Inspired to be Green: Volume7

inspiredtobe
forthoseinspiredbygreen,writtenbytheexpertsingreen
Volume 7
www.inspiredgreen.in
There seem to be many many more conferences and exhibitions
on Green Buildings, all aimed at creating awareness and
spreading knowledge to make Green into the mainstream
building industry. As a result buildings today are becoming
more and more efficient and environmentally sensitive, with
modern technology, materials and products.
We at Inspired to be Green take pride in bringing you the latest
and most interesting news, events and innovations in the Green
Building industry and thank you for your support.
Stay inspired,
Isabelle
Dear Inspired Readers,
Contents
E-waste and recycling
Green building
movement in India
Better Home Insulation
ITC Hotel
Addressing an upcoming threat of the
cities of India
Initiation and growth of green
building movement in India
Explaining the difference which insulation could
make in residential buildings
Showcasing the green
features of ITC Hotel
30
18
26
We are happy to receive your queries,
comments and contribution
130, Old Mahabalipuram Road,
Shollinganallur, Chennai - 600119.
Ph : +91 98432 68083
isabelle@inspiredgreen.in www.inspiredgreen.in
10
M E M B E R
The Green Building movement has
shown phenomenal growth over the last
few months. Just a few weeks ago IGBC
announced the successful certification
of 100 buildings in India as well as the
launch of the IGBC Green SEZ and
IGBC Green Township pilot versions.

A discussion with Dr.Ajay Mathur,
General Director of BEE about the
labeling program and Star-rating
for offices and ESCOs, during the
“Empower India 2010” organized by
Urjavara Organisation as well as BEE
Growing Energy
Demand
Every day India’s growing economy needs more
power for industry, buildings, infrastructure and rural
electrification. Increased power demand of 6% every
year, leads to more power plants to satisfy the hunger
for energy. More than 50% of the country’s electricity is
generated from coal driven thermal power plants. This
generation of electricity causes air pollution generates
carbon emissions and causes global warming.
Efficiency Strategy
Efficiency strategies can save huge amounts of energy
in every sector. Potential savings can be achieved
through awareness, design and efficiency measures.
Green Buildings are a great example for the potential
energy savings in the building sector. Some green
building projects show more than 50% of energy savings
compared to a conventional building. More and more
builders are ready to invest in efficiency strategies which
pay back multiple times after the building is occupied.
Star Rating
The objective of this program, as
set out by B.E.E (Bureau of Energy
Efficiency, Govt. of India) is efficient
use of energy and its conservation.
With increasing gap between energy
demand and supply situation in India, the labeling
program is the ‘least-cost’ option to the government.
From the consumers point of view, the energy labeling
program offers significant benefits. It enables consumers
to reduce their monthly energy bills while using air
conditioners and provides information on energy use.
For products like air conditioners, tube lights, and
refrigerators it is now mandatory to have star rating.
This rating gives manufacturers the chance to sell high
performance products for a better rate and consumer’s
an informed choice of the energy performance of the
products in terms of its energy usage.
Star Rating for Office
Buildings
Large potential for energy savings in existing office
buildings is addressed by the Star Rating for office
buildings which has so far been developed for day use
office buildings and BPOs. It is being developed to cover
different categories of buildings like shopping malls,
hotels and hospitals, etc.
To apply for the rating of office buildings, the connected
load of the building must be more then 100 kW and
following information must be provided:
- Actual energy consumption
- Building’s built up area
- Conditioned and non-conditioned area,
- Type of building,
- Hours of operation of the building in a day,
- Climatic zone in which building is located
BEE’s
Star Rating
BEE’s
Star Rating

Inspired to be GREEN I Volume 7 I 5
Energy Performance Index (EPI)
The calculated Energy Performance Index (EPI) in kWh / sqm/ year will be considered for the rating. For example
the correlated EPI and Star Rating for Offices with more than 50% air conditioning with respect to the various
climate zones are as below.
EPI
(Kwh/sqm/year)
Star label
190-165 1 Star
165-140 2 Star
140-115 3 Star
115-90 4 Star
Below 90 5 Star
EPI
(Kwh/sqm/year)
Star label
180-155 1 Star
155-130 2 Star
130-105 3 Star
105-80 4 Star
Below 80 5 Star
EPI
(Kwh/sqm/year)
Star label
200-175 1 Star
175-150 2 Star
150-125 3 Star
125-100 4 Star
Below 100 5 Star
Composite Warm and humid Hot and dry
The potential of energy savings in office buildings
is largely untapped, partly due to lack of effective
delivery mechanisms for energy efficiency. ESCOs
provide a business model through which the
energy-savings potential in existing buildings can be
captured, and the risks faced by building owners can
be addressed as well. These companies specialize
in energy audit and implement energy efficiency
practices in a particular organization. The overall
energy efficiency investment market size under ESCO
system of performance contracting in India has been
estimated by the ADB Study project team at Rs 140
bn (Rs. 14000 crores) and has the potential to save
about 54 billion units of electricity annually.
The performance-contract based payments for
energy savings achieved through the interventions
carried out by the ESCO ensures that savings are
achieved, and that the payments by the building
owners to the ESCO are related to the achievement
of these savings. The piloted ESCO business
model to upgrade the energy efficiency of eight
central government buildings in Delhi, including
the Rashtrapati Bhawan, shows very encouraging
results. In the case of the Rashtrapati Bhawan, the
investment made by the ESCO in energy-efficiency
upgrades has been recovered in less than a year
through the savings in the electricity bills.
ESCO’s at the success story -
Rashtrapati Bhavan
saveenergy.co.in
It’s an initiative of BEE, Emerson Climate Technologies
and Copper. The platform provides a power
saving guide and an interactive tool to calculate
energy savings by using star rated air conditioning
systems. Consumers are able to predict their energy
consumption for air conditioning system and can see
thepotential savings forusing 5starratedequipment.
Check it out!
Inspired to be GREEN, thanks Dr.Ajay Mathur on behalf of the readers for his marvellous effort towards
sustainability, and wishes BEE lot of success for its valuable initiatives.

K
alakshetra is a highly respected and long
established centre for performing arts
specializing in classical dance, music and
theatrical arts reflecting a wide range and depth from
century old traditional art forms to modern practice.
Built in 1982, the design of this auditorium boasts of
passive architectural techniques adopted in design with
no significant M&E interventions, despite it being situated
in Chennai, known for its hot & humid coastal climate.
Kalakshetra is situated in a verdant campus known for
retaining an atmosphere of being close to nature in the
form of a thickly wooded environment devoid of any
form of automotive traffic in most part of the campus
and close to the coast of Bay of Bengal. The undulating
campus primarily consisting of sand dunes and ponds
leaves a lasting impression on any visitor. Aptly so, the
ambience lends itself specifically to that which focuses
on teaching of traditional performing art forms of India.

The concept is based on traditional forms and principles of
the Natya Shastra, an ancient treatise on performing arts. This
concept has been reflected not only in the plan of the public
and the performing areas but also in the exterior form and the
materials used for construction. The roof is built of traditional
tiles on timber rafters and is insulated with two layers of ordinary
clay tiles with a ventilated air gap in between. The large span was
covered by castellated steel beams in a radial pattern.
This auditorium is non air-conditioned and is only naturally
ventilated. Located in a hot and humid zone, being close
to the seashore, and set in a densely vegetated area, the
micro climate offered innate opportunity for the building to
take advantage of the sea breeze in the afternoons when
performances were held. In the early part of the mornings,
classes are held in traditional Indian dance forms when the
land breeze keeps the inside airy, cool and comfortable.
Also the high ceiling, deep overhangs of the roof, slatted
and internally inclined, serve as sun breakers enhancing
the comfort of the interior even on hot summer days.
Sewage and sullage waters are segregated and the sullage
water after passing through natural filteration media is
used for irrigating the landscape by gravity, without use of
electrical pumping.
There was no enhanced cost towards electro-mechanical
interventions. Most of the efficiencies for climatic comfort
wereachievedaspartofbuilt-inarchitecturaldesignefforts.
Though not measured and recorded, this auditorium is
highly sought after, especially during the Community Art
Festivals, organized periodically.
As an evidence of the successful architectural and
climate responsive design measures, not only the internal
conditions are comfortable during all seasons but also has
resulted in great acoustics, even without artificial sound
reinforcing systems. Except for the use of structural steel
portals to span the wide seating area, all materials were
locally sourced.
The project was completed in early ‘80s, long before
green processes / certifications came into being, but with
the most environmental friendly & energy conservation
measures factored in design! This project is a true
reflection of the best in passive design features that have
been adopted & is core to CRN’s design philosophy.

The Green Building Research Institute (GBRI) along with Inspired
to be green is proud to announce the release of “ The SEEDs ...to
a Greener Planet” - a powerful audio video presentation for the
green building industry. From basic topics on sustainability to
new green technologies including BIM and Energy Modeling
- the presentation educates the audience on the growing green
building industry in India, United States, Canada, Dubai,
AbuDhabi, Saudi Arabia, China and Singapore. The 60 minute
webinar also includes performance analysis of LEED projects,
tools and strategies required for a green building project,
green project management, green washing,etc. Attendees are
also eligible for continuing education (CE) credits required
for your LEED credential maintenance.
THE SEED’s ...to a Greener Planet
Green Building Webinar Market Transformation Efforts
…Energy Efficient Air Conditioners
Only two years back the consumer awareness for energy
efficient air-conditioners was very low. Reason enough
for Emerson Climate and International Copper to support
a National Educational Training Programme (NETP),
which worked out to a success.
In 2008 only 25% of AC Buyers would have chosen Star-
rated products over non-labeled systems. Only one year
later over 30% of end-users giving preferences to 4* and
5* rated air conditioners and about 50% are inclined to buy
3* rated AC. The awareness for star rated AC developed
so fast that 5* rated products were sold out as soon
as the days got hotter.
The national educational Training Program is run by BEE
and supported by Emerson Climate Technologies and
International Copper. It focuses on training of showroom
salesman and tools to motivate the end-user to choose
energy-efficient systems. Media advertisements accompany
the initiative as well as an “Energy Calculator” which can
be used on the website of www.saveenergy.co.in
The “Energy Calculator” is a powerful tool for calculating
the power consumption of star rated AC – and it gives the
consumer an idea of the annual energy savings by using 5*
rated equipment. This touch screen calculator is exhibited
at conferences, showrooms and symposiums as part
of the program.
Description 1* A/C 5* A/C
Operation
8 Hours a day,
252 days a year
8 Hours a day,
252 days a year
Size 1.5TR 1.5TR
Electricity Tariff
INR 5.5 Per
KWHr
INR 5.5 Per
KWHr
Annual Operating
Cost
INR 18,301 INR 13,719
Savings Of 5*
Over 1*
INR 4,582
Price Difference
in Market
~ INR 5,000
Payback Period ~ 1 Year
Comparing 1* with 5* AC
For more information please visit www.saveenergy.co.in
In addition to the webinar proceedings, there is a
interactive CD which includes:
For more information contact Inspired to be Green team at
+91 98432 68083; info@inspiredgreen.in
Else please visit : www.greenbuildingresearchinstitute.org
• From the green building basics to cost & schedule
impact of each LEEDTM
credit.
• Sample mock exams for green building exams
like IGBC AP, LEEDTM
AP aspirants
• Opportunity assessment in the east & west - US-
Canada - UAE - India- China
• Other green building rating systems - GRIHA-
green globes - estidama pearl - China 3 star
• Green building process- planning charette - design
- construction - commissioning - closing
• Green technologies - BIM, energy modeling &
other tools
• Green building project management
• Lessons learned from building LEEDTM
platinum
• Performance of LEEDTM
projects
• The future of green building industry
Green Building Research Institute
Your Research Partner in Sustainability & Green Buildings
" THE ELEMENTS "
...Of a Green Home
inspired to be
for those inspired by green, written by the experts
15 th
September 10:00 AM REGISTER TODAY!
Green Building Training CD

What is a Green Building?
Buildings are responsible for almost one-half of all greenhouse gas emissions today. “A
green building is one which uses less water, optimizes energy efficiency, conserves natural
resources, generates less waste and provides healthier spaces for occupants, as compared to
a conventional building.”
Why Make your Building Green?
The environmental impact of the building design, construction and operation industry is
significant. Buildings annually consume more than 20% of the electricity used in India.
Development shifts land usage away from natural, biologically-diverse habitats to hardscape
thatisimperviousanddevoidofbiodiversity.Thefarreachinginfluenceofthebuiltenvironment
necessitates action to reduce its impact. Green building practices can substantially reduce
or eliminate negative environmental impacts and improve existing unsustainable design,
construction and operational practices. As an added benefit, green design measures reduce
operating costs, enhance building marketability, increase employee productivity and
reduce potential liability resulting from indoor air quality problems.
Studies of employees in green buildings reported productivity gains of up to 16%, including
reductions in absenteeism and improved work quality, based on “people friendly” green design.
In other words, green building design has environmental, economic and social elements that
benefit all building stakeholders, including owners, occupants and the general public.
An outlook of initiation and the growth of green
building sector in India.
Green Building
Movement in India
About Indian Green Building Council (IGBC)
The Indian Green Building Council (IGBC) was formed by Confederation of Indian Industry
(CII) in the year 2001. The vision of the council is to usher in a green building movement
in India and facilitate India to become one of the global leaders in green buildings by 2015.
The council offers a wide array of services which include developing new green building rating
programmes, certification services and green building training programmes. The council also
organises Green Building Congress, India’s annual flagship event on green buildings.
The council is committee-based, member driven and consensus-focussed.All the stakeholders
of construction industry comprising of architects, developers, product manufacturers,
corporate, Government, academia and nodal agencies participate in the council activities
through local chapters.
Information and image source : CII-IGBC www.igbc.in

CII Sohrabji Godrej Green Business Centre Building, Hyderabad.LEED NC - Platinum Certified
Green Building movement in India
EversincetheactivelaunchofIGBCintheyear2001,thegreenbuildingmovementinIndiaismovingfromstrengthtostrength
which is poised to reach stellar heights. The council housed in a green building, CII-Sohrabji Godrej Green Business Centre,
Hyderabad is the first ‘LEED Platinum’ rated green building in India and third in the world.
From a humble beginning of 20,000 Sq.ft of green building foot print, today the green building movement in India
stands tall with 691 projects both in government and private sector amounting to over 433 M Sq.ft of built up area.
Today a variety of IGBC rated green building projects are coming up in the country. This includes government buildings,
residential complexes, factory buildings, convention centers, hotels, hospitals, educational institutions, laboratories, IT
parks, airports, and corporate offices.
With 691 Registered buildings, 433 Million Sq.ft of green foot print and still counting...
1 0 2 1 10 2 17 540 10
80
15
322
30
465
63
691
110
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
Registered
Certified
First 100 certified Green Buildings in India
Adding one more feather to its cap IGBC has facilitated India to demonstrate first 100 fully functional green building
projects. This has been a landmark achievement that has put India on the world map for green buildings. This includes a
variety of buildings like corporate offices, convention centres, hotels, hospitals, IT parks, factories, airports, educational
institutions, government institutions, etc.

Tamil Nadu Leglislative Assembly, LEED India NC Gold
IGBC Green Building rating programmes
The IGBC green building design guidelines revolves around
the 5 elements of nature viz., Site, Water, Energy, Materials
and Indoor Air Quality. The rating programmes adopt a holistic
approach towards building design, construction and operation.
The rating programmes include:
• IGBC Green Homes: Applicable for residential buildings
which include individual homes, gated communities and
high rise residential buildings
• IGBC Green Factory Building: Addresses the sustainable
design and construction practices of upcoming and existing
industrial buildings across all the sectors.
• IGBC Green SEZ: An extension of Green SEZ guidelines
jointly developed by the Ministry of Commerce and
Industry (MoCI) and IGBC. Guidelines designed to address
the efficient and effective design plan for newly notified
Government and private SEZ’s.
• LEED India for New Construction (NC) and Core &
Shell (CS): Guidelines designed to address the design and
construction of environmentally sound commercial and
institutional green buildings.
Features of IGBC Green Building
rating systems
The IGBC Green Building Rating System is a voluntary,
consensus – based, market-driven building rating system based
on existing proven technology. It evaluates environmental
performance from a whole building perspective over a
building’s life cycle, providing a definitive standard for what
constitutes a “green building”. The rating systems revolve
around the 5 elements of nature viz., Site, Water, Energy,
Materials and Indoor Air Quality. An additional category,
Innovation & Design Process, addresses sustainable building
expertise as well as design measures not covered under the
five environmental categories.
IGBC green building rating programs are the measurement
systems designed for rating variety of buildings like corporate
offices, convention centres, hotels, hospitals, ITparks, factories,
airports, educational institutions, government institutions, etc.
It is based on accepted energy and environmental principles
and strikes a balance between known established practices and
emerging concepts.
BCIL T-ZED Homes, Bangalore, IGBC Green Homes Platinum
0
151
0
31.9
71.1
88
42
146.24
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
2007 2008 2009 2010
Year
Year
RegisteredProjects&MillionSq.ft
No of regisered projects
Area (M Sq.ft)
35% green footprint (146.24 Million sq ft) is from Homes
Green Homes gaining ground
IGBC has launched its Green Homes rating system in the year 2007 system for individual and commercial residential developments
which was a spectacular success with over 150 registered projects creating a foot print of over 145 M Sq.ft both from leading
developers and individuals building their homes. IGBC is well poised to transform the residential building market through active
support of Indian construction industry stakeholders.
New Rating Systems
IGBC is working stern in devising new rating systems to suit well the diverse building typologies. IGBC Green Townships & IGBC
Green Cities which are much more diverse in scale are expected to be launched very soon. Green schools, existing buildings and
green landscaping are also in the development phase. For devising these rating systems a systematic approach has been adopted with
the expertise of eminent industry professionals, architects and other experts of that particular field, which makes it much more valid.

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F O U N D I N G M E M B E R

8
th
Edition
Green
Building
Congress 2010
6-9 October 2010
Chennai Trade Centre, Chennai, India
Country Partner
ª
ª
ª
ª
ª
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Acoustical systems
Adhesive / Paints /
Sealants
Building automation &
controls
Ceiling systems
Flooring systems
Heating, Ventilation & AC
equipment & systems
ª
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Insulation
Lighting & day lighting
products
Plumbing, water systems
& treatment
Site & landscape products
Waste management,
salvage & recycling
services..... and more
Some of the key speakers
Since 1895
Date Event
5 & 6 October Training Programme on Green Building Rating Systems
5 & 6 October Training Programme on Energy Simulation
7 - 9 October Exhibition on Green Building Products & Technologies
7 & 8 October International Conference on Green Buildings
6 & 9 October Green Building Mission
9 October Conference on Green Homes
Conference Registration
R. Sudharsan
+91 99890 91742
r.sudharsan@cii.in
Exhibition Space Booking & Sponsorship
K Raman
+91 99890 91743
k.raman@cii.in
Training Programme & Green Building Tours
Sriram Bhaskar
+91 99890 91744
sriram.bhaskar@cii.in
Exhibition Entry Pass & Visitor Registration
Ziaur Rahman
+91 99890 91744
ziaur.rahman@cii.in
www.igbc.in
Knowledge Partner Principal Supporters
Co-Principal Supporters
Platinum Supporters
Ar Rajeev Kathpalia
Vastu Shilpa Consultants
Mr Chris Smith
USGBC
Dr Kath Williams
Kath Williams + Associates
Ms Chitra Vishwanath
Biome Environmental Solutions
Prof Roland Stulz
Novatlantis, Switzerland
Some of the products / technologies on displayThe event will feature the following
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Architectural perspectives
National & international
experiences
Green building movement -
global & national trends
Case studies - national &
international
Green building rating
systems
Public Policies
Focus Areas
Asia's largest green building conference & exhibition
Ar Karan Grover
Karan Grover Associates
Mr Christopher C Benninger
CCB Architects
Mr Tim Cole
USGBC
Dr Prem C Jain
IGBC
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As electricity prices and building's power consumption
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scrutiny. Cooling accounts for more than 40 percent of
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many cases, represents a significant opportunity to reduce
building's energy costs.
Many modern buildings require cooling either for the
comfort of the occupants or to protect the processes or
equipment they contain. There are three typical methods
which can be employed to cool these buildings;
• Natural Ventilation
• Evaporative Cooling
• Air Conditioning
The choice of system can have a dramatic
effect on the energy consumed of the
building due to their different electrical
demands.
Ventilation systems can provide comfort cooling for most
of the year. During prolonged periods of high temperatures
they are unable to maintain internal temperatures at
comfortable levels. Air Conditioning is effective but can
be expensive to operate. Evaporative cooling, which
can produce comfortable temperature consistently
provides an intermediate solution which consumes only a
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Evaporative cooling - The Most Natural
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Evaporative cooling utilizes the basics of air and water to
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Because of its effectiveness in cooling and humidification,
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climate control.
An evaporative cooling system consists of pads which are
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cooled and humidified air.
The economy of using evaporative cooling is surprising
to most people. A 90% reduction in energy used by using
evaporative cooling compared to a conventional air
conditioning unit seems too good to be true.
Energy costs are likely to continue to rise in the future as
will the energy requirements of most organizations. Taking
steps today to increase the efficiency of the cooling system
can offset the impact of rising energy costs.
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Current Market Scenario
Increasing prosperity & the lowering prices of window and split
air-conditioners have made them affordable to most middle
class home owners. However, despite the price afford ability,
many homeowners still hesitate to purchase an air conditioner
when they consider the high running costs. This is an untapped
market and provides an opportunity to “broaden the pond” for
air-conditioner manufacturers.
There is an opportunity for window air-conditioner
manufacturers to think out of the box and “broaden the pond”
to exponentially expand the size of the target market.
In this context, the following issues in the background are
important to note :
• India is under increasing pressure to cut greenhouse
gases and be more energy efficient.
• As per the Bureau of Energy Efficiency’s statistics,the
building sector in India accounts for 33% of the
total energy consumed. Of this, the residential
sector accounts for 25% and the commercial sector
accounts for 8%.
• Buildings account for close to 10% of the global
greenhouse abatement potential. Retrofit of residential
HVAC is one of the most important measures to being
more energy efficient & thereby lowering greenhouse
gas emissions.
• Bureau of Energy Efficiency (which is under the aegis
of Ministry of Power, Govt of India) has introduced the
Energy Conservation & Building Code (ECBC 2007) as
a voluntary code but is well on the way to making it
mandatory in a phased manner.•
• Energy cost will only increase in times to come, and
the pressure on the air-conditioner market to lower
energy consumption will increase dramatically, as air
conditioners account for the major chunk of energy
consumption in any household or building.
• Therefore, considering these issues, it is important
for the air-conditioning business to think differently
to offer to address customers who are not yet in
the addressable market.
Residential Building Insulation
Residential Building insulation is a very well established
concept globally. In India,till recently, it was virtually unknown.
However with increasing temperatures & rising energy costs,
the market for building insulation is starting to grow in India.
Building insulation is one of the components towards an
energy efficient building envelope. It serves as the outer shell
to protect the indoor environment as well as to facilitate its
climate control.
In tropical climates like India, 80% of the total heat gain is due
to direct solar radiation and the rest is due to temperature
difference between the exteriors and interiors. Thus to reduce
the overall Relative Heat Gain (RHG), it becomes necessary to
curtail the incoming solar radiation. This is s typically achieved
by the use of opaque insulation for walls & roofs and the use
of solar control glass with high performance solar coatings.
How Residential Building Insulation
improves Air-conditioning performance
Effective residential building insulation reduces heat ingress
into the building thereby lowering power consumption for air-
conditioning dramatically for the consumer. This is a simple
but effective “win-win” situation for all stakeholders.
The initial capital cost of air-conditioners itself may not be
a deterrent to many consumers, but the high running costs
(increase in monthly electricity bills by at least Rs. 800/-per
month) are usually a huge deterrent.
An air-conditioning solution that could be a certain winner in
the Indian market would be one that meets two criteria:
• Air-conditionersthatentaillowinitialcapitalinvestment.
• Power consumption is low enough so that the increase
in monthly electricity cost is very low
Air conditioner manufacturers have already worked on
bringing the initial capital investment well within the reach of
most Indian home-owners. The easy availability of consumer
credit for purchase of appliances also does not make this a
major barrier in a “purchase decision”.
How better
home insulation
could “broaden the pond” for the air
conditioner market in India
by Mr.R.Rangarajan, Chief Executive, Supreme Petrochem Ltd, Mumbai. e-mail: r_rangarajan@spl.co.in

With steps like BEE Energy Star certification, the air-
conditioning industry has done a lot of work to increase
energy efficiency. However, the high power consumption is
still viewed as a barrier towards a purchase decision by most
home-owners. The running cost for an air-conditioner is still
perceived as prohibitively high.
This is where residential building insulation can play an
important role by lowering power consumption through a
more efficient building envelope. The resultant lower energy
bills can make air-conditioners affordable from a running-cost
perspective, and thereby provide an incentive for customers
to buy an air-conditioner.
In a building it is estimated that 20% of the solar heat gain
comes through the roof & 15% through the walls, and the
remaining from the windows, doors, occupants, ground and
other heat sources like appliances, etc.. Through calculations
it can be established that heat gain from a roof alone reduces
by almost 87% through application of 50mm Extruded
Polystyrene (XPS) thermal insulation.
It is possible to reduce heat gain by 70% by proper use of
insulation in the building envelope thereby reducing power
consumption required to cool the interiors. We have estimated
that with a 70% reduction of heat load, the savings accrued
through reduced electricity costs are quite dramatic. (Refer to
Fig 1 and Fig 2 a graphical representation of the same). This
makes the monthly running cost of an air-conditioner in an
insulated building come down by almost 70% !!
With such a monthly running cost, the barrier for potential
home owners who defer purchases of air-conditioners due to
their high monthly running costs gets lowered tremendously.
It provides an incentive for more homeowners to buy & avail
of the benefits of air-conditioning without having to worry
about exorbitant electricity bills.
appliances also does not make this a major barrier in a “purchase decision”.
With steps like BEE Energy Star certification, the air-conditioning industry has done a lot of work to
increase energy efficiency. However, the high power consumption is still viewed as a barrier towards
a purchase decision by most home-owners. The running cost for an air-conditioner is still perceived
as prohibitively high.
This is where residential building insulation can play an important role by lowering power consumption
through a more efficient building envelope. The resultant lower energy bills can makes air-
conditioners affordable from a running-cost perspective, and thereby provides an incentive for
customers to buy an air-conditioner.
In a building it is estimated that 20% of the solar heat gain comes through the roof & 15% through the
walls, and the remaining from the windows, doors, occupants, ground and other heat sources like
appliances, etc.. Through calculations it can be established that heat gain from a roof alone reduces
by almost 87% through application of 50mm Extruded Polystyrene (XPS) thermal insulation.
It is possible to reduce heat gain by 70% by proper use of insulation in the building envelope thereby
reducing power consumption required to cool the interiors. We have estimated that with a 70%
reduction of heat load, the savings accrued through reduced electricity costs are quite dramatic.
(Refer to Fig 1 & a graphical representation of the same in Fig 2). This makes the monthly running
cost of an air-conditioner in an insulated building come down by almost 70% !!
Figure 1 - Energy consumption of air-conditioner in an uninsulated and insulated building
With such a monthly running cost, the barrier for potential home owners who defer purchases of air-
conditioners due to their high monthly running costs gets lowered tremendously. It provides an
incentive for more homeowners to buy & avail of the benefits of air-conditioning without having to
worry about exorbitant electricity bills.
Figure 2 - Savings from use of energy efficient air-conditioners in uninsulated & insulated buildings
In addition to the quantifiable savings that residential building insulation brings, there are several other
advantages where the performance of the air-conditioner improves dramatically:
1. Reaches the comfort temperature faster
2. Reduces start-up time by 1/3
rd
.
3. Saves Energy & Money – approx. 70% less power consumption
4. Avoids cycling of the compressor meaning that there are no voltage peaks
Rs. -
Rs. 2,000
Rs. 4,000
Rs. 6,000
Rs. 8,000
Rs. 10,000
Rs. 12,000
Rs. 14,000
Rs. 16,000
Rs. 18,000
Rs. 20,000
No Star 1 Star 2 Star 3 Star 4 Star 5 Star
Total Electricity Cost per month
(Rs)
Total Savings w.r.t "No Star" per
annum (Rs)
Total Electricity Cost per month
with insulation (Rs)
Total Savings w.r.t (No insulation
+ "No Star") per annum (Rs)
Figure 1 -Energy consumption of air-conditioner in an uninsulated and insulated building
Figure 2 -Savings from use of energy efficient air-conditioners in uninsulated & insulated buildings

Why the air-conditioning industry should pitch for
residential building insulation
The lack of residential building insulation hampers in bringing
out the best efficiency in an air-conditioner in the current
paradigm in India. The recommendation by air-conditioner
manufacturers to use building insulation will bring out the best
performance of air-conditioners and will lead to a broadening of
the market for the air-conditioner business.
It is estimated that the building sector accounts for 3.5% of
global greenhouse gas emissions and is set to increase to
4.6% by 2030.
As mitigation measures, Air conditioning and building insulation
are areas where maximum reduction in greenhouse gases can
be achieved in the building sector at low costs.
Building insulation in conjunction with good air-conditioning
can thus help reduce energy consumption, and yet provide
the comforts of climate control in an environmentally friendly
manner. Thus it would be a responsible, yet good business
decision for air-conditioner manufacturers to promote building
insulation strongly as a recommended building measure as it
will lead to higher air-conditioner sales and also enhances the
effectiveness of air-conditioning.
INSUboard XPS Thermal insulation contributes to a
Green Building
INSUboard XPS thermal insulation is made in India by Supreme
Petrochem Ltd. The use of INSUboard XPS Thermal Insulation
enhances the energy performance of the building envelope and
lowers costs throughly.
• Lowers energy consumption for cooling & heating resulting
in energy savings.
• Lower HVAC equipment sizings resulting in capital costs
savings.
• Enhances indoor temperature & air quality therby resulting
in better health & productivity for the occupants.
• Enhances building marketability to the owners.
Insulation in ceiling - Application Insulation in roof- Application

Sustainable Use of
Glass in Tall Buildings
T
all buildings clad in glass are being
constructed in urban environments all
around the world. Glass has been
the preferred material in the
construction of tall buildings because
it offers fast construction, off site
fabrication and lightness to the
building structure. On the one hand
glass is an ingenious façade material
but on the other hand, it has made
our buildings into energy guzzlers. The
amount of energy required to heat or cool a glass
building is significantly more than a building with
thermal mass in the exterior walls. The federal, state
& city ordained energy efficiency requirements have
become more and more stringent and it has become
very important to rethink our glass buildings. So
where is the demand for glass-clad buildings
coming from? Let’s take a brief look at the world of
real estate development in particular of New York City
to understand this trend. The hope is to understand
the demand side of the development industry and
renew a set of design management strategies that
can at least question if not curb the incessant supply
of inefficient glass buildings before they are blindly
supplanted all over the developing world.
Form follows New York
The famous New York skyline has been a symbol of
economic progress and inspiration for a number of
burgeoning economic centers all over the world. In
order to understand why tall buildings look like the
way they do in New York City, we must look at some
factors outside of architecture and design which
have historically predestined whether a building will
be a glass building or mass building.
A look at the Lever house in New York gives a great
example of Corporate Modernism in America. This
building established a new paradigm for American
business. This symbol of Corporate America has
driven the vocabulary of steel and glass in high rise
corporate towers until the end of the last century
culminating with the AOL Time Warner Center in New
York City. The difference however was that the latter
was developer built. In most cases the developer
who builds the projects is not really the end user. The
developer typically leverages the pre-construction
sales of the building to secure lending from banking
institutions for construction and once the building
is built the developer transfers the ownership to
the future buyers and exits. Bluntly speaking, it is
a bottom-line business. “Owners want the quickest
build-out at the lowest first cost in order for the future
tenants to occupy the space and generate revenue
as soon as possible”, says Michael Deane of Turner
Construction. So there is usually a limited interest
in features that have long term benefits, such as
energy efficiency measures, as the developers are
not generally around to reap those benefits. Lever House, New York
New York Skyline

This article is penned by Mr.Bhaskar Srivastava. He is a senior executive of Ismael Leyva Architects (ILA)
he has a Master of Architecture degree from the University of Texas at Austin, Being a LEED Accredited
Professional and a member of the United States Green Building Council (USGBC), Bhaskar has
worked on several levels of LEED recognized developments. He has traveled widely and also worked
as a Historical Preservationist alongside Archaeologists in restoring ancient Greek structures for the
Museum of Tauric Chersonesos in Sevastopol, Crimea. He is currently involved with the international
operations for ILA in Doha and New Delhi.
Form follows Marketing
Most tall luxury buildings are being sold with fancy European
names making promises of the elysium that lies within. The
promise of extreme comfort, sprawling views and out-of-the
world amenities brings in astronomical amounts of dollars per
square foot in sales. The cost of constructing residences or
hotel rooms in these tall mixed use developments is usually
so prohibitive that they have to be marketed as ultra-luxury
items in order to recover the costs. The marketing team is
brought in to create a sales strategy very early in the planning
process. They target the very slim section of demographics
that will pay a very high price per square foot if their priorities
are met. The priority list of this very slim section of the
demographics becomes a big determinant of building design.
We have observed that this buyer prioritizes sprawling views,
security, recreation amenities and comfort technologies
much before they even consider the exterior design of the
building. However, the demand for sprawling views has a
great impact on the exterior skin of the building. The design
challenge typically is to preserve the buyer’s priority for views
and still achieve a high performance building.
Form follows Energy Demand
Sustainable architecture today is focused on reducing energy
consumption in buildings. However, our built environment
is shaped more by energy demand rather than energy
consumption. While the power consumption in tall buildings
has been brought down with daylighting strategies, LED
lighting, occupancy sensors etc, the demand load is still
3-4 times the consumption in these buildings. The demand
loads can only be brought down by reducing the mechanical
infrastructure in these buildings without compromising
thermal comfort and allowable factors of safety.
Whereas real prices of various energy forms have been
decreasing during most of the industrial history, due to
economies of scale and technology, the expectation for the
future is the opposite. We have realized that the real problem
facing us is not just population growth but population
growth coupled with the fact that our resources are finite.
Tall sustainable buildings will need to reduce the burden
on city infrastructure & the energy industry by installing
some demand side strategies and actually reducing the
infrastructural requirements of these buildings.
Conclusion: Form follows Technology
Historically, tall buildings have fueled the vanity of large
corporations and developers. The glitzy glass clad tall
buildings have heralded economic progress on the skyline
of many cities. Times have changed and glass clad buildings
are being criticized for their energy inefficiency. The need to
conserve, recycle and reuse resources is more urgent than
ever. The vision of endless corporate utopia offered by glass
clad skylines needs a little adjustment. With the development
of double or triple skin facades or pressure equalized 2 or
3 element systems, tall buildings can be made to perform
efficiently. We need to use the latest in these technologies
and transfer it to the local context of their construction.
Tall buildings may form a small percentage of our total built
environment but they are definitely the most visible elements
of our urban centers. Sustainable tall buildings should
use this ability to showcase the visible elements of green
technologies in order to sensitize the spectators with their
built environment.
AOL Time Warner Centre, New York

What can we do to stop Global Warming ?
From the month of February itself, you must be tired of the scotching and unbearable heat. Mangoes that were available only
in the month of May-June have hit the markets in March itself. So what do you think is the reason????…. The only reason
for this untimely rise in temperature is – GLOBAL WARMING !!
What can we do to stop Global Warming?
• Replace a regular incandescent light bulb with a compact
fluorescent light bulb (cfl). CFLs use 60% less energy than
a regular bulb.
• Choose energy efficient appliances when making new
purchases. Look for the Energy Star label on new appliances
to choose the most energy efficient products available.
• Do not leave appliances on standby. Use the "on/off"
function on the machine itself. A TV set that's switched on
for 3 hours a day and in standby mode during the remaining
21 hours uses about 40% of its energy in standby mode.
• Cover your pots while cooking. Doing so can save a lot of
the energy needed for preparing the dish.
• Choose products that come with little packaging and buy
refills when you can.
• Reuse your shopping bag. When shopping, it saves
energy and waste to use a reusable bag instead of accepting
a disposable one in each shop. Waste not only discharges
CO2 and methane into the atmosphere, it can also pollute
the air, groundwater and soil.
• Plant a tree. A single tree will absorb one ton of carbon
dioxide over its lifetime. Shade provided by trees can also
reduce your air conditioning bill by 10 to 15%.
Author: Abhay Desai – Director Marketing South Asia, Diversey India Pvt Ltd.
• Buy fresh foods instead of frozen. Frozen food uses 10
times more energy to produce.
• Drive carefully and do not waste fuel. You can reduce
CO2 emissions by readjusting your driving style. Choose
proper gears, do not abuse the gas pedal, use the engine
brake instead of the pedal brake when possible and turn
off your engine when your vehicle is motionless for more
than one minute. By readjusting your driving style you can
save money on both fuel and car maintenance.
• Protect and conserve forest worldwide. Forests play a
critical role in global warming: they store carbon. When
forests are burned or cut down, their stored carbon is
release into the atmosphere. Deforestation now accounts
for about 20% of carbon dioxide emissions each year.
• Encourage Others to Conserve. Share information about
recycling and energy conservation with your friends,
neighbors and co-workers, and take opportunities to
encourage public officials to establish programs and
policies that are good for the environment. Conservation,
substitution alternative energy sources, recycling,
sequestration of carbon, transportation alternatives, and
generally promoting wider awareness of the threats that
global warming and pollution represent to us.

A cleaner,
healthier
future.
As JohnsonDiversey, you expected us to deliver the best,
most effective portfolio of cleaning products. You relied on
our world-class innovation and service to make cleaning
and sanitation more efficient. You valued partnering with us
to address the most challenging needs. You looked to our
leadership in making a cleaner, healthier future for the world.
Now, we’re simplifying our name under one powerful
brand—Diversey—to better reflect our world leadership in the
commercial cleaning and hygiene business. As Diversey, you
can continue to expect us to deliver the very best products,
services and partnership. And you can count on us to do even
more to deliver real, sustainable value.
We’re Diversey, and we’re leading the world toward
a cleaner, healthier future.
Diversey India Pvt. Ltd
A - 8, Laxmi Towers, Bandra Kurla Complex
Mumbai 400 051
Tel: 022 66444222
www.diversey.com

ITC Green Centre
Inspired by nature
Ina chapter of The Road, Rachael Carlson wrote
"the road we have been taking is deceptively easy
a smooth super highway on which we progress with great
speed, but at its end lies disaster.The other fork of the road
-the one less travelled by" -offers our last our only chance
to reach a destination that assures the preservation of
our earth.
ITC commenced its journey on the less traveled road
some 17 years ago. In the bargain, discovering unknown
opportunities leading to new ways of doing old things,
learning the art of eco designing, which is nothing but
the art of seeing opportunities where none exist.
Conceptualization, modeling and scaling up has been
the forte of the Company. The ecological challenges
thrown up by modern industrial life styles have brought
in its wake innumerable challenges which need to be
addressed creatively & innovatively by process, policy
and design innovation which will hopefully result in
reducing our collective environment foot print.

"During the next quarter century, the most significant net contribution to a greener world will be made by
industry. Not every company is there yet, but most are trying.Those that aren't trying won't be a problem
simply because they won't be around long term". EdWoolard - former chairman of DuPont
The Company, as an ecological pioneer, has over the
years integrated environment imperatives in its entire
management system right from roots to shoots. In a
very short span of time the Company has established
more than 400 check dams in rural parts of India to
enhance water security for the marginalized farmers
& helped over 2 million farmers to enhance their
earning capacity through knowledge empowerment
techniques. Its paper division has reduced water
consumption from 250 tones of water to 50 tones water
per tone of paper produced.
The Welcomgroup chain has been identified as the
greenest chain in the country by Business Standard.
With the already established "green lining" that exists
in the company, it was easy for the management to
plunge into theGreen Building concept which emerged
in India in 2002.
The work in our new ITC office project had already
commenced and management had to make some
course correction to adopt the criteria laid by
USGBC. Inspite of the fact that there will be time and
cost over runs, this bold green initiative was taken
and implemented.
With exploding population, increase earning capacity
and withthehigheraspirations of people,the pressure
on natural resources will go up exponentially and as
rightly pointed out by many enlightened people, such
growthisnotsustainable. Therefore,aneedforcreative
means of regulating the use of finite natural resources.
The Green Building has the following features
in brief:
• Building constructed with Fly Ash based cement
RMC (3.36%), Autoclave Aerated Concrete (AAC)
Blocks (55%)
• Double glazed windows with low-e coating
• Rain water harvesting
• Use ofVariable AirVolume Chiller of 6.1
• CFC, HCFC & Halon free air- conditioning system
• Solar thermal water heating system for hot water
generation
• Light pollution reduction
• Use of day lighting resulting in reduction of life
cycle cost on energy front
• Energy efficient lighting (T5 lamps with electronic
ballast,high efficient luminarie)
• Water saving techniques
• Water efficient landscaping
• Sewagetreatmentplantandwastewaterrecycling
• LowVOC, rapidly renewable & certified materials
• Use of certified wood
• Eco friendly house keeping chemicals & practices
• EnvironmentTobacco smoke control
• Carbon dioxide monitoring

In a country where the construction industry is growing
at the rate of 10% per annum approximately, a few green
buildings will not suffice. Keeping the above perspective
in place, ITC Green Centre has been instrumental in
engaging all stake holders in green building practices,
introduced Green building concepts & demonstrated
to law makers so that changed policies and economic
instruments of GOI results in green building becoming
partofbuildingbyelaws,asopposedtofeworganizations
taking up the green path in construction.
The organization, during the construction stage,
sensitized 3,000 stake holders of ITC Green Centre. In
addition ITC Welcomgroup conducts regular eco design
programmes for schools, colleges, SME’s (Small and
Medium Enterprises) and chambers of commerce as part
of its eco - responsible best practices, so that a cascading
effect takes place in the shortest span of time.
Thus the ITC Green Centre in Gurgoan with 53 points
in the LEED rating system is the platinum certified
green building. This initiative by a giant corporate like
Welcomgroup is definitely a trend setting example.
Believed to be inspired from the nature, it inspires
other new ventures too, in that way apart from its
contribution to the nature, it may be considered to be
spreading the message of green in a wider angle. And
definitely the amount of thought gone behind the
design and execution is marvellous. The Welcomgroup’s
involvement in going green is evident by their self
initiatives such as the green education, and the effort to
make green building as a part of the bye laws. Inspired to
be GREEN thanks Welcomgroup for such initiatives, and
believe that it shall widespread the concept of green.

E-Waste & Recycling
Addressing an upcoming threat
Defining e-waste
E-Waste for short - or Waste Electrical and Electronic
Equipment (WEEE) - is the term used to describe old,
end-of-lifeordiscardedappliancesusingelectricity.Itincludes
computers, consumer electronics, fridges etc which have
been disposed of by their original users. E-Waste contains
both valuable materials as well as hazardous materials which
require special handling and recycling methods.
Examples: Computers, LCD / CRT screens, cooling appliances,
mobile phones, etc., contain precious metals, flame retarded
plastics, CFC foams and many other substances.
European Union (EU)Directive on WEEE
Large HouseholdAppliances
Washingmachines, Dryers, Refrigerators, Air-conditioners, etc.
Small HouseholdAppliances
Vacuumcleaners, Coffee Machines, Irons, Toasters, etc
Office,Information& CommunicationEquipment
PCs, Latops, Mobiles, Telephones, Fax Machines,Copiers, Printersetc.
Entertainment& ConsumerElectronics
Televisions, VCR/DVD/CDplayers, Hi-Fisets, Radios, etc
LightingEquipment
Fluorescenttubes, sodiumlampsetc.(Except:Bulbs, HalogenBulbs)
Electricand ElectronicTools
Drills, Electric saws, SewingMachines, LawnMowersetc.(Except:large
stationarytools/machines)
Toys,Leisure,Sports and Recreational Equipment
Electric train sets, coin slot machines, treadmillsetc.
Medical InstrumentsandEquipment
Surveillance andControl Equipment
AutomaticIssuingMachines
Implications to Environment
E-waste poses many health and environment problems
if disposed improperly due to the hazardous materials
that are contained in e-waste such as lead, mercury
and cadmium.
Computer monitors, batteries, circuit boards and even
toner and ink products are common e-waste items that
require disposal. Computer monitors contain lead that
when land filled ends up in our water and our soil. Most
e-waste contains significant amounts of mercury, and
almost all plastic found in electronics contain brominate
flame retardants.
Computers and display units contain significant amounts
of material that are hazardous to human health if they
are not disposed of properly. Monitors and televisions
constitute 40% of all lead and 70% of all heavy metals
found in landfills. These heavy metals and other toxins
that can leach into the soil from landfills, evaporate into
the air, and enter the air through incineration.
E-waste constitutes only 5-8 percent of municipal solid
waste, yet it is accumulating at a rate three times that of
other solid waste.
by Santhosh M, IGBC AP e-mail: santhosharch@gmail.com

Toxins in e-waste include polyvinyl chloride (PVC
plastics), copper, lead, mercury, arsenic (in older
models), cadmium, manganese, cobalt, gold, and iron.
Between 1994 and 2003, disposal of
PCs resulted in 718,000 tons of lead,
287 tons of mercury, and 1,363 tons of
cadmium being placed in landfills.
There is uncertainty about the intensity of the impact
of chemicals in e-waste on human health. Toxicology
is not an exact science, and there is rarely universal
agreement on how a given chemical substance affects
human physiology. This disagreement is compounded
by the fact that hazard identification tests are often
conducted using mice and rats, and then extrapolated
to identify human carcinogens and toxins.
This figure from the Texas Senate Research Center
shows the location of contaminants in a standard
home computer.
1. Lead in cathode ray tubes and solder
2. Arsenic in older cathode ray tubes
3. Selenium circuid boards as power supply
4. Polybrominated flame retardants in plastic
castings, cables and circuit boards.
5. Antimony trioxide as flame retardant.
6. Cadmium in circuit boards and semi-conductors.
7. Chrommium in steel as corrosion protection.
8. Cobalt in steel for structure and magnetivity.
9. Mercury in switches and housing
Source of e-wastes Constituent Health effects
Solder in printed circuit boards,
glass panels and gaskets in
computer monitors
Lead (PB)
• Damage to central and peripheral nervous
systems, blood systems and kidney damage.
• Affects brain development of children.
Chip resistors and semiconductors Cadmium (CD)
• Toxic irreversible effects on human health.
• Accumulates in kidney and liver.
• Causes neural damage.
• Teratogenic.
Relays and switches, printed circuit
boards
Mercury (Hg)
• Chronic damage to the brain.
• Respiratory and skin disorders due to
bioaccumulation in fishes.
Corrosion protection of untreated
and galvanized steel plates,
decorator or hardner for steel
housings
Hexavalent
chromium (Cr)
• Asthmatic bronchitis.
• DNA damage.
Cabling and computer housing Plastics including PVC
Burning produces dioxin. It causes
• Reproductive and developmental problems;
• Immune system damage;
• Interfere with regulatory hormones
Plastic housing of electronic
equipments and circuit boards.
Brominated flame
retardants (BFR)
• Disrupts endocrine system functions
Front panel of CRTs Barium (Ba)
Short term exposure causes:
• Muscle weakness;
• Damage to heart, liver and spleen.
Motherboard Beryllium (Be)
• Carcinogenic (lung cancer)
• Inhalation of fumes and dust. Causes chronic
beryllium disease or beryllicosis.
• Skin diseases such as warts.
Sources of e-waste with their constituents & effects

Recycling Technologies
E-waste management practices comprise of various means of final disposal of end-of-life equipment which have different impacts on
human health and the environment. It can be distinguished between hazardous technologies that bear a great risk for both health
and the environment and are often applied in countries, where no strict standards exist and state-of-the-art e recycling technologies,
which comply with high environmental and occupational health standards.
Hazardous Technologies
Incineration
It is the process of destroying waste through burning. Because
of the variety of substances found in e-waste, incineration
is associated with a major risk of generating and dispersing
contaminants and toxic substances. The gases released during
the burning and the residue ash is toxic.
Open burning
Since open fires burn at relatively low temperatures, they
release many more pollutants than in a controlled incineration.
Inhalation of open fire emissions can trigger asthma attacks,
respiratory infections, and cause other problems such as
coughing, wheezing, chest pain, and eye irritation. Often open
fires burn with a lack of oxygen, forming carbon monoxide,
which poisons the blood when inhaled.
Landfilling
Landfilling is one of the most widely used methods of waste
disposal. However, it is common knowledge that all landfills
leak. The leachate often contains heavy metals and other
toxic substances which can contaminate ground and water
resources. Even well planned ones which are sealed to prevent
toxins from entering the ground are not completely tight
in the long-term.
State-of-the-art Recycling
Technologies
The state-of-the-art recycling of e-waste comprises three steps:
1. Detoxication
The first step in the recycling process is the removal of critical
components from the e-waste in order to avoid dilution of
and / or contamination with toxic substances during the
downstream processes.
2. Shredding
Mechanical processing is the next step in e-waste treatment,
Typical components of a mechanical processing plant are
crushing units, shredders, magnetic-eddy-current- and air-
separators. The gas emissions are filtered and effluents are
treated to minimize environmental impact.
3. Refining
The third step of e-waste recycling is refining. Refining of
resources in e-waste is possible and the technical solutions exist
to get back raw material with minimal environmental impact.
Most of the fractions need to be refined or conditioned in order
to be sold as secondary raw materials or to be disposed of in a
final disposal site.

E-waste and its Recycling in India
Globalization which has lead to giant leap in telecommunication, information system and also the change in the
lifestyle of people has made India to generate quite large quantity of e-waste in the recent years. And since the
e-waste management policy is not clearly defined, the present disposal is of hazardous nature. No accurate
estimates of the quantity of e-waste generated and recycled is available in India.
Major portion of e-waste is processed by the informal (unorganized) sector using rudimentary techniques such as
acid leaching and open-air burning, which results in severe environmental damage. E-waste workers have little or no
knowledge of toxins in e-waste and are exposed to health hazards. High-risk backyard recycling operations impact
vulnerable social groups like women, children and immigrant labourers. Inefficient recycling processes result in
substantial losses of material value and resources. Cherry-picking by recyclers who recover precious metals (gold,
platinum, silver, copper, etc) and improperly dispose of the rest, posing environmental hazards. There is no specific
legislation for dealing with e-waste at present.
WEEGenerating Top10 Cities
City WEE (in tonnes)
Mumbai 11017.1
Delhi 9730.3
Bengaluru 4648.4
Kolkata 4025.3
Chennai 4132.2
Ahmedabad 3287.5
Hyderabad 2833.5
Pune 2584.2
Nagpur 1768.9
Surat 1836.5
The Ministry of Environment & Forests (MoEF) of the government of India is
responsible for environmental legislation and its control. The Central Pollution
Control Board (CPCB), an autonomous body under the MoEF, plays an
important role in drafting guidelines and advising the MoEF on policy matters
regarding environmental issues. Historically, in 2001 in cooperation with
MoEF, the German Technology Cooperation (GTZ) began work on hazardous
waste management in India through the advisory services in environmental
management. Subsequently, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Material Testing
and Research (EMPA) started to implement its global programme ‘Knowledge
Partnerships in e-waste Recycling.’
Combining the knowledge and technical expertise of EMPA on ewaste
management, coupled with the field experience of the Indo-German projects
in managing hazardous waste in India, the Indo-German-Swiss ewaste initiative
was born in 2004. The vision of this initiative is to establish a clean e-waste
channel that is a:
1. Convenient collection and disposal system for large and small consumers to return all their e-waste safely.
2. Voluntary system for modern and concerned producers to care for their product beyond its useful life.
3. Financially secure system that makes environmentally and socially responsible e-waste recycling viable.
The objectives of the initiative are:
1. Reduce the risks to the population and the pollution of the environment resulting from unsafe handling.
2. Focus on knowledge transfer to and skills upgrade of all involved stakeholders through trainings and seminars.
3. Target mainly the existing informal recyclers allowing for their maximum but safe participation in future e-waste
management by facilitating their evolution and integration in formal structures.
Status of e-waste initiatives in India
Existing e-waste recycling ventures in India
• Eco Recycling Limited (Ecoreco) in Mumbai was incorporated in September 2007 to manage end of life electrical &
electronic waste in an organized manner employing necessary technology & methodology to derive commercial
objective and also to protect ecology & environment.
• Attero Recycling in Noida was in the year 2007 with an objective of providing an environmentally friendly solution
to the problem of e-waste. It’s, an integrated end-to-end electronic waste (e-waste) recycling company.
• E-Parisaraa in Bengaluru started in the year 2005, aiming to reduce the accumulation of used and discarded
electronic and electrical equipment and preventing it reaching the landfills.
• Trishyiraya Recycling in Chennai, is an e-Waste recycling company, which provides e-waste management
consultancy, it’s a wholly owned Indian subsidiary of SIMS Recycling Solutions. SIMS group is a USD 8.0 billion
corporation having facilities in over 200 locations across the globe.
Apart from such private initiatives it requires large scale government interventions in policy level and also in action to
tackle this upcoming threat, and the people’s awareness and support is most important.

Nano technology
& Green Buildings
Author: Nitin Narang, LEED AP
Nitin’s 10-year international background offers involvement in architecture and urban design projects
focusedonsustainabledesigninIndia,USA,UAE&Europe.ThisstudywasinitiatedbyNitinasindependent
research while at University of Illinois, Urbana Champaign. (Email: nitin@greenroutesinc.com)
The biggest plans for the future of our built environment
are actually very, very small. The multi billion dollar per year
nanotechnology industry has already begun to transform
our buildings and how we use them; if its potential becomes
reality, it could transform our world in ways undreamed of.
Nanotechnology has the potential to radically alter our built
environment and how we live. It is potentially the most
transformative technology we have ever faced, generating
more research and debate than nuclear weapons, space
travel, computers or any of the other technologies that
have shaped our lives.
It brings with it enormous questions, concerns
and consequences. It raises hopes and fears in every
aspect of our lives—social, economic, cultural, political, and
spiritual. Yet its potential to transform our built environment
remains largely unexplored. The nanotech revolution is
bringing dramatic improvements in building performance,
energy efficiency, environmental sensing, and sustainability,
leading the way to greener buildings.
Nanotechnology, the manipulation of matter at the molecular scale, is opening new possibilities in green building through
products like solar energy collecting paints, nanogel high-insulating translucent panels, and heat-absorbing windows. Even
more dramatic breakthroughs are now in development such as paint-on lasers that could one day allow materials to send
information to each other, windows that shift from transparent to opaque with the flip of a switch, and environmentally
friendly biocides for preserving wood. These breakthrough materials are opening new frontiers in green building, offering
unprecedented performance in energy efficiency, durability, economy and sustainability.
Chromogenic Technology: Application of Nanotechnology to Green Buildings

Smart Materials
A number of companies are using nanotechnology to add special characteristics to product surfaces, which can be anything
from stain-resistance and colour durability to self-cleaning, improved hardness and scratch-resistance, corrosion and UV
resistance, and improved thermal performance. Two nanoparticles that stand out in their application to construction materials
are titanium dioxide (TiO2) and carbon nanotubes. The former is being used for its ability to break down dirt or pollution and
then allow it to be washed off by rain water on everything from concrete to glass and the latter is being used to strengthen and
monitor concrete. Coatings made from nano-particles can be unusually tough or slippery, or exhibit unusual properties, such
as changing color when current is applied or cleaning themselves when it rains. Hybrid Materials with desired properties and
products like Nano Solar Paints provide unimaginable benefits.
Building Envelope and Thermal Performance
By tweaking molecular properties affecting thermal performance, manufacturers have been able to significantly improve this
quality in some materials, offering potential energy-efficiency benefits to buildings. Aerogels, very lightweight solids made from
silica and carbon, are a high-performing thermal product benefiting from nanotechnology.
Structural Systems
An outline research agenda for nanotechnology in cement and concrete covering the next two decades has been enacted;
however, practical applications have not yet emerged. Goals include improving mechanical and shrinkage properties, reducing
energy consumption during cement production, developing self-powered sensors to monitor the performance of installations
and developing innovative concrete materials. Material can be made ten times as strong & durable as steel for the same mass.
At Nanoscale different laws of physics come into play, properties of traditional materials change, the behavior of surfaces
start to dominate the behavior of bulk materials, and whole realms open for us. Researchers suggest that nanotechnology will
increasingly help the building industry to improve the performance of its buildings. For the time being, cost and the
relatively small number of practical applications hold back much of the prospects for nanotechnology in the
construction industry. However, materials are the core business of construction, and the prospects
for change are significant in the not too distant future. The sheer size and scope of the
construction industry means that the accompanying economic impact will be huge.
Structural System –
Use of Carbon Fiber
Flow chart showing Nanotechnology,
Sustainability and impacts on Built Form
Trans-humanism
Semiconductors
Smart Materials
Structural System
Building Envelope
Adaptable Processes
Energy Revolution/
Sustainable Methods
Built
Form
Nanotechnology
building

Green Building Materials
The choice of materials and products used in a building play an important role in the “Greeness” of a project and
has a major role in energy savings, indoor environment and can reduce the environmental impact of building
construction. The LEED and IGBC rating systems are excellent guides which provide a framework for the team to
work towards green, although architects and consultants need to go above and beyond the rating systems to achieve
higher levels of sustainability.
What are “Green Materials”?
The “Greenest Material” in the world, is the material
which has not been used, and does not exist in the
building. It has zero embodied energy and zero carbon
foot-print! This brings us to the core of Green Building
design, which is minimum material and maximum
efficiency. The team should validate the design through
energy and lighting simulations such that no element
of the building is over designed or unnecessary or only
for aesthetic purposes. Beauty comes from simple and
harmonious buildings, not from add-ons, this concept
is evident in all of Nature’s creations. I believe that
materials and products in a building are “Green” by
virtue of how they are used in an appropriate manner.
When designing, also consider the “Cradle to Cradle”
concept, which was so well developed and articulated
by sustainability pioneer, William McDonough. Any
product and material we use in the building should be
put back in the manufacturing process after its use in the
building. For example, the insulation from a demolished
building should be capable or direct reuse or processed
in some way so that it can be made into new
insulation (recycled content) or made into an entirely
new product. Currently, most of our building materials
and systems follow the “Cradle to Grave” system and
we are running out of space for “Graves” in India!
A lot has been said about the use of glass in a
Green Building, what is your take on this?
A simple analogy; medicines are vital to all life to
maintain health and cure disease. Drug abuse is when
we use these in an inappropriate way and actually cause
harm to ourselves. Similarly, glass is a vital element
in our buildings bringing in daylight and a connection
to the outdoors. Just like drug abuse, when architects
and clients use glass with no respect to the climate
and site, it becomes a deterrent to the operating cost
of the building and health of its occupants. Energy
and lighting simulations can help you to optimize
the glass quantity, orientation, shading and thermal
properties as well as guides like ECBC and ASHRAE
can assist in the building design. If used intelligently
“Glass can be Green”.

Simulation has a major role to play in material
selection; can you please elaborate the benefits?
Simulation is one of the best design validation tools
availabletoarchitectsandengineersofmodernbuildings
before a single brick is laid. The performance of the
building can be predicted and optimized to work in an
integrated and efficient system. This is the opportunity
for the team to reduce costs by going Green and break
the misconception that Green Buildings costs more.
Energy Simulation helps the team predict the energy
consumption and optimize the building elements
like walls, roofs, glazing, insulation and glazing.
The HVAC and renewable energy system can be
optimized to save first and operating costs. Also, any
green building / energy conservation strategy can be
calculated, validated and payback period estimated.
Lighting and Solar modeling is used to predict natural
daylight, artificial light as well as heat gain in the
building. These results can be analyzed and fine
tuned to optimize glazing, design shading devices and
develop a day lighting system that maximizes natural
light and compliments it with artificial light to achieve
savings and a better indoor environment.
The savings have a snowball effect on energy
conservation as reduced heat ingress and lighting loads
result in downsized HVAC systems and in turn smaller
DG and Transformers. The results are lower operating
costs and reduced maintenance. It is a win-win for
everyone involved.
India has always been sustainable, so why is the
Green Building such a new concept?
It is true that Green & sustainability has been part
of our ethos and culture from time immemorial. Our
forefathers were brilliant at living in harmony with
nature and “treading softly” on our Mother Earth.
It is very important to understand that the goals of
sustainability haven’t changed, but the way we build
andourlifestylerequirementshavegoneradicalchange.
We have gone from hand fans to mechanical fans to
air conditioners, from living with nature to protect
ourselves from it.We should be inspired by our heritage,
not imitate it. Surprisingly, some of us build with this
ancient technology rather than adopting some of the
new materials and technology available. Understanding
our past helps us to move forward confidently, but
holding on to the past will prevent progress.
Where do you see Green in India going
from here?
Green Buildings are here to stay and the number and
awareness will only increase in the future. People are
becoming more aware and conscious and would like to
do their part in preventing climate change and global
warming. Sustainability will become mainstream
architecture, services and construction and Green
lifestyles will be the only way forward for humanity.
I look forward to the day where every building
is Green, where every building offsets its carbon
footprint and has a zero discharge & waste generation
and the people of India will not accept anything less
than a Green Building. We need to show that we care
about more than just ourselves, for this is a world we
share with million other plants and animals and our
future generations should have the pleasure and joy of
experiencing it, just as well, if not better, than we do
every day of our lives.
Mr. Dhruv Futnani, LEED AP, IGBC AP.
Dhruv is anArchitect and Green Building Consultant who
has worked on various certified LEED Platinum projects
in India and USA. He may be contacted at 9500076968
or dhruvfutnani@gmail.com
Inspired to be GREEN, thanks Mr.Dhruv Futnani, for sharing his thoughts about green building to us.

T
o design buildings which reduce energy consumption,
create healthy environment and restrict negative
impacts on nature it takes a team of dedicated architects
and engineers. The use of right materials along with optimized
orientation and design of the building have a great impact on
the buildings energy consumption. High performance and
lightweight materials which allow fast construction give new
opportunities to increase energy-efficiency in buildings.
The construction industry has developed materials which are
stronger and many times lighter compared to traditional used
materials, whereby reducing the quantity of material used.
Lightweight construction helps to reduce the environmental
footprint of buildings and makes them more sustainable,
by reducing the embodied energy. The market demand for
high performance buildings and efficient use of energy has
guided the construction industry to find building materials
providing better quality and reduced environmental impact. In
the search for high performance building materials, gypsum
boards have conquered the market for partitions and ceilings
in many countries around the globe. These boards have raised
the standards for building materials by combining qualities of
exceptional fire ratings, sound insulation and design flexibility
as well as meeting the builder’s expectation for a fast and
affordable construction.
Drywall construction with gypsum boards is 9 times lighter then
compared to brick wall, hence the whole building structures can
be made lighter which saves concrete, steel and reduces the
environmental footprint of the building.
Sustainability and “green” by definition doesn’t mean only
environment friendly but also comfort to the users and
affordability. Gypsum drywalls on this aspect are not only
3-4 times faster to install but also provide thermal insulation,
acoustic insulation up to 72 dB and improve the indoor air
quality making it an appropriate material for a fast developing
construction market such as India. The international trend of
replacing inefficient “wet constructions” with drywalls is
gaining ground in India and successful implementation of
drywall systems in our country is promising a fast developing
market for gypsum boards.
Mr. Olivier Chaudet, CEO of Lafarge Boral Gypsum India sees
one of the greatest challenges for the Indian market in training
skilled labor and building awareness on advantages of drywall
system products. To address issues of training Lafarge has
established a world class training centre and invested in a mobile
training facility where yearly about 1000 people are trained,
someofthemcertifiedbygoingthroughthecompleteinstallation
course. At construction site certified installers supervise the
application of gypsum boards and ensure a new quality level
for this application. Lafarge as a Group invests half of the
R&D budget in the sustainability construction segment, and the
results are convincing. Innovation that brings value to customers
and contributes towards more sustainable constructions is the
main aim of such a focus through investment in research. A
successful product is developed by working closely with the
design community to learn of specific requirements and address
the different needs of architects and builders.
To address the issue of awareness LaGyp the brand of complete
gypsum board solutions by Lafarge in India has also worked on
several programs to be close to the design community as part of
its global approach. Programs such as the Lafarge Avant Garde
offers exchange opportunities through workshops, international
knowledge sharing trips and online information as well as
consultancy services.
Gypsum Boards
The Sustainable yet
affordable solution

Source : Research - Inspired to be GREEN
On a commercial aspect gypsum drywalls are probably the best solution saving considerable amount on the structure
thanks to its light weight. With one of the highest impact on the sustainability – LaGyp drywall systems can provide
points under the LEED India New Construction rating system:
• Energy & Atmosphere Credit 1 - Optimize Energy Performance – 1 Point
• Materials & Resources Credit 2.1 & 2.2 - Construction Waste Management – 1 or 2 Points
• Materials & Resources Credit 3.1 - Building Reuse – 1 Point
• Materials & Resources Credit 3.1 & 3.2 - Resource Reuse – 1 or 2 Points
• Materials & Resources Credit 4.1 & 4.3- Recycled Content – 1 or 2 Points
• Materials & Resources Credit 5.1& 5.2- Regional Materials – 1 or 2 Points
• Indoor Environmental Quality Credit 3.1 – Construction IAQ Management Plan (During Construction) – 1 Point
• Indoor Environmental Quality Credit 4.1 & 4.2 – Low Emitting Materials – 2 Points
• Water Conservation Credit 4.1 – Water use Reduction – 1 Point
LaGyp Boards can contribute up to 14 Points for LEED India New Construction Rating System (source: Lafarge &
IGBC). Hence gypsum drywalls is in true sense the best solution for constructions that needs to be “sustainable yet
affordable”. It is for this reason that forward looking people in the design and construction community ranging from 5
star properties like JW Mariott to budget hotel chains like the Ginger Hotels by Tata have taken the step towards this
more efficient way of construction. By using complete gypsum board systems in their ongoing projects the builders are
able to meet the tight construction schedule.
Comparison of Gypsum Boards with other materials
Messy due to wet
construction
Wastage is highFast and easyRelocation
3 KN/MNot tested3 KN/M
Crowd
pressure
22 Lt/m2Negligible
98% less than
brick wall
Water
consumption
during
construction
Not tested
Same as gypsum
board
75 mm
Joints visible
220 to 270 sq.ft can
be completed by 1
person in one day
Rs. 90 to 110 / sq.ft
K Value .17w/mk
Not fire resistant
Easy to Install
Plywood
Reduction
Up-to 45 dB max
Gypsum board
partitions are 9
times lighter than
brick wall
140 mm
Seamless finish
only after pop
44 to 70 sq.ft can
be completed by 1
person in one day
Rs. 50 to 55 / sq.ft
Not known
Fire resistant but no
fire rating
calculated
Masonry work
Brick wall
Reduction
Up to 72 dB
STC –
Acoustic
Performance
9 times lighter than
brick wall
(100kg per sq.mt )
Weight
75 mm
Minimum
thickness
Seamless finishFinish
be completed by 1
person in one day
Time for
Installation
Cost of
Installation
K Value .16w/mk
Thermal
Insulation
Proven fire
resistance starting
from 30min to 4 hrs
fire rating
Fire
Resistance
Easy to InstallInstallation
Gypsum Board
Messy due to wet
construction
Wastage is highFast and easyRelocation
3 KN/MNot tested3 KN/M
Crowd
pressure
22 Lt/m2Negligible
98% less than
brick wall
Water
consumption
during
construction
Not tested
Same as gypsum
board
75 mm
Joints visible
be completed by 1
person in one day
Rs. 90 to 110 / sq.ft
K Value .17w/mk
Not fire resistant
Easy to Install
Plywood
Reduction
Up-to 45 dB max
Gypsum board
partitions are 9
times lighter than
brick wall
140 mm
Seamless finish
only after pop
44 to 70 sq.ft can
be completed by 1
person in one day
Not known
Fire resistant but no
fire rating
calculated
Masonry work
Brick wall
Reduction
Up to 72 dB
STC –
Acoustic
Performance
9 times lighter than
brick wall
(100kg per sq.mt )
Weight
75 mm
Minimum
thickness
Seamless finishFinish
be completed by 1
person in one day
Time for
Installation
Cost of
Installation
K Value .16w/mk
Thermal
Insulation
Proven fire
resistance starting
from 30min to 4 hrs
fire rating
Fire
Resistance
Easy to InstallInstallation
Gypsum Board

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Young
Green
Leaders
Young
Green
Leaders
Agene is the basic unit of hereditary and our aim
is to introduce the Green Gene into people. It
means using more environment friendly products and
promoting green practices. This encourages others to
use them too. “Green the Gene” is an international
student movement which was started in 2004 by a
small group of children from Eicher School, India and
today it has developed to a big group of volunteers from
many schools across the world. The environmental
activities include tree plantations in many parts of the
country. Rallies to help saving the Yamuna River have
been organized from Green the Gene, the initiative
included an art for the Yamuna Campaign, in which
students of many different schools came and drew
for saving the river from the Commonwealth Games
Construction on the river. Green the Gene members
also sent a signature petition to the Prime Minister of
India regarding the same. Campaigns against poly-bags
and motivation of people to use virgin plastics instead
are part of their activities as well as work with slum
children to sensitize them about environmental issues
have been undertaken by these young green leaders.
Inspired to be Green is happy to see the next generation
of Green Leaders involved in many green campaigns
that help to make our world a better place. You can
contact the passionate members of green the Gene at
madhav.datt@hotmail.com

Inspired to be Green: Volume7

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