The document describes the architecture of a microprocessor, detailing its key components such as the arithmetic logic unit (ALU), control unit, decode unit, pre-fetch unit, memory management unit, and bus management unit. It explains the roles of these components in processing data and managing communication between the microprocessor and other system elements. The architecture represents a single integrated circuit that performs essential computing functions within a computer system.

1. Inside the Microprocessor
Exploring Architecture,
ALU, Control Unit, and
Key Components

2. Concepts
Architecture Of Microprocessor
Arithmetic Logic Unit
Control Unit
Decode Unit
Pre-fetch Unit
Memory Management Unit
Bus Management Unit

3. Architecture of Microprocessor
The microprocessor is a single IC package in
which several useful functions are integrated and
fabricated on a single silicon semiconductor chip.
Its architecture consists of a central processing
unit, memory modules, a system bus, and an
input/output unit.

4. Microprocessor
Architecture
The internal logic diagram of a
microprocessor is called its architecture

5. Microprocessor Architecture

6. Essential sections of
the microprocessor

7. Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU)
The arithmetic logic unit (ALU) is
that part of the computer that
performs arithmetic and logical
operations on data. All other
elements of the computer system -
control unit, register, memory, I/O -
are there mainly to bring data into
the ALU to process and then to
take the results back out.

8. Control Unit
The control unit fetches an instruction from
memory by sending an address and read
command. The instruction word stored at
the memory location is then transferred to
the control unit.

9. Decode Unit
Translates instruction into control signals
and microcode directions then queue them
until requested by the control unit.

10. Pre-fetch Unit
Queues instruction to assure that the
microprocessor is in continuous operation

11. Memory Management Unit
Converts internal logic addresses into
external memory addresses

12. Bus Management Unit
Manages the flow of information between
the microprocessor and data storage
locations and peripherals

13. Address Bus
This is a unidirectional bus, because
information flows over it in only one
direction, from the CPU to the memory or
I/O elements.

14. Data Bus
This is a bi-directional bus because data can
flow to or from the CPU.

15. Control Bus
This is the set of signals that are used to
synchronize the activities of the separate
elements.

16. Thanks