positive.
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Abbreviations are shortened forms of words that often use periods after the letters. Common abbreviations include days of the week like Sun. and months of the year such as Dec. Titles and names can also be abbreviated, for example Prof. for Professor and Ms. for Miss.
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Daytime objects in the sky include the sun, which Earth revolves around, clouds which are important for weather, and rainbows which are formed when sunlight hits raindrops and splits into colors. Nighttime objects are the moon, which orbits Earth, stars which are bright balls of gas that give their own light, and planets.
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force, motion, and energy.pptx
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Syllabus
Chapter-1
Introduction to objective, scope and outcome the subject
Chapter 2
Introduction: Scope and Specialization of Civil Engineering, Role of civil Engineer in Society, Impact of infrastructural development on economy of country.
Chapter 3
Surveying: Object Principles & Types of Surveying; Site Plans, Plans & Maps; Scales & Unit of different Measurements.
Linear Measurements: Instruments used. Linear Measurement by Tape, Ranging out Survey Lines and overcoming Obstructions; Measurements on sloping ground; Tape corrections, conventional symbols. Angular Measurements: Instruments used; Introduction to Compass Surveying, Bearings and Longitude & Latitude of a Line, Introduction to total station.
Levelling: Instrument used Object of levelling, Methods of levelling in brief, and Contour maps.
Chapter 4
Buildings: Selection of site for Buildings, Layout of Building Plan, Types of buildings, Plinth area, carpet area, floor space index, Introduction to building byelaws, concept of sun light & ventilation. Components of Buildings & their functions, Basic concept of R.C.C., Introduction to types of foundation
Chapter 5
Transportation: Introduction to Transportation Engineering; Traffic and Road Safety: Types and Characteristics of Various Modes of Transportation; Various Road Traffic Signs, Causes of Accidents and Road Safety Measures.
Chapter 6
Environmental Engineering: Environmental Pollution, Environmental Acts and Regulations, Functional Concepts of Ecology, Basics of Species, Biodiversity, Ecosystem, Hydrological Cycle; Chemical Cycles: Carbon, Nitrogen & Phosphorus; Energy Flow in Ecosystems.
Water Pollution: Water Quality standards, Introduction to Treatment & Disposal of Waste Water. Reuse and Saving of Water, Rain Water Harvesting. Solid Waste Management: Classification of Solid Waste, Collection, Transportation and Disposal of Solid. Recycling of Solid Waste: Energy Recovery, Sanitary Landfill, On-Site Sanitation. Air & Noise Pollution: Primary and Secondary air pollutants, Harmful effects of Air Pollution, Control of Air Pollution. . Noise Pollution Harmful Effects of noise pollution, control of noise pollution, Global warming & Climate Change, Ozone depletion, Greenhouse effect
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2. Satheesh Gopi, Basic Civil Engineering, Pearson Publishers.
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4. BCP, Surveying volume 1
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- 1. INTEGERS
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- 3. KEY VOCABULARY •Integers •Positive Integers •Negative Integers •Opposites •Absolute value •Additive Inverse Property
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