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CDE Competition on FASS - technology challenge 1
The competition briefing outlines the challenges and requirements for enhancing airport security focusing on screening passengers, hand baggage, and hold baggage amid increasing threats. Key objectives include developing smaller, faster, and more effective detection technologies that are user-friendly for both passengers and screeners, while reducing false alarm rates. Various technology challenges and detection methods such as explosive trace detection, canine searches, and automated systems are discussed to improve security efficiency and passenger experience.
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CDE Competition on FASS - technology challenge 1
- 1. Competition briefing This CDEcompetition will focus on 4 elements of the wider FASS scope • people • hand baggage • hold Baggage • cargo OFFICIAL
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- 3. Research and DevelopmentManager Heathrow Security Policy Team
- 4. Delivering security Increased andvaried threat Passenger numbers are increasing Sophisticated travellers – greater expectations • no excessive queuing • do not want to take their shoes and coats off • want to carry liquids in cabin baggage • do not want their items spread over two or more trays • will challenge procedures that they do not understand
- 5. Operational factors Space constraintsin existing buildings Detection technologies footprints are increasing Some detection technologies are too slow in throughput terms • false alarm rate • concept of operations • process time • operator decision time
- 6. The perfect solution Design smallerin size faster in throughput lower in false alarm rates growth in detection IT flexible Human Factors security user friendly passenger user friendly maintenance friendly
- 7. Technology challenge 1: Screeningindividuals and their hand baggage OFFICIAL Threat list • explosive devices • incendiary devices • device components • explosive main charge • explosive detonators • power/timer elements • firearms • ammunition • knives
- 8. Technology challenge 1: Screeningindividuals… OFFICIAL
- 9. …and their handbaggage OFFICIAL
- 10. Current multi layeredapproach OFFICIAL Recompose area Dives t Explosiv e trace detection Metal detector X-ray Manual bag searchBody Scanner Canine Search Resolution Canine Search Staff Shoe screen
- 11. Hand search Effective againstall threat types if carried out correctly • slow • intrusive • strenuous for the screener • unpleasant for both the passenger and the screener OFFICIAL
- 12. Metal detectors • WalkThrough Metal Detectors (WTMD) supported by Hand Held Metal Detectors (HHMD) • zonal alarms • random search ratio for non metallic threats • only detects metals OFFICIAL
- 13. Active millimetre wavescanners • non-ionising radiation • no image of passenger • automatic threat recognition Advantages • removes privacy concerns • removes ‘human’ element Disadvantages • current ATR has higher FAR than screener • can’t easily distinguish benign anomalies OFFICIAL
- 14. Explosive detections dogs •trained to detect multiple target materials • effective at picking up these target odours if trained correctly • developing and maintaining this capability is reliant on training in an operational environment • limited coverage as dogs only able to work short shifts • good deterrent OFFICIAL
- 15. Explosive trace detection Effectivenessof trace screening relies on • detection systems performing at required level • effective surface swabbing Too slow to sample all people OFFICIAL
- 16. People screening requirements Metallicand non-metallic threat items • better identification of item/material • reduce false alarm rate • further increase detection of difficult concealments on person Increased throughput • remove need to divest • walking speed/non-compliant screening an aspiration Technologies/processes to resolve initial alarm • systems to aid alarm resolution • reduce searcher burden • high accuracy OFFICIAL
- 17. Automated X-ray (Explosive DetectionSystem) OFFICIAL
- 18. Cabin baggage systems OFFICIAL Weaponsdetection? Explosive detection solid and liquid Central Search X- Rays Remote Screeners
- 19. Explosive trace detection Effectivenessof trace screening relies on: • detection systems performing at required level • effective surface swabbing Too slow to sample all bags OFFICIAL
- 20. Liquid, aerosol andgels screening Wide range of underlying technology to exploit physical and chemical properties of liquid explosives OFFICIAL Wideband Radio Frequency Complex Impedance Calorimetric wet chemistry Spatially Off-set Raman Spectroscopy (SORS) X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) Multi Mode Microwave near field sensor Multi Spectral Analysis Computed Tomography RF + Ultra Sound
- 21. Hand baggage screeningrequirements Handle complex bags • screen quickly in the presence of complex metal, dense objects or clutter • reduce the need to divest items from bags • assist screener in detecting artfully concealed items Detection of a wide range of threats • all types of explosive materials • firearms identification • respond easily to new/emerging threats (material, shape) Increase throughput OFFICIAL