This document discusses challenges and opportunities for improving human-machine teaming for military operations. It seeks solutions that:
1) Ensure human cognitive capacity is focused on tasks best suited for humans while automating other tasks
2) Reduce unnecessary burden on human cognition through effective automation
3) Achieve the above through human-machine systems that work seamlessly as a team to avoid issues.
Launch of the Accelerator Enduring Challenge Competition
26 January 2017, Chelsea Harbour Hotel, London UK
Includes
- Introduction to the Defence and Security Accelerator
- What's the difference between CDE and the Accelerator
- How the Accelerator will stimulate small and medium size enterprise.
Launch of the Accelerator Enduring Challenge Competition
26 January 2017, Chelsea Harbour Hotel, London UK
Includes
- Introduction to the Defence and Security Accelerator
- What's the difference between CDE and the Accelerator
- How the Accelerator will stimulate small and medium size enterprise.
Accelerator Enduring Competition Challenge - Session 2
Security and defence perspectives of what the Enduring Challenge will bring to the front line.
Includes views from -
* UK security engagement expert
* Navy military adviser
* Maritime technology expert
* Army military adviser
* Land technology expert
* RAF military adviser
* air technology expert
Explore Space Experience at the Space Foundation Discovery CenterSpace Foundation
Give Your Kids Plenty of Space This Summer!
Launch your future explorers, scientists and engineers into a memorable summer adventure at the Space Foundation Discovery Center.
Explore Space Experience was created to inspire and engage children, ages 9 - 14, and to provide an educational, memorable experience. Your future explorers will enjoy a variety of hands-on, immersive activities and experiences based on space and science, technology, engineering, art and math (STEAM).
Registration opens March 1
Four week-long themes, June 12 - July 20, 2017
Event Admission
$295 per session
(Multiple session discounts!)
Global Citizen Leadership (GCL) - Machine Learning and its impact on jobs.Pankaj Tirpude
1) GCL is an Innovation & Leadership project with a global perspective to solve business problems of today’s world.
2) Aim - To identify the opportunity space and implement a solution towards the impact of ML on jobs in IT industry.
3) Involves - Ethnographic Study of IT industry, Gap Analysis, Empathy Interviews and Product/Service Solutions.
4) Result – Designed a prototype of a service which can help HR, students and employees.
On Quality Control and Machine Learning in CrowdsourcingMatthew Lease
Talk at "Wisdom of the Crowd" AAAI 2012 Spring Symposium workshop (http://users.wpi.edu/~soniac/WisdomOfTheCrowd/WoCSchedule.htm) on 2011 AAAI-HComp paper by the same title.
Accelerator Enduring Competition Challenge - Session 2
Security and defence perspectives of what the Enduring Challenge will bring to the front line.
Includes views from -
* UK security engagement expert
* Navy military adviser
* Maritime technology expert
* Army military adviser
* Land technology expert
* RAF military adviser
* air technology expert
Explore Space Experience at the Space Foundation Discovery CenterSpace Foundation
Give Your Kids Plenty of Space This Summer!
Launch your future explorers, scientists and engineers into a memorable summer adventure at the Space Foundation Discovery Center.
Explore Space Experience was created to inspire and engage children, ages 9 - 14, and to provide an educational, memorable experience. Your future explorers will enjoy a variety of hands-on, immersive activities and experiences based on space and science, technology, engineering, art and math (STEAM).
Registration opens March 1
Four week-long themes, June 12 - July 20, 2017
Event Admission
$295 per session
(Multiple session discounts!)
Global Citizen Leadership (GCL) - Machine Learning and its impact on jobs.Pankaj Tirpude
1) GCL is an Innovation & Leadership project with a global perspective to solve business problems of today’s world.
2) Aim - To identify the opportunity space and implement a solution towards the impact of ML on jobs in IT industry.
3) Involves - Ethnographic Study of IT industry, Gap Analysis, Empathy Interviews and Product/Service Solutions.
4) Result – Designed a prototype of a service which can help HR, students and employees.
On Quality Control and Machine Learning in CrowdsourcingMatthew Lease
Talk at "Wisdom of the Crowd" AAAI 2012 Spring Symposium workshop (http://users.wpi.edu/~soniac/WisdomOfTheCrowd/WoCSchedule.htm) on 2011 AAAI-HComp paper by the same title.
Week and DatesTopic(s)Weekly Learning ObjectivesReadin.docxhelzerpatrina
Week and Dates
Topic(s)
Weekly Learning Objectives
Readings and Assessments
3
11/4-11/10
Weekly Internship Log & Reflection
· Evaluate the implications of changing environmental factors on organizational choices within a global environment and formulate solutions.
· Demonstrate the ability to utilize technology in multiple ways to formulate and achieve project and/or organizational goals.
· Create and demonstrate the verbal and written communication skills which express ideas clearly, logically, and persuasively.
· Demonstrate the ability to collect and evaluate information and data in order to formulate analytically sound decisions and understand the likely consequences of those decisions.
Complete and upload your weekly Internship log & reflection by 11:59 PM EST on Day Seven Sunday.
You need to use the required log that is provided.
Page 18 of 18
CHAPTER 4
IT AND THE DESIGN OF
WORK
Dr. Mia Simmons
American Express Opening Case
■ What is the “Blue Work” program?
■ What was the strategic thrust behind the Blue
Work program?
■ What are “hub,” “club,” “home,” and “roam”
employees?
■ What is the role of technology in these
arrangements?
■ What was the impact of Blue Work?
■ Have other firms found roaming employment
useful?
2
4
Work Design Framework
IT Has Changed Work
■ IT has:
– Created new types of work
■ Bureau of Labor Statistics: IT employment in
the USA is at an all-time high
■ New jobs such as:
– Data scientists/data miners
– Social media managers
– Communications managers
– Enabled new ways to do traditional work
– Supported new ways to manage people
4
How IT Changes Traditional Work
■ Changes the way work is done
– Broadens skills; faster but more tasks
– Sometimes IT disconnects us from the tasks
– Sometimes people can perform more strategic tasks
– Few staff are engaged in order entry any longer
– Crowdsourcing is now possible at very low cost (M.Turk)
■ Changes how we communicate
– More asynchronous and more irregular
– Social networking has provided new opportunities for
customer interaction
– Collaboration allows a firm to look “big” with new tools
5
How IT Changes Traditional Work
■ Changes decision-making
– Real-time information; more information available
– Data mining can identify new insights
– Ideas can be gleaned from social networks
– Middle management ranks have shrunk as
Leavitt/Whisler predicted
■ Changes collaboration
– Work is now more team oriented; more collaborative
– Sharing is easier than ever, using multiple methods
– Crowdsourcing can now provide quick answers from
tens, hundreds, or even thousands of people
– We now can disconnect PLACE and TIME (Figure 4.2)
6
Collaboration Technologies
Matrix
7
How IT Changes Traditional Work
■ New ways to connect
– Many employees are always connected
– Lines between work and play are now blurred
– For many, home technologies are better than work
technologies
■ New way ...
Tom Davenports Classic on hwo to Build Organizations of Knowledge workers, around talent Management, Information and Managerial Hygiene.. great reference for managers
A look at some of the methodologies that have shaped the direction of agile software development. We take a look at Lean Software Development (and the Toyota Production System), the Theory of Constraints and Systems Thinking.
Scaffolding for a Growing Team - Surge 2014Fran Fabrizio
When your team scales beyond the point where information flow happens organically (~8 members), you’ll be confronted with some seriously uncool topics, like time tracking, work estimation, meetings with actual agendas, long-range planning and formalizing your HR processes. In this talk I discuss how our team is tackling these challenges in an engineer-friendly way and get the input we need for data-driven decision making while keeping the dev team happy.
BETTER DATA PRODUCTS & HAPPIER PEOPLE: OUR PHILOSOPHY - Big Data Expo 2019webwinkelvakdag
When creating user-facing AI products, how do you make sure you build the right one? Can you keep everyone happy while doing so? As one of the data science product teams in KLM, we share our team philosophy and approach involving human-centered machine learning.
Similar to Innovation fund themed competition webinar - session 3 (20)
DASA: FASS 2: How to submit an excellent accelerator proposal Heather-Fiona Egan
Defence and Security Accelerator (DASA)
Future Aviation Security Solutions - competition 2 (FASS 2)
Finding explosives hidden in electrical items
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How to create a great proposal presentation
London, 28 November 2017
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Defence and Security Accelerator
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How the competition will work
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Defence and Security Accelerator
Finding, funding and exploiting innovative ideas to meet UK defence and security challenges
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DSEI 2017
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Maritime Dual use maritime conference, Southampton University.
Presentation by Jared Jageler, David Adler, Noelia Duchovny, and Evan Herrnstadt, analysts in CBO’s Microeconomic Studies and Health Analysis Divisions, at the Association of Environmental and Resource Economists Summer Conference.
This session provides a comprehensive overview of the latest updates to the Uniform Administrative Requirements, Cost Principles, and Audit Requirements for Federal Awards (commonly known as the Uniform Guidance) outlined in the 2 CFR 200.
With a focus on the 2024 revisions issued by the Office of Management and Budget (OMB), participants will gain insight into the key changes affecting federal grant recipients. The session will delve into critical regulatory updates, providing attendees with the knowledge and tools necessary to navigate and comply with the evolving landscape of federal grant management.
Learning Objectives:
- Understand the rationale behind the 2024 updates to the Uniform Guidance outlined in 2 CFR 200, and their implications for federal grant recipients.
- Identify the key changes and revisions introduced by the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) in the 2024 edition of 2 CFR 200.
- Gain proficiency in applying the updated regulations to ensure compliance with federal grant requirements and avoid potential audit findings.
- Develop strategies for effectively implementing the new guidelines within the grant management processes of their respective organizations, fostering efficiency and accountability in federal grant administration.
Understanding the Challenges of Street ChildrenSERUDS INDIA
By raising awareness, providing support, advocating for change, and offering assistance to children in need, individuals can play a crucial role in improving the lives of street children and helping them realize their full potential
Donate Us
https://serudsindia.org/how-individuals-can-support-street-children-in-india/
#donatefororphan, #donateforhomelesschildren, #childeducation, #ngochildeducation, #donateforeducation, #donationforchildeducation, #sponsorforpoorchild, #sponsororphanage #sponsororphanchild, #donation, #education, #charity, #educationforchild, #seruds, #kurnool, #joyhome
A process server is a authorized person for delivering legal documents, such as summons, complaints, subpoenas, and other court papers, to peoples involved in legal proceedings.
Russian anarchist and anti-war movement in the third year of full-scale warAntti Rautiainen
Anarchist group ANA Regensburg hosted my online-presentation on 16th of May 2024, in which I discussed tactics of anti-war activism in Russia, and reasons why the anti-war movement has not been able to make an impact to change the course of events yet. Cases of anarchists repressed for anti-war activities are presented, as well as strategies of support for political prisoners, and modest successes in supporting their struggles.
Thumbnail picture is by MediaZona, you may read their report on anti-war arson attacks in Russia here: https://en.zona.media/article/2022/10/13/burn-map
Links:
Autonomous Action
http://Avtonom.org
Anarchist Black Cross Moscow
http://Avtonom.org/abc
Solidarity Zone
https://t.me/solidarity_zone
Memorial
https://memopzk.org/, https://t.me/pzk_memorial
OVD-Info
https://en.ovdinfo.org/antiwar-ovd-info-guide
RosUznik
https://rosuznik.org/
Uznik Online
http://uznikonline.tilda.ws/
Russian Reader
https://therussianreader.com/
ABC Irkutsk
https://abc38.noblogs.org/
Send mail to prisoners from abroad:
http://Prisonmail.online
YouTube: https://youtu.be/c5nSOdU48O8
Spotify: https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/libertarianlifecoach/episodes/Russian-anarchist-and-anti-war-movement-in-the-third-year-of-full-scale-war-e2k8ai4
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Jennifer Schaus and Associates hosts a complimentary webinar series on The FAR in 2024. Join the webinars on Wednesdays and Fridays at noon, eastern.
Recordings are on YouTube and the company website.
https://www.youtube.com/@jenniferschaus/videos
ZGB - The Role of Generative AI in Government transformation.pdfSaeed Al Dhaheri
This keynote was presented during the the 7th edition of the UAE Hackathon 2024. It highlights the role of AI and Generative AI in addressing government transformation to achieve zero government bureaucracy
3. Challenge 3
To make effective use of operator cognitive capacity, particularly by human-
machine teaming
Key points for the Land Environment
• considerable improvements need to be made in the interaction between people
and systems
• develop approaches that enable collaborative decision making and
intelligence analysis to support planning activities and military operations
4. Real world considerations
• we start from a brownfield site
• need to straddle multiple branches
• data is everywhere but what matters most?
• there is no intelligence but information of specific value
• essential enabling conditions & foundations?
• we are we are still talking about the chaos of war
• our enemies have a very real vote
• our ability to operate over degraded networks and
federated command and control
5. Mission threads
• look beyond information exchange
requirements (IERs)
• gaps in our staff process/approach
• information must be treated and
consumed as an essential service
• must be command-driven and
anticipatory
6. Human information interaction
OFFICIAL
How can I (and my team):
• rapidly and intuitively locate key information for my role
• indicate that certain information is important, and why and when so I
can find it again
• record/create information without worrying where it is located and
not being able to find it again
• record key relationships between information
• understand accuracy and provenance
• be told if I need to know but don’t have permission to access
• prevent being swamped by the scale and complexity of available
information
7. Wider Defence Lines Of Development
(DLOD) considerations
• personnel – what key skills and experience do we develop?
• doctrine – can we conceptually keep pace?
• infrastructure - What is the technology readiness level (TRL)
‘aiming point’?
• training
• individual, professional and collective burden?
• TRAIN AS WE FIGHT
• interoperability – designed in at the outset
9. OFFICIAL
Aims
OFFICIAL
Obtain and exploit innovative ideas that:
• Ensure that human cognitive capacity (which is limited) is applied to
those parts of military problems that humans can undertake best
• Reduce unnecessary consumption of human cognitive capacity on
activities better supported by automation
• Achieve the above by ensuring that human and automated parts
work effectively in unison avoiding pitfalls and problems
14. OFFICIALOFFICIAL
Reasoning
Record and process reasoning related information
• represent/store questions, hypotheses, assumptions and
uncertainties
• continuously check reasoning against incoming data stream
• apply reasoning to generate new findings, create new
questions and hypotheses etc.
15. OFFICIALOFFICIAL
Relevant roles
Illustration by Andrew Rae
Tendency to automate everything or roles which humans can
do better
• for example abstraction, pattern matching across diverse input, self
assessment/reflection, idiosyncrasy, creativeness
Interested in
• novel approaches which demonstrate more appropriate assignment
of relevant tasks/roles to human and machine
• approaches which keep human interested, engaged and workload at
appropriate level (no under/overload)
Overall Concept
• team design based on SQEP of human and machine parts
16. OFFICIALOFFICIAL
Individual and team interaction
Tendency to stove-pipe human machine tasks/roles
• no effective team-working between human and machine
• teaming ‘capacity/behaviours’ is difficult
Interested in solutions that
• improve interworking based on a equivalent team member interaction
concept
• exploit team contextual information
• dynamically vary what human/machine parts are doing
• Overall concept
• augment human teams with machine team members
17. OFFICIALOFFICIAL
Summary
We are interested in solutions:
• which take account of team context
• that don’t increase training load, are intuitive to use, and adoptable by
non-experts operating in stressful environments
• that can start small and simple, have rapid application, but have the
potential to scale up
We are not interested in solutions:
• that replace the human component or relegate role of the human
• which fail to take account of identified automation pitfalls
• which might force people into unnatural ways of operating
• that are stand-alone human machine interaction technologies
18. Joint Warfare DirectorateJoint Warfare Directorate
Summary
• challenges applicable across Defence
• competition split into 3 challenges but solutions will
sit across the challenges
• interested in how we win through adapting our
processes, people and technology
• trying to ensure we don’t fight a fair fight
Editor's Notes
2
4
6
Hi, my name is Peter Houghton and I am a Dstl scientist specialising in the area of military command and control systems. I would now like to brief you on Challenge 3 which is concerned with trying to make more effective use of limited human cognitive capacity, specifically the capacity that is put under significant stress in the challenging conditions that military staff find themselves in.
So focusing on the overall aims of this particular challenge, we are interested in ideas that you might have which can focus human cognition on those parts of military problems which we understand are best undertaken by people; in ideas that can prevent precious capacity being wasted on activities which we believe machines are more suited to, and most importantly for this challenge, to achieve these things by improving the interaction between human and automated parts. There are many well known pitfalls in doing this and many myths surrounding what automation can do, and we will be looking for solutions which clearly and demonstrably avoid these.
So what the limitations that we are concerned with? There are many which could be listed, and the following are just a few examples of those relevant to the way that people interact with information.
First - there are only so many things that we can attend to at any one point in time, despite those who believe that they are effective multi-taskers (an example of one of those myths ). Most will be aware of the magic number 7 and that short term memory only exists for around 15-30 seconds. However, we don’t just have a problem with storage, we also have problems with recall, particularly for those like myself who are now of advancing years .
People also find it difficult to spot patterns spread over time, as each point in the pattern is so disconnected from the others. We also suffer from what can be called a “law of cognitive effort” which if you read Daniel Kahneman’s book, suggests may be the physiological factor of thinking consuming considerable amounts of energy, and hence we have a natural tendency to minimise it. Kahneman also describes other cognitive tendencies, such as becoming trapped in certain trains of thought due to sunk costs, and that our intuitive thought is often at odds with the way that probability and statistics actually work.
Short term memory has three key aspects:
1. limited capacity (only about 7 items can be stored at a time)
2. limited duration (storage is very fragile and information can be lost with distraction or passage of time)
3. encoding (primarily verbal/acoustic).
It’s not just humans which have limitations, automated systems have them too. I realise that more recent advances probably mean that some of these are being nibbled away at, but I would be genuinely surprised if any of you can demonstrate that you have cracked these in anything other than very constrained problem domains, or that your solutions can safely evolve themselves without considerable specialist human attention being applied. Note that the latter would limit the applicability of such automation in many areas of defence as situations are very diverse, dynamic and unpredictable.
I’ll now move on to focus on our areas of interest for any solutions that you might have, be they at the research stage or nearer-term application stage of development. I’ll also bring in the key part of this challenge which is concerned with human machine teaming.
So given the human limitations that I talked about a moment ago, can we help people record and recall important information - both across minute-to-minute timescales and across the longer-term and under varying workload and diverse environmental settings?
We are interested in solutions to aid rapid and intuitive recording and retrieval of discoveries, facts, contacts, reminders, progress/status, multi-media and ….also the ability quickly and easily record relationships between these things or have the automation help in the discovery of them.
The overall concept here is one of augmented human memory (so by combining human and machine parts – we have more effective storage and retrieval, and that includes exploiting the powerful associative part of human memory that enables us to locate related information too).
It’s not just memory that can in principle be aided by automation, it could also help us with our reasoning. Here, instead of just recording “facts”, (avoiding the alternative ones ), automated systems could help us record and process reasoning related information, including questions, hypotheses, assumptions and uncertainties. Because a machine doesn’t get bored, or lose attention, and can undertake its reasoning at speed and scale, it could help us by continuously checking our reasoning against incoming data streams and also apply it’s own generic reasoning to generate new findings, or create new questions and hypotheses etc.
Focussing again on the teaming aspect, we are particularly interested in systems which can explain their reasoning in a human intuitive manner (in support of human sensemaking).
Thus the overall concept here is one of providing machine augmentation to human reasoning, pattern finding and matching.
If one looks at the history of automation, there has been a distinct tendency to automate everything, including activities where presently humans might perform better – examples would be abstraction, pattern matching across diverse inputs, self assessment and reflection, or activities where idiosyncrasy, and creativeness are important. If I were to try and summarise when and why these are important; they are those which may be critical for dealing with complex, uncertain and unpredictable situations.
We are therefore interested in novel approaches that demonstrate more appropriate assignment of relevant tasks and roles to the human and machine components, and where human needs are better accounted for i.e. those that keep the human interested, engaged and their workload at an appropriate level (i.e. with no under or overload).
Thus the overall concept here is designing a human/machine team, where the design is based on a much more comprehensive understanding of the different strengths and weaknesses of the human and machine parts.
Even if we do get the role and task assignment correct, we can then fall into another trap; that of tending to stove-pipe the human and machine parts. The end result is that we don’t have effective team-working between the human and the machine parts. It’s perhaps easy to see why this might be the case, as understanding teamwork supporting behaviours, such as being able to sense when your colleagues are stressed or overworked, or when they are stopping and starting new activities, can be very difficult for machines to do.
We are therefore interested in solutions which could improve interworking between people and machines based on the idea of the machine being a more realistic, equivalent team member; one that can detect and exploit team contextual information, and use this to vary what the machine and human parts are doing. An example of such an idea is described in the literature as “affective computing”, (book by Rosalind Picard) which suggests that the machine should try and interpret the emotional state of humans and adapt its behaviour to them.
Thus, the overall concept here is one of augmenting human teams with machine team members.
So to summarise – we are interested in solutions that:
can operate more like a supportive team member which means taking account of team context
aren’t going to create a new training load due to complexity and can be operated in environments with high stress and workload
can start at small scale, can be rapidly applied but have the potential to scale up to more sizeable and more capable aids in the longer term
We are not interested in solutions that:
completely replace the human or relegate the role of the human to mere supervisor or integrator of the left over parts
fail to take account of known pitfalls with automating human activities which are well documented in the literature
which could result in people having to accommodate the technology by working or behaving in unnatural ways
comprise of interaction technologies on their own – they must be integrated into a larger information interaction and processing capability
Thank you for your attention, that concludes my talk.