Instructions for the second essay Read the instructions carefully so that you can properly write the second assigned essay of the second unit. The due date for this essay is May /12/ 2016. The text should be following a Microsoft Word format, a letter size twelve (12) and a spacing of one and a half (1.5) between sentences (or line spacing in the paragraph options). The extension of the work should not be less than three (3) pages or greater than five (5) pages of content (not title page or cover of any kind is required). At the end of your essay you will list the References used (for more information see the text I sent regarding the instructions for writing an essay for this class). Plagiarism will not be tolerated. The written essay should be a product that reflects your understanding and interpretation (substantiated with arguments, evidence and reasoning, expressed in a clear, consistent, and accurate matter) of the assigned readings and discussions in class. Do not use Internet sources and limit yourself to the assigned texts, the discussion in class and your own argumentative capabilities. Instructions In this second unit we have discussed some of the main qualitative methods of research in Psychology, focusing on how these methods open new and critical possibilities regarding a more in-depth inquiry that pays attention to constructivist, anthropological, phenomenological, discursive and other "alternative" elements (different from mainstream psychology and strict quantitative methods) in specific situations of daily life. Bearing this in mind: Discuss the importance of these qualitative approaches of inquiry in building and sustaining a "critical psychology" that is interested in understanding how: 1) knowledge is produced, used and appropriated (depending on the different functions of knowledge and its contexts, including psychology) from a constructivist view that questions the fallacy of objectivity (or the "world as given") 2) experience is framed and signified (depending on the social, cultural and particular context of the group or individual), which critically questions the fallacy of the centrality of the individual. 3) the underlying ideologies, discourses and relations of power oppress, stigmatize or alienate certain sections of society, which assumes the importance of studying the uses of language and knowledge (which are not neutral or "objective"). Take into account the following when elaborating the essay: 1. You will notice that there are three (3) interests in these approaches of inquiry. I am interested in that you at least elaborate one of them. In essence, the three of them are inter-related, so elaborating any of them in-depth will be enough for the purposes of this essay. 2. There’s several theoretical frameworks (from constructivist and feminist theories to colonial and ethnological theories) and methods (ranging from ground theory to analysis of discourse and narrative analysis) that you can choose fro.

1. Instructions for the second essay
Read the instructions carefully so that you can properly write
the second assigned essay of the second unit. The due date for
this essay is May /12/ 2016.
The text should be following a Microsoft Word format, a letter
size twelve (12) and a spacing of one and a half (1.5) between
sentences (or line spacing in the paragraph options). The
extension of the work should not be less than three (3) pages or
greater than five (5) pages of content (not title page or cover of
any kind is required).
At the end of your essay you will list the References used (for
more information see the text I sent regarding the instructions
for writing an essay for this class). Plagiarism will not be
tolerated.
The written essay should be a product that reflects your
understanding and interpretation (substantiated with arguments,
evidence and reasoning, expressed in a clear, consistent, and
accurate matter) of the assigned readings and discussions in
class. Do not use Internet sources and limit yourself to the
assigned texts, the discussion in class and your own
argumentative capabilities.
Instructions
In this second unit we have discussed some of the main
qualitative methods of research in Psychology, focusing on how
these methods open new and critical possibilities regarding a
more in-depth inquiry that pays attention to constructivist,
anthropological, phenomenological, discursive and other
"alternative" elements (different from mainstream psychology
and strict quantitative methods) in specific situations of daily
life. Bearing this in mind:

2. Discuss the importance of these qualitative approaches of
inquiry in building and sustaining a "critical psychology" that is
interested in understanding how:
1) knowledge is produced, used and appropriated (depending on
the different functions of knowledge and its contexts, including
psychology) from a constructivist view that questions the
fallacy of objectivity (or the "world as given")
2) experience is framed and signified (depending on the social,
cultural and particular context of the group or individual),
which critically questions the fallacy of the centrality of the
individual.
3) the underlying ideologies, discourses and relations of power
oppress, stigmatize or alienate certain sections of society, which
assumes the importance of studying the uses of language and
knowledge (which are not neutral or "objective").
Take into account the following when elaborating the essay:
1. You will notice that there are three (3) interests in these
approaches of inquiry. I am interested in that you at least
elaborate one of them. In essence, the three of them are
inter-related, so elaborating any of them in-depth will be
enough for the purposes of this
essay.
2. There’s several theoretical frameworks (from constructivist
and feminist theories to
colonial and ethnological theories) and methods (ranging from
ground theory to analysis of
discourse and narrative analysis) that you can choose from in
your elaboration of
qualitative approaches of inquiry. Although it would be
recommendable that you mention
them, I am more interested in that you pick only one (a

3. theoretical framework,
paradigm or method), even if briefly as an example on how such
qualitative methods
are a form of critical knowledge. Pick the one that fits more
with your interests or the way
you make your approach to answer this essay.
3. Remember that the logic here is to discuss how this
approaches of inquiry and particular
interests are related to a more "critical" psychology (at least as
Ian Parker and Erica
Burman define it) and the criticisms brought forward in Kenneth
Gergen's view of
Psychological Science. Bear in mind that you should at least use
one of these author's texts
(which are the two first texts that appear in the references
below). Use at least two (2) of
the assigned texts of the conference portion of the class. You
are also welcomed to use
the texts assigned to the laboratory sections, as long as they
apply to your discussion.
Assigned texts (in the order they were assigned):
Gergen, K. (2001). Psychological Science in Postmodern
Context. American Psychologist 56
(10), 803-815.
Parker, I & Burman, E. (2008). Critical Psychology: Four
Theses and Seven
Misconceptions. Hellenic Journal of Psychology 5, 99-115.
Featherson, J. (2008). Qualitative Research. In Stephen F.
David & William Buskist (Eds.),
21st Century Psychology. A Reference Handbook I (93-102).
Los Angeles: Sage
Publications.

4. Creswell, J. W. (2007). Five Qualitative Approaches to Inquiry.
In John W. Creswell,
Qualitative, Inquiry & Research Design: Choosing Among Five
Approaches (53-
84). London: Sage Publications.
Wertz, F. (2014). Qualitative Inquiry in the History of
Psychology. Qualitative Psychology
1(1): 4-16.
Van Dijk, T.A. (1995). Aims of Critical Discourse Analysis.
Japanese Discourse I, 17-27.
Langridge, D. (2007). Hermeneutic turn. In Darren Langdridge,
Phenomenological
Psychology Theory, Research and Method (41-53). New York:
Pearson Prentice
Hall.
Suggested texts
Teo. T. (1999). Functions of knowledge in psychology. New
Ideas in Psychology 17, 1-15.
Goodwin, C.J. & Godwin, K.A. (2013). Observational and
Survey Research Methods. In C.
James Goodwin & Kerri A. Goodwin, Research in Psychology.
Methods and
Research (403-439). New Baskerville: Wiley
Smith, J. (1995). Semi-structured Interviewing and Qualitative
Analysis. In Jonathan A. Smith, Rom Harré & Luk Van
Langenlove (Eds.), Rethinking Methods in Psychology (9-26).
London: Sage Publications.
Murray, H.A., Skinner, B.F., Maslow, A.H., Rogers, C.R., et al
(1961). Cultural evolution as viewed by psychologists. Daedalus
90 (3), 570-586