Inp toblastloadlinkedinpost 2feb18
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1. The document describes a method for developing structural blast load cases for preliminary design by generating multiple explosion scenarios accounting for directionality of pressure waves and near/far field overpressure variations relative to ignition points. 2. Input includes the structural model, blast overpressure parameters, and member property data. Output includes load cases for analysis and overpressure distribution displays. 3. The method can generate blast loads for structural analysis in half a day using simplified calculations and is intended for use when more sophisticated blast modeling is not feasible.
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This paper presents the optimal sizing and placement of DG by assuming practical load models. The particle swarm optimization technique is used to minimize the multi-objective fitness function (MOFF). This MOFF has considered the performance indices such as a voltage difference index, active power loss index and reactive power loss index. Most of the studies have considered the constant load for distribution system planning which may mislead the exact assessment of the system performance. Thus the voltage dependency of load models is found in a highly demanding issue in updating researches. Keeping in view the urgent need of precise and flawless distribution system planning the effect of different load models on the total load, voltage profile, active and reactive power loss has been evaluated and presented in this paper. The efficacy of the proposed method has been executed by implementing it on the 33-bus radial test system.
Analysis_methods_to_support_design_for_damping.pdf
This document describes various analysis methods for modeling active and passive damping in structures using NX I-deas and NX Nastran software. It discusses modeling constrained layer damping, piezoelectric fibers, and viscoelastic damping materials to increase structural damping. Examples are provided of applying these methods to design damping treatments for a spacecraft and liquid rocket engine. The key methods allow identifying important vibration modes, estimating modal damping contributions of candidate materials, and predicting changes to modal damping and forced response with added damping treatments.
Etabs example-rc building seismic load response-
This document provides step-by-step instructions for performing a modal response spectra analysis and design of a 10-story reinforced concrete building model in ETABS. It describes opening an existing model, defining response spectrum functions and cases based on IBC2000 parameters, running a modal analysis and response spectral analysis, and reviewing results including mode shapes, member forces, and designing concrete frames and shear walls. The objective is to demonstrate modal response spectra analysis and design of the building model according to IBC2000 seismic code provisions.
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More from Michael (Mike) Harwood, PE, PMP
Art9 slide3 a
This document discusses lift scenarios for offshore, at-shore, and on-shore locations. It provides PDLLF (presumably some lift metric) values of 2.0 for offshore, 1.35 for at-shore, and 1.0 for on-shore locations.
Art9 slide3
This document provides instructions for rigging and transporting a package in two configurations, with or without a spreader bar. It lists the waypoints and structures involved in the transport, including packages, center of gravity, and notes that local waypoints are offset from package waypoints. Rigging arrangements are provided for both the no spreader bar and spreader bar cases.
Art9 slide1 a
The document provides steps for rigging a package, including obtaining the package weight and center of gravity, establishing lift points, calculating work points and sling forces for the selected rigging system, generating a table of work points to construct an initial AutoCAD 3D model, and building input for a rigging sub-model to export for structural analysis.
Slide12 en1 m_eenggraph
The document shows quarterly percentage values from Q3 2020 through Q2 2022, with values ranging from 50% to 500% in Q3 2020 and steadily increasing each quarter up to 2,500% in Q2 2022. It also lists "Peak Units: EN1MEeng" and notes items as either "Overallocated" or "Allocated" without providing further details.
Slide11 en1 p_idesgnrgraph
This document shows unit allocation percentages for an EN1PIdesgnr across 6 quarters from Q3 2020 to Q2 2022. The percentages ranged from 30% to over 2000%, with the highest allocation being in Q4 2021 and the lowest in Q4 2020. Peak unit allocation exceeded 2500% in one quarter.
Slide10 en1 e_ldesgnrgraph
The document shows quarterly unit sales data from Q3 2020 to Q2 2022, with sales increasing dramatically each quarter from 217% to 2,500%. It also lists the product "EN1ELdesgnr" and notes it is overallocated based on the allocation numbers shown.
Slide9 mp psht6of6
This document outlines a project schedule with multiple tasks related to structural engineering for a construction project. The schedule includes tasks for load plans, concept studies, technical reviews, structural engineering management, structural outfit coordination, and tool arrangement coordination occurring from September 2019 through August 2023. Key milestones and dependencies between tasks are indicated.
Slide8 mp psht5of6
This document contains a list of tasks related to an engineering project including deliverables, durations, and start and finish dates. The tasks are organized into groups including Process Control Systems, Instrumentation, Module M15 Systems, and Structural works. The document outlines a timeline spanning from September 2019 to May 2022 for completion of the engineering works.
Slide7 mp psht4of6
This document contains a list of tasks with details including task name, deliverable name, start date, finish date, and duration in days. There are over 70 tasks related to electrical and instrumentation engineering listed. The tasks involve developing drawings, specifications, calculations, and other deliverables over multiple quarters from 2019 through 2023. Project resources are assigned to the tasks and progress is tracked as a percentage complete.
Slide6 mp psht3of6
The document outlines a schedule for engineering design tasks including piping and electrical. It lists 17 tasks with details on task name, deliverable, duration, start and finish dates. The tasks involve equipment arrangement and 2D drawings, isometric drawings and 3D modeling, specifications, data sheets, lists and single line diagrams. Progress is shown in percentages complete for each task on a quarterly basis through 2023.
Slide5 mp psht2of6
This document contains a list of tasks related to an engineering project with details on task name, deliverables, duration, start and finish dates. The tasks are grouped under safety, mechanical, and piping disciplines. Some of the key tasks include developing process data sheets, instrumentation diagrams, piping specifications and philosophies, mechanical studies, data sheets, and packages. The tasks span from June 2019 to April 2022.
Slide4 mp psht1of6
This document outlines a project schedule for engineering tasks over 470 days from April 2019 to May 2021. It includes early facility studies, design reviews at 30%, 60%, and 90% completion, and handover to the process team in April 2022. Process engineering tasks such as process calculations, guidelines, diagrams and data sheets will run from September 2019 to April 2022. Safety engineering tasks including philosophy, calculations and guidelines will also take place from September 2019 to April 2022 in parallel with process engineering.
Slide3 phasing ofp_rdelgrpswork
This document contains a deliverable group for a process project including 8 items: process philosophy/specifications, process calculations, process guidelines, process flow diagrams, process data sheets, heat and material balance/utilities balance, process and instrumentation diagrams, and process discipline management and interface. It provides the resource type, resource home, and estimated duration in weeks from project start for each item.
Slide2 discipline grupspt2of2
This document outlines deliverable groups, manhours, and resources for structural and piping disciplines for a typical module (Mxx). It lists structural deliverables such as management, standard drawings, concept designs, calculation reports, and structural drawings. It also lists piping deliverables including management, specifications, stress analysis, bulk materials lists, component data sheets, equipment arrangement drawings, isometrics, and models. Manhours range from 100 to 2200 hours per deliverable, with resources including engineers and designers from owner and contractor teams.
Slide1 discipline grupspt1of2
This document outlines the deliverable groups, resource types, and estimated manhours for engineering disciplines on a project. It lists the major engineering disciplines of Process, Mechanical, Electrical, Instrumentation and Safety. For each discipline it identifies the key deliverables such as specifications, calculations, diagrams and management tasks. It also notes that manhour estimates are per module and can vary depending on the specific module.
Art7 slide3
This document discusses horizontal blast loads coming from the east side of a plant. It shows the direction of space load vectors in pink and indicates pressure relief wall penetrations with horseshoes. The document also notes that the nearest module joint is at the tip of the arrow, which is the opposite end of the blast direction.
Art7 slide2a
This document provides a dry weight estimate for the first stage pipe system (SK1) showing footprints as blue rectangles and weight locations marked with pink arrows at pipe support work points (PS WP's).
More from Michael (Mike) Harwood, PE, PMP (20)
Recently uploaded
Electric vehicle and photovoltaic advanced roles in enhancing the financial p...
Climate change's impact on the planet forced the United Nations and governments to promote green energies and electric transportation. The deployments of photovoltaic (PV) and electric vehicle (EV) systems gained stronger momentum due to their numerous advantages over fossil fuel types. The advantages go beyond sustainability to reach financial support and stability. The work in this paper introduces the hybrid system between PV and EV to support industrial and commercial plants. This paper covers the theoretical framework of the proposed hybrid system including the required equation to complete the cost analysis when PV and EV are present. In addition, the proposed design diagram which sets the priorities and requirements of the system is presented. The proposed approach allows setup to advance their power stability, especially during power outages. The presented information supports researchers and plant owners to complete the necessary analysis while promoting the deployment of clean energy. The result of a case study that represents a dairy milk farmer supports the theoretical works and highlights its advanced benefits to existing plants. The short return on investment of the proposed approach supports the paper's novelty approach for the sustainable electrical system. In addition, the proposed system allows for an isolated power setup without the need for a transmission line which enhances the safety of the electrical network
Computational Engineering IITH Presentation
This Presentation will give you a brief idea about what Computational Engineering at IIT Hyderabad has to offer.
Optimizing Gradle Builds - Gradle DPE Tour Berlin 2024
Sinan from the Delivery Hero mobile infrastructure engineering team shares a deep dive into performance acceleration with Gradle build cache optimizations. Sinan shares their journey into solving complex build-cache problems that affect Gradle builds. By understanding the challenges and solutions found in our journey, we aim to demonstrate the possibilities for faster builds. The case study reveals how overlapping outputs and cache misconfigurations led to significant increases in build times, especially as the project scaled up with numerous modules using Paparazzi tests. The journey from diagnosing to defeating cache issues offers invaluable lessons on maintaining cache integrity without sacrificing functionality.
DEEP LEARNING FOR SMART GRID INTRUSION DETECTION: A HYBRID CNN-LSTM-BASED MODEL
As digital technology becomes more deeply embedded in power systems, protecting the communication
networks of Smart Grids (SG) has emerged as a critical concern. Distributed Network Protocol 3 (DNP3)
represents a multi-tiered application layer protocol extensively utilized in Supervisory Control and Data
Acquisition (SCADA)-based smart grids to facilitate real-time data gathering and control functionalities.
Robust Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) are necessary for early threat detection and mitigation because
of the interconnection of these networks, which makes them vulnerable to a variety of cyberattacks. To
solve this issue, this paper develops a hybrid Deep Learning (DL) model specifically designed for intrusion
detection in smart grids. The proposed approach is a combination of the Convolutional Neural Network
(CNN) and the Long-Short-Term Memory algorithms (LSTM). We employed a recent intrusion detection
dataset (DNP3), which focuses on unauthorized commands and Denial of Service (DoS) cyberattacks, to
train and test our model. The results of our experiments show that our CNN-LSTM method is much better
at finding smart grid intrusions than other deep learning algorithms used for classification. In addition,
our proposed approach improves accuracy, precision, recall, and F1 score, achieving a high detection
accuracy rate of 99.50%.
Software Engineering and Project Management - Software Testing + Agile Method...
Software Testing: A Strategic Approach to Software Testing, Strategic Issues, Test Strategies for Conventional Software, Test Strategies for Object -Oriented Software, Validation Testing, System Testing, The Art of Debugging.
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Rainfall intensity duration frequency curve statistical analysis and modeling...
Using data from 41 years in Patna’ India’ the study’s goal is to analyze the trends of how often it rains on a weekly, seasonal, and annual basis (1981−2020). First, utilizing the intensity-duration-frequency (IDF) curve and the relationship by statistically analyzing rainfall’ the historical rainfall data set for Patna’ India’ during a 41 year period (1981−2020), was evaluated for its quality. Changes in the hydrologic cycle as a result of increased greenhouse gas emissions are expected to induce variations in the intensity, length, and frequency of precipitation events. One strategy to lessen vulnerability is to quantify probable changes and adapt to them. Techniques such as log-normal, normal, and Gumbel are used (EV-I). Distributions were created with durations of 1, 2, 3, 6, and 24 h and return times of 2, 5, 10, 25, and 100 years. There were also mathematical correlations discovered between rainfall and recurrence interval.
Findings: Based on findings, the Gumbel approach produced the highest intensity values, whereas the other approaches produced values that were close to each other. The data indicates that 461.9 mm of rain fell during the monsoon season’s 301st week. However, it was found that the 29th week had the greatest average rainfall, 92.6 mm. With 952.6 mm on average, the monsoon season saw the highest rainfall. Calculations revealed that the yearly rainfall averaged 1171.1 mm. Using Weibull’s method, the study was subsequently expanded to examine rainfall distribution at different recurrence intervals of 2, 5, 10, and 25 years. Rainfall and recurrence interval mathematical correlations were also developed. Further regression analysis revealed that short wave irrigation, wind direction, wind speed, pressure, relative humidity, and temperature all had a substantial influence on rainfall.
Originality and value: The results of the rainfall IDF curves can provide useful information to policymakers in making appropriate decisions in managing and minimizing floods in the study area.
Design and optimization of ion propulsion drone
Electric propulsion technology is widely used in many kinds of vehicles in recent years, and aircrafts are no exception. Technically, UAVs are electrically propelled but tend to produce a significant amount of noise and vibrations. Ion propulsion technology for drones is a potential solution to this problem. Ion propulsion technology is proven to be feasible in the earth’s atmosphere. The study presented in this article shows the design of EHD thrusters and power supply for ion propulsion drones along with performance optimization of high-voltage power supply for endurance in earth’s atmosphere.
学校原版美国波士顿大学毕业证学历学位证书原版一模一样
原版一模一样【微信：741003700 】【美国波士顿大学毕业证学历学位证书】【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原海外各大学 Bachelor Diploma degree, Master Degree Diploma
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
一比一原版(osu毕业证书)美国俄勒冈州立大学毕业证如何办理
原版一模一样【微信：741003700 】【(osu毕业证书)美国俄勒冈州立大学毕业证成绩单】【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）原件一模一样纸张工艺/offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原。
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
【主营项目】
一.毕业证【q微741003700】成绩单、使馆认证、教育部认证、雅思托福成绩单、学生卡等！
二.真实使馆公证(即留学回国人员证明,不成功不收费)
三.真实教育部学历学位认证（教育部存档！教育部留服网站永久可查）
四.办理各国各大学文凭(一对一专业服务,可全程监控跟踪进度)
如果您处于以下几种情况：
◇在校期间，因各种原因未能顺利毕业……拿不到官方毕业证【q/微741003700】
◇面对父母的压力，希望尽快拿到；
◇不清楚认证流程以及材料该如何准备；
◇回国时间很长，忘记办理；
◇回国马上就要找工作，办给用人单位看；
◇企事业单位必须要求办理的
◇需要报考公务员、购买免税车、落转户口
◇申请留学生创业基金
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
办理(osu毕业证书)美国俄勒冈州立大学毕业证【微信：741003700 】外观非常简单，由纸质材料制成，上面印有校徽、校名、毕业生姓名、专业等信息。
办理(osu毕业证书)美国俄勒冈州立大学毕业证【微信：741003700 】格式相对统一，各专业都有相应的模板。通常包括以下部分：
校徽：象征着学校的荣誉和传承。
校名:学校英文全称
授予学位：本部分将注明获得的具体学位名称。
毕业生姓名：这是最重要的信息之一，标志着该证书是由特定人员获得的。
颁发日期：这是毕业正式生效的时间，也代表着毕业生学业的结束。
其他信息：根据不同的专业和学位，可能会有一些特定的信息或章节。
办理(osu毕业证书)美国俄勒冈州立大学毕业证【微信：741003700 】价值很高，需要妥善保管。一般来说，应放置在安全、干燥、防潮的地方，避免长时间暴露在阳光下。如需使用，最好使用复印件而不是原件，以免丢失。
综上所述，办理(osu毕业证书)美国俄勒冈州立大学毕业证【微信：741003700 】是证明身份和学历的高价值文件。外观简单庄重，格式统一，包括重要的个人信息和发布日期。对持有人来说，妥善保管是非常重要的。
VARIABLE FREQUENCY DRIVE. VFDs are widely used in industrial applications for...
Variable frequency drive .A Variable Frequency Drive (VFD) is an electronic device used to control the speed and torque of an electric motor by varying the frequency and voltage of its power supply. VFDs are widely used in industrial applications for motor control, providing significant energy savings and precise motor operation.
Software Engineering and Project Management - Introduction, Modeling Concepts...
Introduction, Modeling Concepts and Class Modeling: What is Object orientation? What is OO development? OO Themes; Evidence for usefulness of OO development; OO modeling history. Modeling
as Design technique: Modeling, abstraction, The Three models. Class Modeling: Object and Class Concept, Link and associations concepts, Generalization and Inheritance, A sample class model, Navigation of class models, and UML diagrams
Building the Analysis Models: Requirement Analysis, Analysis Model Approaches, Data modeling Concepts, Object Oriented Analysis, Scenario-Based Modeling, Flow-Oriented Modeling, class Based Modeling, Creating a Behavioral Model.
Applications of artificial Intelligence in Mechanical Engineering.pdf
Historically, mechanical engineering has relied heavily on human expertise and empirical methods to solve complex problems. With the introduction of computer-aided design (CAD) and finite element analysis (FEA), the field took its first steps towards digitization. These tools allowed engineers to simulate and analyze mechanical systems with greater accuracy and efficiency. However, the sheer volume of data generated by modern engineering systems and the increasing complexity of these systems have necessitated more advanced analytical tools, paving the way for AI.
AI offers the capability to process vast amounts of data, identify patterns, and make predictions with a level of speed and accuracy unattainable by traditional methods. This has profound implications for mechanical engineering, enabling more efficient design processes, predictive maintenance strategies, and optimized manufacturing operations. AI-driven tools can learn from historical data, adapt to new information, and continuously improve their performance, making them invaluable in tackling the multifaceted challenges of modern mechanical engineering.
Advanced control scheme of doubly fed induction generator for wind turbine us...
This paper describes a speed control device for generating electrical energy on an electricity network based on the doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) used for wind power conversion systems. At first, a double-fed induction generator model was constructed. A control law is formulated to govern the flow of energy between the stator of a DFIG and the energy network using three types of controllers: proportional integral (PI), sliding mode controller (SMC) and second order sliding mode controller (SOSMC). Their different results in terms of power reference tracking, reaction to unexpected speed fluctuations, sensitivity to perturbations, and resilience against machine parameter alterations are compared. MATLAB/Simulink was used to conduct the simulations for the preceding study. Multiple simulations have shown very satisfying results, and the investigations demonstrate the efficacy and power-enhancing capabilities of the suggested control system.
一比一原版(uofo毕业证书)美国俄勒冈大学毕业证如何办理
原版一模一样【微信：741003700 】【(uofo毕业证书)美国俄勒冈大学毕业证成绩单】【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）原件一模一样纸张工艺/offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原。
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
【主营项目】
一.毕业证【q微741003700】成绩单、使馆认证、教育部认证、雅思托福成绩单、学生卡等！
二.真实使馆公证(即留学回国人员证明,不成功不收费)
三.真实教育部学历学位认证（教育部存档！教育部留服网站永久可查）
四.办理各国各大学文凭(一对一专业服务,可全程监控跟踪进度)
如果您处于以下几种情况：
◇在校期间，因各种原因未能顺利毕业……拿不到官方毕业证【q/微741003700】
◇面对父母的压力，希望尽快拿到；
◇不清楚认证流程以及材料该如何准备；
◇回国时间很长，忘记办理；
◇回国马上就要找工作，办给用人单位看；
◇企事业单位必须要求办理的
◇需要报考公务员、购买免税车、落转户口
◇申请留学生创业基金
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
办理(uofo毕业证书)美国俄勒冈大学毕业证【微信：741003700 】外观非常简单，由纸质材料制成，上面印有校徽、校名、毕业生姓名、专业等信息。
办理(uofo毕业证书)美国俄勒冈大学毕业证【微信：741003700 】格式相对统一，各专业都有相应的模板。通常包括以下部分：
校徽：象征着学校的荣誉和传承。
校名:学校英文全称
授予学位：本部分将注明获得的具体学位名称。
毕业生姓名：这是最重要的信息之一，标志着该证书是由特定人员获得的。
颁发日期：这是毕业正式生效的时间，也代表着毕业生学业的结束。
其他信息：根据不同的专业和学位，可能会有一些特定的信息或章节。
办理(uofo毕业证书)美国俄勒冈大学毕业证【微信：741003700 】价值很高，需要妥善保管。一般来说，应放置在安全、干燥、防潮的地方，避免长时间暴露在阳光下。如需使用，最好使用复印件而不是原件，以免丢失。
综上所述，办理(uofo毕业证书)美国俄勒冈大学毕业证【微信：741003700 】是证明身份和学历的高价值文件。外观简单庄重，格式统一，包括重要的个人信息和发布日期。对持有人来说，妥善保管是非常重要的。
Prediction of Electrical Energy Efficiency Using Information on Consumer's Ac...
Energy efficiency has been important since the latter part of the last century. The main object of this survey is to determine the energy efficiency knowledge among consumers. Two separate districts in Bangladesh are selected to conduct the survey on households and showrooms about the energy and seller also. The survey uses the data to find some regression equations from which it is easy to predict energy efficiency knowledge. The data is analyzed and calculated based on five important criteria. The initial target was to find some factors that help predict a person's energy efficiency knowledge. From the survey, it is found that the energy efficiency awareness among the people of our country is very low. Relationships between household energy use behaviors are estimated using a unique dataset of about 40 households and 20 showrooms in Bangladesh's Chapainawabganj and Bagerhat districts. Knowledge of energy consumption and energy efficiency technology options is found to be associated with household use of energy conservation practices. Household characteristics also influence household energy use behavior. Younger household cohorts are more likely to adopt energy-efficient technologies and energy conservation practices and place primary importance on energy saving for environmental reasons. Education also influences attitudes toward energy conservation in Bangladesh. Low-education households indicate they primarily save electricity for the environment while high-education households indicate they are motivated by environmental concerns.
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Inp toblastloadlinkedinpost 2feb18
- 1. OBJECTIVES Develop structural analysis blast load cases for multiple explosion scenarios that account for directionality of the pressure wave front as well as the near field/far field variation of overpressure relative to defined ignition points. INPUT DATA 1. SACS model to be blast loaded 2. A “saclst” file containing the SACS model sections, grups, members, plates and joints data 3. Design blast overpressure, specified 3D Blast ignition points & selected overpressure distribution function (2 types available) 4. Module deck elevations and deck covering type (plated or grated) 5. Member & Plate drag/pressure coefficients OUTPUT 1. Module sacinp file with (up to 5) generated blast load cases for standalone module blast analysis (including input to progressive collapse analysis) 2. Overpressure display for each generated blast load case (as illustrated on Slide 2) that is viewable in SACS/Precede. LEVEL OF EFFORT – half a day per model after initial input gathered MCHTM Inc RAPID BLAST LOAD DEVELOPMENT for Preliminary Design (or a Poor Man’s Blast Load generation when sophisticated programs such as USFOS are not in the project budget) SUPPORTING 3rd PARTY SOFTWARE At present, the system has been implemented to work with SACS input files but could be adapted to work with other software.
- 2. Result for Blast due to Explosive Device (unmodified Eq 8) Result for Blast due to Jet fire passing through Hydrocarbon Cloud (modified Eq. 8) 660 kPa 222 kPa 15 kPa 22 kPa 52 kPa 20 kPa In these examples, 1. Assumed basis for overpressure distribution function is Eq 8 in Report EUR 26456 EN, “Calculation of Blast Loads for Application to Structural Components”. 2. 70 kPa is the specified global overpressure in both cases BLAST OVERPRESSURE CALCULATION (Two options) High near-field & low far-field overpressures (as expected based on API RP 2FB, Appendix C.6.9. 1 (TNT Equivalent Method) Lower near-field & higher far-field overpressures when compared to “explosive device” case 227 kPa 136 kPa 43 kPa 49 kPa 69 kPa 47 kPa Deck outline (typical) Method: Assume an overpressure distribution function and scale the calculated overpressures to average out to be the module global overpressure provided in a Probabilistic Explosion Analysis report. MCHTM Inc To determine Blast Loads, these overpressures are projected onto modelled member & plate local axes and multiplied by the appropriate pressure coefficients
- 3. OVERALL CONCLUSION: 1. Assuming explosive device blast load is perhaps overly conservative for near-field structure in O&G facilities. 2. Hydrocarbon blast load generated with the method reported here is more in line with API RP 2FB advice 3. Consider not optimizing supporting structure of plated deck in cases where specified global overpressures are high Blast due to explosive device vs Blast in hydrocarbon cloud initiated by a jet fire Hydrocarbon Blast in a Compression Module – Single ignition point between 2nd & 3rd Deck Levels (Average overpressure = 0.7 bar) Initially “Failed” members (shown in “Orange”) are at Levels 2 & 3 only MCHTM Inc Progressive Collapse Analysis Summary following Explosion due to Explosive Device in Compression Module Iter ID OO 8A 8B 8C Iter Seq ID 1 2 3 4 #off members 367 367 367 367 #off memb failures 58 63 65 65 #off deactiv membs 0 0 0 0 #off new memb failures this iteration 58 63 65 65 Note: No plate element failures Progressive Collapse Analysis Summary following Hydrocarbon Cloud Explosion in Compression Modile Iter ID OO 8A 8B 8C Iter Seq ID 1 2 3 4 #off members 367 367 367 367 #off memb failures 53 61 65 64 #off deactiv membs 0 0 0 0 #off new memb failures this iteration 53 61 65 64 Note: No plate element failures Hydrocarbon Cloud Blast PROGESSIVE COLLAPSE ANALYSIS COMPARISON Initially “Failed” members (shown in “Orange”) include two supports Explosive Device Blast Progressive Collapse Analysis History Progressive Collapse Analysis History Note on the Progressive Collapse Analyses: 1. Structure stabilizes after 3 iterations in both cases considered here though there are more initial failures in the “explosive device” case.