INGLES OCTAVO GUION.pdf

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ENGLISH
8° GRADE
UNIT 1
GETTING TO KNOW MY CLASSMATES
TEACHER´S NAME: ELVIA AGUILAR

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Formal and informal introductions, greetings and
leave-takings
There are formal and informal greetings depending on the context in
which you are
The most common formal greetings
ENGLISH SPANISH
Hello Hola
Good Morning Buenos Días
GoodAfternoon BuenasTardes
Good Evening Buenas Noches
Good Bye Adios
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"Good night" is used only to say goodbye to someone a few hours after
night; "Good night" is used to greet
Make the pronunciation of each one
The most common informal greetings
ENGLISH SPANISH
Hi Hola
How are you? ¿Cómo estás?
What´s up? ¿Qué tal? / ¿Qué onda?
What´s new? ¿Qué hay de nuevo?
How are things? ¿Cómo estan las cosas?
How´s the family? ¿Cómo está la familia?
Remember to emphasize the pronunciation of the words.
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Nicknames
In English, names are called proper names. As in Spanish, proper names are written
with capital letters.This can help a lot because reading a sentence is easy to identify
proper nouns.
• Peter, Paul and Mary is the name of a singing group from the United States.
• Jason, Lourdes, Patrick, and Gilbert went to the theater.
•Wal-Mart is a very large store.
• One of the most popular authors writing today is Stephen King.
• I'm going to have lunch at Burger King.
When it comes to the proper name of a person, it is said, first and last name, last
name or last name. Nickname is the word used to say "nickname".
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Common questions and a correct way to answer are as follows:
Names
What is your name?
My name is _______.
What is your last name / last name?
My last name / last name is _______.
You have a nickname?
Yes, my nickname is _______ or No, I don't.
these are more common sentences to names.
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Vocabulary and expressions to exchange
personal information
Questions are very important not only to get useful information, but also to
express your curiosity about a person and to have an interesting conversation.
most common expressions for information of people
some sentences to explain how words are used to verify information.
My name is…. Carlos perez
My birthday is… July 1, 1989
My phone number is 22285674
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Cómo se llama / te llamas? What's your name
¿Cuantos años tiene / tienes? How old are you?
Apellido Family name/Surname
Casado Married
Código postal Postcode
Cumpleaños Birthday
De sexo femenino ; Hembra ; Mujer Female
De sexo masculino ; Varón Male
Dirección Address
Divorciado Divorced
Edad Age
Estado civil Marital status
Fecha de nacimiento Date of birth
Iniciales Initials
Lugar de nacimiento Place of birth
Me llamo… My name is...
Nací en…; Soy de… I was born in…
Nacionalidad Nationality
Nombre Name
Nombre de pila Christian name
Número de telefono Telephone number
Señorita Miss
Señorita o Señora Ms
Separado Separated
Sexo Sex
Soltero Single/Unmarried
Sr (señor) Mr
Sra (Señora) Mrs
Tengo…años I am...(years old)
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Likes and dislikes
the "likes and dislikes" serve to express preferences in English, how to express what we
like and what we don't.
“We look at an example to see what we are referring to.
If you want to indicate that you like something, place or person we can use the verb 'I like'
SUBJECT +VERB OF CHOICE + REST OF SENTENCE
I like music.
I like music.
We also deny the main verb and indicate the opposite, that is, that you do not like
something, someone or some place.
I do not like music.
I do not like music
If we want to indicate that we like to do something (anything), should that action verb be
in '-ing'.
SUBJECT +VERB OF CHOICE +VERB - ENG + REST OF SENTENCE
I like listening to music.
I like listening to music.
We also deny the main verb and indicate the opposite, that you do not like to perform an
action
I do not like to listen to music.
I do not like to listen to music.
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The following are the most common verbs to express preferences
love I love (listening to) music.
like I like (listening to) music.
enjoy I enjoy (listening to) music.
dislike I dislike (listening to) music.
hate I hate (listening to) music.
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Review of verb to be and the simple present
Used "to be" as a main verb to show the State or the characteristics of
someone or something (such as a stative verb). “It can also be used with
prepositions of place to indicate where something is located.
AFFIRMATIVE NEGATIVE
I am ´m I am not ´m not
You are ´re You are not Aren´t
He
She is
It
´s
He
She is not
It
Isn´t
We
Your are
They
‘re
We
You are not
They
Aren´t
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Afirmativo Negativo
Am I...? Am I not...? Am I not...?
Are you...? Are you not...? Aren't you...?
Is he...? Is he not...? Isn't he...?
Is she...? Is she not...? Isn't she...?
Is it...? Is it not...? Isn't it...?
Are we...? Are we not...? Aren't we...?
Are you...? Are you not...? Aren't you...?
Are they...? Are they not...? Aren't they...?
Verbo + sujeto + ... + ?
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Review of possessive adjectives (my, your, his, her,
our, their)
Read the rules and copy them into your notebooks.
Possessive adjectives indicate who the noun belongs to. In Spanish “mi”
“su”, etc., is used to denote possession. Possessive adjectives in English
are as follows:
SUBJECT PRONOUNS POSSESIVEADJECTIVES
I MY
YOU YOUR
HE HIS
SHE HER
IT ITS
WE OUR
THEY THEIR
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My, mi(s), mío
My is used to indicate that something belongs or relates to one's self.
That's my watch / Ese es mi reloj
In a conversation or a letter, my is used in front of a name or aWord to
indicate affection. ('my darling...') Can be used in phrases such as 'My God'
(Dios Mío) to indicate surprise.
Your, tu(s), su(s)
You’re used to indicate that something belongs to the person who is being
talked about. Is equivalent to the 'tu, su / vuestro, vuestros' Spanish. Note
that treatment in English does not change, unlike the distinction in Spanish
tú and the its (from you).
I like your shoes / Me gustan tus zapatos
These are your tickets / Estas son sus entradas
His, su (de él)
His is used to refer or to indicate membership of
something a person of male person.
This is his tie / Ésta es su corbata
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Her, su (de ella)
Her is used to refer us or indicate something belonging to a
female person.
She's broken her arm. / Se ha roto el brazo
Its, su(s) (de una cosa)
“Its” is used to refer or to indicate membership of something one
thing, place or animal.You can also use when referring to a baby.
The bird is in its cage / El pájaro está en su jaula
Our, nuestro
We use our refer us to indicate membership of something to a
group of more than one person among which we include.
Our house is in the centre of the town / Nuestra casa está en el
centro de la ciudad
Their, su(s) (de ellos)
We use their referring to indicate membership of something
to a group of more than one person among them that we
do not include
What colour is their parrot? / ¿De qué color es su loro?
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Review of subject pronouns
Subject pronouns in English are also known as subject or nominal personal
pronouns.They are those that refer to grammatical people.
There are the following subjective personal pronouns in the English
language:
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Like any pronoun, substitute or designated name that executes the
action and has been used before, as for example in the following
sentence:
Juan will travel to London. He will study English.
John will travel to London.You will study English.
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Vocabulary:Titles: Mr., Miss, Mrs. Ms
vocabulary:
Sr.- It is used for adult men.
Mrs. - Used before a married woman's last name when speaking or
referring to her.
Miss.- It is used in front of the surname of a girl or woman who is not
married.
Ms.- Used instead of Miss or Mrs. Especially in written English when you
don't want to specify if the woman is married or not.
Plural forms are rarely used, but here they are:
(Sir) MessrsThomas
(Miss) Miss Murphy
(Mrs.) Mses / Mss Murphy
(Lady) Mesdames Reley
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the rules for its use:
They are not used alone, we could not say for example: Excuse me Mr.
Its use is formal
They are used followed by the last name: Mr. Johnson; can also be used
with first name, but must include last name: Mr.Tom Johnson (less formal)
It is not normally used with names of known or famous people:
This is my friendAnnieWalker
Clinton Health Policy
Useful expressions
most common expressions in English class:
- Could you spell your ...?:This expression is used to know how to write a
word in English
- Excuse me, are you ....?: Expression used to ask the name of the person
with whom you start a conversation.
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*Illustrate a formal greeting and informal greetings
*In pairs to make a small presentation of how each one presents with their
name
*Perform 5 examples using the vocabulary to exchange personal information
Try to think in sentences to say what you like and what you don't like
doing, starting with any of the options shown. For example:
I like dancing.
Me gusta bailar.
I love learning English.
Me encanta aprender inglés.
I'm fond of cooking.
Me gusta cocinar.
I don't like playing video-games.
No me gusta jugar a los
videojuegos.
I hate writing letters.
Odio escribir cartas.
I'm not interested in cinema.
No me interesa el cine.
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Perform 3 affirmative prayers interrogative and negative of the verbTo Be
EXAMPLES:
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Write a conversation using possessive adjectives.
Write 5 sentences using the subject pronouns and 5 sentences using the
possesive adjectives
In pairs, say hello and goodbye in English
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ENGLISH
8° GRADE
UNIT 2
MY SCHOOL

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Identification of facilities, personnel, objects and
equipment at school
class objects in english
the vocabulary of the classroom and the school environment
practice the pronunciation of some class objects
What other objects are in the class?
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Description of school activities
school activities in English and Spanish.
Now that they know the area and the objects of the English school, they now
learn about the activities that take place in the school
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practice the pronunciation of some school activities.
What other school activities have I not mentioned?
SPANISH ENGLISH
GRUPO DE ESTUDIO Study Group
INFORME Report
TAREA Homework
LABORATORIO Laboratory
CUADRO DE HONOR Honor Roll
PRUEBA/EXAMEN Test
GUION DE CLASE Lesson Plan
ASIGNACION Assignment
EXCURSION ESCOLAR School excursion
EJERCICIOS DE REPETICION Exercises of repetition
EXAMEN DE EVALUACION Examination of evaluation
INFORME DE LABORATORIO Lab Report
ACTIVIDADES EXTRACURRICULARES Extracurricular Activities
TARJETA DE NOTAS/LIBRETA DE NOTAS Report card
GRADUACION Graduation
ASIGNATURA/MATERIA Subject
RECREO/RECESO Recess
PERIODO DE CALIFICACIONES Grade Period
PROYECTO Proyect
CUADERNO DE TRABAJO Workbook
EJERCICIO Exercise
LECCION Lesson
LIBRO DE TEXTO Text Book
PERIODO DE EVALUACION Assesment Period
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Review of the verb to be
it is more natural to use contractions when speaking and it is more common to
write complete forms when writing a formal letter.
images of the verb to be
AFFIRMATIV
E
I am
You are
He/ She/ It is
We are
You are
They are
Negative
I´m not
You´re not
He isn´t / She Isn´t
/ It isn´t
We aren´t
You aren´t
They aren´t
Negative
I am not
You are
not
He / She /
It is not
We are not
You are
not
They are
not
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AFFIRMATIVE
I´m
You´re
He´s / She´s / It´s
We´re
You´re
They´re
INTERROGATIVE
Am I
AreYou
Is he / Is she / It is
Are we
AreYou
AreThey
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examples of the verbTo Be in the classroom context.
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Comparative of adjectives:
In English when we compare two things we use adjectives and their three
degrees: positive, comparative and superlative, for this class comparative
adjectives will be explained.The comparative is used to indicate a degree of
comparison between two nouns, and indicates that one of the nouns has an
attribute to a greater or lesser degree than that of the comparison.
Ex. Chicago is smaller than NewYork ( Chicago es más pequeño que Nueva
York)
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We are usually comparative by adding – “er” to the adjective. If the
adjective ends with “e”, just add r to the comparative form. If the word
ends with a consonant “y” then and change the “y” with a “i“and then add
– “er”. And if a word ends with a consonant and a vowel, then another
consonant and the strong syllable is the last, doubles the last letter before
adding – “er”.
There are a few adjectives that its comparative forms do not follow any of
the above rules, those are called irregular adjectives
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he following tables show with examples of the sample presented above
MonosyllabicAdjectives
adjective spanish comparative spanish
Small Pequeño Smaller Más pequeño
Tall Alto Taller Más alto
Old Viejo Older MásViejo
Long Largo Longer Más largo
big Grande bigger Más grande
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Bisyllabic Adjectives
Easy Fácil Easier Más facil
Happy Féliz Happier Más feliz
Clever Listo Cleverer Más listo
Gentle suave Gentler Más suave
polite amable politer Más amable
Larges Adjectives
Expensive Caro More expensive Más caro
Modern Modern More modern Más moderno
Beautiful Hermoso More beautiful Más hermoso
Elegant Elegante More elegant Más elegante
dangerous peligroso More dangerous Más peligroso
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Irregular Adjectives
Good Bueno Better Major
Bad Malo Worse Peor
Little Poco Less Menos
Far lejos Farther Más lejos
many muchos more más
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Superlative of adjectives
the superlative degree of comparison between two or more nouns, or a noun
is singular and one is plural or collective, indicating that the attribute is
higher among those with which it is compared.
That tree is the biggest in the city (Ese árbol es el más grade de la ciudad)
In the majority of cases to form superlatives in English we must add the suffix
'est' at the end of the word. Add "iest" If a word ends with a consonant followed
by "and".We change the "y" for "i" and then add "est". Add double consonant +
'est' If a word ends with a consonant and a vowel, then another consonant and
the strong syllable is the last. Add double consonant + 'est' If a word ends with a
consonant and a vowel, then another consonant and the strong syllable is the
last.
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some examples of superlative adjective rules
He is the smartest boy in the class
- My dog is the smallest pet in the park
- The oldest car in town, is in front you
Long adjectives is replaced the word "more" by "most" to indicate that the
attribute is greater among those with which it is compared. and if the word is
two syllables or more and does not end with “Y”.
Expensive Most
expensive
Beautiful Most
beautiful
accesible Most
accesible
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The irregular superlatives are also comparative irregular and refer to
words that can't add you the suffix "er" to compare or the suffix 'est' to
form the superlative. Either we can use them with the phrases "more than"
"less than" or "the most". Its superlative is simply built with a newWord.
Good best
old oldest
many most
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Possessive pronouns: mine, yours, his, hers, ours,
theirs
Possessive pronouns indicate who something belongs to
Ex. I have a laptop. It's my laptop. = I have a laptop. It's my laptop.
Possessive pronouns are classified into two types according to their
function in the sentence.
1. On the basis of the determining article of the subject: Grammatically, it
works as a determining article of the noun it accompanies, so it always goes
before the object.
Examples: this blue car is mine. (That blue car is mine)
Your house is big. (Your house is big.)
2. On the basis of the pronoun: It functions grammatically as a direct object
pronoun according to.
Examples: the blue car is mine. (The blue car is mine.)
The big house is yours. (The big house is yours.)
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SUBJECT PRONOUNS POSSESIVE PRONOUNS
I MINE
YOU YOURS
HE HIS
SHE HERS
IT ITS
WE OURS
THEY THEIRS
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practice the dialogue using different information:
-Who owns this book? It's mine.
Who owns this book? It's mine.
- I have a key.You don't have yours.
I have a key.You don't have yours.
-Those pants are yours.
Those pants are yours.
-Those pants are hers.
Those pants are yours.
-Who owns this book? Is ours
Who owns this book? Is ours
-Who owns this book? It's theirs.
Who owns this book? It's yours (theirs).
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Review of indefinite articles: a/an
A and AN are the indefinite articles. They refer to something not specifically
known to the person you are communicating with.
A and AN are used before nouns that introduce something or someone you
have not mentioned before.
A and An are also used when talking about your profession.
You use “A” when the noun you are referring to begins with a consonant (b,
c, d, f, g, h, j, k, l, m, n, r, s, t, v, w, x, y or z) for example. “a city”. “a factory”,
and “a hotel”.
You use “AN” when the noun you are referring to begins with a vowel (a, e, i,
o, u)
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The indefinite article is also used in certain expressions of frequency, speed
or price.
sixty kilometres an hour -> sesenta kilómetros por hora
five times a week -> cinco veces a la semana
If the next word begins with a consonant sound when we say it, for
example, “university” then we use a. If the next word begins with a vowel
sound when we say it, for example “hour” then we use an.
We say “university” with a “y” sounds at the beginning as though it were
spelt “youniversity”.So, “a university” IS correct.
We say “hour” with a silent h as though it were spelt “our”(Lots of people
get these wrong-including native speakers.
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Definite article the
There are two ways the pronounce “the”. One “thuh” and the other “thee”
We use the when you have already mentioned the thing you are talking about.
For example: “She´s got two children; a girl and a boy.The girl´s eight and the
boy´s fourteen”
We use the to talk about geographical points on the globe.
For example:The North Pole, the equator
We also use the to talk about rivers, oceans and seas.
For example:The Nile, the Pacific, the English channel.
We also use thebefore certain nouns when we know there is only one of a
particular thing.
For example: the rain, the sun, the wind, the world, the earth, theWhite House,
etc.
However if you want to describe a particular instance of these you should use a
/an.
For example:
“I could hear the wind/ “There´s a cold wind blowing”
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The is also used to say that a particular person or thing being mentioned is the best,
most famous, etc. In this use, “the” is usually given strong pronunciation whether or not
it proceeds a vowel:
For example: “Harry´s Bar is the place to go”
“You don´t mean you met theTony Blair, do you?”
!Note-The doesn´t mean all:-
For example:
“The books are expensive” = (Not all books are expensive, just the ones I´m talking
about.)
“Books are expensive.” = (All books are expensive.)
NOARTICLE
We usually use no article to talk about things in general:-
Inflation is rising People are worried about rising crime. (Note! People generally, so no
article)
You do not use an article when talking about sports.
For example:
My son plays football.
Tennis is expensive.
You do not use an article before uncountable nouns when talking about them generally.
For example:
Information is important to any organization.
Coffee is bad for you.
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Vocabulary
vocabulary from school facilities to students to practice and increase their
vocabulary.
classroom laboratory library Cafeteria
Principal´s office office gym Yard
playground BKB court Soccer field Computer room
Teacher room bathroom
vocabulary of school personnel:
principal teacher secretary
janitor psychologist P.E. teacher
vocabulary of school supplies:
projector microscope computer keyboard CPU
printer Fax machine photocopier scanner bookshelves
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vocabulary from school courses:
mathematics science Social studies English
spanish Language and
literature
Physical
education
technology
vocabulary from school activities:
Science fair Achievement fair Literature
contest
Competitions
Song festival Gastronomic
festival
Civic week
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Useful expressions
there are certain expressions in English that are the most used in the
context of school and that serve to enrich everyday vocabulary. Below are
some of the most used
What do you have in your
classroom?
There is/There are…
What classes do you have? What is the easiest/ hardest class?
Who´s the principal at your school? What´s your teacher´s name?
Who´s your best friend?
Let's practice the taught phrases
We carry out a conversation in pairs using the phrases learned.
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Make posters with the names of the objects, areas and equipment of the
school in English.
Every student writes and illustrates the activity that more he likes and the
activity that less he likes
Each student will make a description of oneself using comparative
adjectives
Form working groups to carry out a poster with comparative and
superlative adjectives related to the school and the classroom and
show them for the next class
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EXAMPLES:
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Make 10 sentences using the possessive pronouns
illustrate with clippings from newspapers or magazines 5 examples of
the article indefinite "A" and 5 examples of the article indefinite "AN"
In his notebook, carry out a short conversation using the context of the
expressions from the class.
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ENGLISH
8° GRADE
UNIT 3
MY HOME

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House and furniture
Try to deduce the meaning of the words by looking at the different parts of
the house.
Basement bathroom bedroom downstairs house Living room
stairs Swimming
pool
upstairs yard back Coffee
comfortabl
e
expensive just perfect small Stain
Pay attention to some comprehension questions, such as:
1. Is this a small house?A / No, it is not. It is very big.
2. Is the bedroom upstairs? A /Yes, they are.
3.Where is the small bathroom?A / It's down
4. Is the patio in front of the house?A / No, it's in the back.
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that it is important to know the general vocabulary of home furniture for
any situation that we need
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Physical appearance of relatives
vocabulary of physical descriptions:
Tall alto short bajo slim Delgado
thin flaco fat gordo obese obeso
Well-buit fornido overweight Con sobrepeso Medium height Talla media
Well-dressed Bien vestido smart elegante Good-looking Bien parecido
attractive atractivo beautiful bello pretty guapo
ugly feo old viejo young joven
Middle-age De mediana
edad
bald calvo Bald-headed Cabeza calva
beard barba moustache bigote Long hair Pelo largo
Short hair Pelo corto Straight hair Pelo liso Curly hair Pelo rizado
Fair haired Pelo rubio Blond haired Pelo rubio Brown haired Pelo castaño
Dark haired Pelo moreno Ginger haired pelirrojo blonde rubio
brunette moreno redhead pelirrojo
it is important to know the general vocabulary of home furniture for any
situation that we need
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Personality of relatives
Now in this topic we will learn the description of moods, emotions or
personalities to be able to describe, recognize or identify the other's
people.
BAD-
TEMPERED
MALHUMORADO BRAVE VALIENTE CAREFREE DESPREOCUPADO
CARELESS DESCUIDADO CAUTIOS PRUDENTE COWARDLY COBARDE
CRAZY LOCO CHARMING ENCANTADOR CHEERFUL JOVIAL
BORING ABURRIDO FRIENDLY AMIGABLE GENEROUS GENEROSO
HARD-
WORKING
TRABAJADOR HONEST HONESTO KIND AMABLE
LAID-BACK TRANQUILO LAZY PEREZOSO LOYAL FIEL
MEAN TACAÑO MODEST MODESTO NAIVE INGENUO
POLITE CORTES PROUD ORGULLOSO SELFISH EGOISTA
SHY TIMIDO STRICT ESCTRICTO SYMPATHETIC COMPRENSIVO
TALKATIVE CONVERSADOR TRUSTWORHTY DIGNO DE
CONFIANZA
WEIRD RARO
it is important to know the general vocabulary of home furniture for any
situation that we need
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Meaning of home
The term home is very commonly used by people to describe the place where
they live and that is closely related to a sense of security, comfort, belonging,
and calm, while you chose this word and not another for the other meaning
that also has the term, which is the site of the House in which catches are fire
and which used to gather the family in the past when there were no stoves or
the splits/cold to warm up and eat.
It is worthwhile to clarify the difference that has with the Word home, being
that this only refers to the physical space, while home is more related to a
feeling
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For children, a home should be a source of support, security, love and good
example.Therefore, there is no doubt that parents the foundations for
what their children will be in the future.
Having a family is a right enshrined by the rules and goes beyond parents
and their children to live under the same roof; It means sharing, giving and
receiving affection, listen, value, respect, dialogue, get involved and
accept the similarities and differences of each of the members.
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Adjectives for describing appearance and personality
Here is a list of adjectives in English that can be used to describe a
person's personality and physical appearance.
Confident seguro sensitive sensible calm Calmado
impulsive impulsivo generous generoso kind Amable
mean tacaño serious serio honest Honesto
Hard-
working
trabajador lazy vago clever Listo
intelligent inteligente arrogant arrogante happy feliz
adventorou
s
aventurero shy timido polite amable
funny divertido boring aburrido patient paciente
friendly amigable conceited vanidoso brave valiente
coward cobarde talented talentoso obedient obediente
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vocabulary of physical descriptions:
Tall alto short bajo slim Delgado
thin flaco fat gordo obese obeso
Well-buit fornido overweight Con
sobrepeso
Medium
height
Talla media
Well-
dressed
Bien
vestido
smart elegante Good-
looking
Bien
parecido
attractive atractivo beautiful bello pretty guapo
ugly feo old viejo young joven
Middle-age De mediana
edad
bald calvo Bald-
headed
Cabeza
calva
beard barba moustache bigote Long hair Pelo largo
Short hair Pelo corto Straight
hair
Pelo liso Curly hair Pelo rizado
Fair haired Pelo rubio Blond
haired
Pelo rubio Brown
haired
Pelo
castaño
Dark haired Pelo
moreno
Ginger
haired
pelirrojo blonde rubio
brunette moreno redhead pelirrojo
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Be + adjective
small explanation of the verb SER
the verbTO BE the adjectives
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examples of how adjectives are formed with the verbTO BE
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Simple present wh- questions
To formulate questions in simple present we must use the auxiliary "do" and "does"
depending on the person from whom we are speaking in prayer.These auxiliary van
before the subject as you can see in the following illustration.
The above examples are a type of questions for answer of 'yes' or 'no'.When we asked
those words "wh-" we saw before, these are put at the beginning, then the auxiliary "do"
or "does" depending on the person, then the subject of who you're wondering whether
the noun or pronoun.
75

Something important that is clear is that to ask questions the
rule is not to change the verb for third persons of the
singular, only in the answers is where the previous rule will be
followed as you can see in the previous illustration.
simple present examples for "Wh" questions and specific
answers.
76

Review of prepositions of place: in, at, on
prepositions of place in English are words of location, whose function is
to define the spatial position of one object with respect to another
77

PREPOSITIONS OF PLACE
These prepositions will help you speak about where things
are:
•at for a POINT
•in for an ENCLOSED SPACE
•on for a SURFACE
•behind at the back of
•below lower than something
•beside next to
•between in the middle of two things.
Repeat all kinds of prepositions of place that we learned and what each
one means.
Say prepositions again with attention in the pronunciation of words.
78

Vocabulary
Places of house vocabulary synthesis:
Living room kitchen Dinning room bedroom bathroom
garden yard garage stairs First floor
Second floor Home safety protection comfort support
79

synthesis of furniture vocabulary:
sofa armchair
s
Coffee
table
lamp mirror telephon
e
Televisio
n set
clock refrigera
tor
stove Microwa
ve oven
sink table chairs
China
cabinet
curtains bed closet wardrob
e
fan bookcas
e
vocabulary of physical appearance:
tall short thi heavy slim
Good-looking pretty handsome beautiful ugly
young Middle-aged blond gray brown
Black hair curly wavy Straight hair blue
green Brown eyes brunette clear Dark skin
80

synthesis of personality vocabulary
outgoing shy easygoing talkative
stubborn quiet friendly serious
Practice vocabulary with greater emphasis on the pronunciation of
words.
81

Useful Expressions
Useful expressions related to this unit:
This is my family Who is she? Which one is your sister?
That´s/ She´s my sister,
mother
That´s/He´s my father,
brtoher
Where´s your mother?
My mother is in the
garden
What does home mean?
82

Paste in your notebook pictures of objects that you can find in the different
places of the house.
Write a description of each with 5 characteristics of physical description
83

•Describe the physical appearance and as believe that it
is the personality of the following persons:
•Cristiano Ronaldo
•Barak Obama
•Pope Francisco
•Jennifer López
Lionel Messi
Write and illustrate 10 sentences using
the verbTO BE with adjectives
Make and illustrate 10 sentences using
the prepositions of place
In your clipping notebook and illustrious
5 house locations, 5 physical appearance
and 5 furniture
84

Make the interrogative form of the simple present in English with the
words "wh" (why, what, when etc.) of these affirmative sentences.
85

86
ENGLISH
8° GRADE
UNIT 4
LET´S GO SHOPPING

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Clothing and personal care items
personal items and clothing
90

•I show a vocabulary of personal items and clothing’s
PERSONAL ITEMS
ENGLISH SPANISH ENGLISH SPANISH ENGLISH SPANISH
Bracelet Brazalete Hand bag Bolso de mano Key ring Llavero
Comb Cepillo para el
pelo
Hand kerchief Pañuelo Lipstick Pintalabios
Earring Aritos Hair bush Peine Make up Maquillaje
Glasses gafas keys llaves necklace collar
Purse monedero ring anillo umbrella sombrilla
CLOTHING
ENGLISH SPANISH ENGLISH SPANISH ENGLISH SPANISH
Cap Gorra Gloves Guantes Shoes zapatos
Belt Cinuron Hat Sombrero Socks Calcetines
Blouse Blusa High heels Tacones Sweater Sueter
Boots Botas Jacket Chaqueta Tie Corbata
Coat Abrigo Skirt Falda t-shirt Camiseta
dress vestido shirt camisa
91

Home appliances
it is important to be prepared to enjoy a conversation in English in any
circumstance.This vocabulary will allow us, for example, to go shopping
abroad or on the Internet.
vocabulary of the most common household appliances in our homes
92

Review of colors
do you know any color in english
read the names of the colors in the box.
93

Diálogos con los colores:
What colour is the sky? (¿De qué color es el cielo?)
- The sky is sky blue. (El cielo es celeste).
- What colour are the clouds? (¿De qué color son las
nubes?)
- They (the clouds) are white. ((Las nubes) Son
blancas).
- What colour is your book? (¿De qué color es tu
libro?)
- My book is red. (Mi libro es rojo).
94

Prices up to $1000.00
High figures and their rules will be learned in your application in English.
Look at the following table with the numbers 1000 to 1,000,000
95

The problem of the trillion in English. In English the word trillion (trillion)
means 1000 million, whereas in Spanish (and for most from non-english
speaking countries) a trillion is a million million. This situation causes high
errors in translations. So you have to be careful. As seen in the following table
the problem affects not only the trillion but also to all the larger units:
The numbering system where thousand of millions is a trillion is called numbering
system short scale and is used in all the English-speaking countries and Brazil.The
system of long scale is used in America (with the exception of the English-speaking
countries and Brazil) and in western Europe (with the exception of the UK and Ireland).
96

Groceries and produce
A grocery store is a retail
store that primarily sells
food. A grocer is a seller
of bulk food. Grocery
stores often offer non-
perishable foods
packaged in cans, bottles,
and boxes, and some also
carry fresh produce,
butchers, deli, and
bakeries. Large grocery
stores that stock
significant amounts of
non-food items, such as
clothing and household
items, are called
supermarkets. Some
large supermarkets also
include a pharmacy and
an electronics section.
97

Present continuous
the present continuous and its function:
Present progressive is used for actions that occur at the moment of
speaking and for actions that take place only for a short period of time.
It is also used to express the development and actions that are
organized for the near future.The present progressive is also known as
present continuous.
98

FORM
To be ( am, are, is) + infinitive+ - ing
Use a form of to be and the infinite verb plus –ing.
Use:
• am with the personal pronoun I
• is with the personal pronouns he, she or it (or the singular form of nouns)
• are with the personal pronouns you, we, they (or the plural form of
nouns)
affirmative negative question
I I am playing I am not playing Am I playing?
he, she, it He is playing He is not playing Is he playing?
you, we, they Your are playing Your are not playing Are you playing?
Read and copy the rule on how to form the present progressive.
99

How much versus how many
Both terms are used to ask for quantities of something.
Whether they are countable nouns, apply How many
If it's countless nouns, use how much.
These expressions are always followed by a noun; then the word and the rest of the
sentence.
How many cars do you have?
How many cars do you have?
How much money do you have?
How much money do you have?
They are also used generically to ask "how much is there". In this case, it will be followed
by the noun, then, is / are there.
How many cars are there?
How many cars are there?
How much money is there?
How much money is there?
These questions are answered using Hay / hay, depending on whether it is singular or
plural, as we have seen in previous lessons.
100

To make reference to the substantive countless, you can use the packaging or
the measures of the packaging which contain them, which if you are accounting
...
101

Quantifiers
Quantifiers indicate the amount of a name.They are answers to the question
"How ?". Like articles, quantifiers, define a name and are always located in
front of the name. Some can only be used with names accounting, others,
only with countless names and others with both.
102

In the following overview you
can study how and when to use
them.
Many: It expresses the idea of
wealth. Above all is used in
negative and interrogative
sentences with the accounting
name plural.You can use "many"
in affirmative sentences,
although it is not very common.
Normally, we use other
quantifiers such as "a lot.“
Much: As "many", it expresses
the idea of wealth and is used
above all in negative and
interrogative sentences.The
difference with "many" is that we
use only "much" with countless
names with singular. "Much" can
be used in affirmative phrases,
although it would be more formal
and is not as common.
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Some: It is used both for names or nouns countless names or accounting nouns
in the plural. Used in phrases affirmative and interrogative (to say something);
'' any '' in negative or interrogative sentences is replaced. Means an indefinite
quantity, but limited.
•Any: It is used in the same contexts as "some", but in negative or
interrogative sentences
A diferencia de la partícula “no”, “ninguna” se puede utilizar sin ir
acompañada de un nombre, contable o incontable. Por eso está
acostumbrado a ir al final de la frase y le gusta la única respuesta a una
pregunta que se refiere a cantidades.
104

A lot of/ Lots of: Express idea of large quantities. Can be used with names or
substantive accounting and countless. Unlike "many" and "much", do not use
them in sentences interrogatives. In general, "lots of" is more casual
A Little/ Little: Express a small amount and are only used with names countless.
The option to use "little" or "a little" reflects an opinion on the quantity. If you
use "a little", means a positive opinion on the quantity and if you use "little"
implies a negative opinion.
Few/ A Few: Express a small number. "A few" may indicate a sufficient number.
They are only used with names accounting. As we have seen above, the option
of using "few" or "a few" reflects on the quantity. "Few" describes the amount
of negative form and "a few" describes in a positive way.
105

Any / some
The words some and any are used when the speaker cannot specify or does
not need / want to specify a number or an exact amount. Compare the
following sentences:
- I have some bananas on my refrigerator. (I don´t know exactly how many
bananas I have Or: It is not important that you exactly how many bananas I
have.)
Some
Some is used with the plural form of
countable nouns and with uncountable
nouns.
A pen, some pens (countable noun)
Some water ( uncountable noun)
Some is used in positive sentences. There is some milk in the fridge
(uncountable noun)
I did some exercises ( countable noun,
plural)
Some is used in offers. Would you like some tea? ( uncountable
noun)
Some is used in request. Could you give me some advice, please?
( uncountable noun)
106

The “rules” that follow apply also to words containing some and any:
somebody/anybody something/anything, etc. In general, some is used in positive
sentences:
Any
Any is used with the plural form of countable
nouns and with uncountable nouns.
A pen, any pens ( countable noun)
Any water ( uncountable noun)
Any is used in questions Is there any milk in the fridge? (uncountable
noun)
Any is used in negative sentences. There isn´t any milk in the fridge
( uncountable noun)
In general, any is used in negative sentences and questions:
I didn´t any nice presents for Christmas this year.
I looked in the cupboard but I couldn´t find any biscuits.
I don´t need any help.
She´s so rude. No wonder she doesn´t have any friends.
I don´t have anything to wear to the dance.
I´m not hungry. I don´t want anything to eat.
Do you have any brothers or sisters?
Did you catch any fish?
Have you seen any good films recently?
Does anyone know the answer?
Are you going anywhere this Christmas?
107

In fact the use of some/ any is a little more complicated. Following are two
common occasion when the above “rules” are “broken”:
We can use some in questions when offering/requesting:
• Would you like some more tea?
• Could I have some milk, please?
• Do you want something to eat?
We use any in positive sentences when we mean it doesn´t matter
which…:
• You can come and ask for my help any time.
• Which book shall I read?- Any one. It´s up to you.
• You can sit anywhere but here.This is my seat.
108

Vocabulary
synthesis of the vocabulary of clothing and household appliances:
trousers jacket suit raincoat sandals
sneakers boots tie hat cap
tv stereo dvd camcorder Cell phone
Microwave
oven
refrigerator stove
grocery vocabulary and measurements
A can of A box of A bottle of A head of A crate of A bowl of
A loaf of A slice of A little A few A lot of A bag of
A pound of tuna rice orange juice lettuce
grapes soup bread ham salt sugar
pineapples watermelon cream oil groundbeef
109

Useful Expressions
How can I help you? I need/ want/ would
like…please
Are there any…?
What else do we need? Let´s go shopping That’s all
Practice useful expressions
110

¡Ahora te corresponde
practicar a ti!
Instrucciones:Analiza
las fotografías y
completa las oraciones
en tu cuaderno de
Inglés.
111

¡Es hora de practicar!Ya
sea en tu cuaderno o si
tienes impresor en tu casa,
imprime esta guía y
conecta los nombres de
los enseres
electrodomésticos y la
figura que los representa.
112

113

114

115
ENGLISH
8° GRADE
UNIT 5
PARTY TIME

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117

118

When you receive an invitation it is supposed to be because you are well
received at an event of any kind, but unfortunately you cannot attend all the
invitations you receive. When you decline an invitation; appreciates their
generosity. For example, you might say, "Thank you very much for the
invitation, I really appreciate it and it means a lot." “Then give a specific
reason why they cannot attend the event. Preferably, it should be a genuine
and sincere explanation.
most common responses to accept an invitation
-Formal replies
Thank you (very much).
I would be delighted
It would be a pleasure
That would be wonderful.
119

Common responses to decline an invitation
-Informal replies
-Great, sure.
-That sounds fun/great.
-I’d love to.
Also that it is important to decline an invitation and show more common
ways like rejecting a formal invitation courteously and politely
-Reject invitation formally
-I would love to but I am afraid I
(am busy/have another
appointment/etc.)
-I am terribly/awfully sorry. I (am
busy/I already have plans).
-That’s very kind of you but…
120

•I show forms of decline invitation informally but also of polite way
•Reject informal invitation
•I can’t. I’m busy
(tonight/today/this week).
•Thanks for asking, but…
•Sorry, I ….
121

Request
We need to know how identify the requests when we make them and remove them
from the normal, ordinary, i.e. understand questions the difference between asking
for something and ask something. For example, ordinary questions are formed in
English by "do", the word that points to the listener that you will ask a question, for
example
Requests, on the other hand, are the type of questions that are asked something and
which implies, although it does not say, a "please", Requests are not formed with "oj"
but with "will" and always start "Will you…" post that you are always prompted for
something to you, to you, to you or you are all you in English. So the examples above
would be:
122

And when asked something in English, it is highly recommended to add the "please" (
por favor) at the end since English is a more diplomatic and less direct than the
Spanish language and you give the impression of being a little rude if you are missing
the "please"
As a general rule, do not use the do to ask for something, but the will or can.And if
someone asks you something, this is the way to respond naturally to the request:
123

Expressions of agreement and disagreement
In Spanish when we show affinity with someone saying "yo tambien" or "yo
tampoco", depending on the context. English things change a little because we
have certain rules to follow according to the different times that we are talking
about.
How to show us in accordance with a person affirmatively and negatively?To
start it must be made clear that in this case will be used the words "So" and
"Neither" more auxiliaries of the time in which the other person is expressed.
"So": when we respond to an affirmative prayer (tambien) "Neither": when we
respond to a negative sentence (tampoco)
Let's see some practical using each of these times. Note that the reply is
only in first person.
124

As you can see from the examples above, agreeing with another person
has a long bearing on how long the original sentence was expressed.There
is a universal "me too" as is the case in Spanish.
expressing agreement with the negative sentences we have the following
structure.
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En contraparte, cuando se quiere mostrar un desacuerdo o simplemente una
opinión contraria, en este caso no hay palabras. Aquí simplemente usó el auxiliar
a la inversa.
Desacuerdo con las oraciones afirmativas
Disagreetment with negative sentences:
When we agree with other people we need to use "so" and "neither" more assistants
according to the time. On the other hand if we disagreed we must answer with the
auxiliary inverse of the original phrase.
126

Future with BE+GOINGTO
When we use "going to" in a sentence to refer to the future
The future going to forms:
In slang it contracts going to in gonna:
127

•To form the negation l is added not after the am/are/is:
The "future going to" is used for: actions that are planned to perform in the
future, usually in a near future.
128

The construction of the passive is:
129

example of ways to combine go to
130

Adverbs of time
When we want to express when it performs an action we use adverbs of
time
The typical position of these adverbs is final position and answers the
question when? (When?). I show some temporal adverbs:
objective temporal adverbs Subjective temporal
adverbs
131

examples of the use of adverbs of time:
132

Review of prepositions of time and place
Prepositions of time are used to indicate when something happened. As we
saw in the previous lesson, the three most common prepositions ("in", ", "on"),
can be used as prepositions of place or prepositions of time
The preposition IN is used to express parts or divisions of the day, to talk
about the months and as an expression of future, to make mention of an event
that will take place within a specific period of time
133

The preposition ON we can use it to accompany the days of the week or also
for parts or divisions of the day, but in this case we must clarify that day talk
and finally use it ON to mention dates
Prepositions of place in English are location words, whose function is to define
the spatial position of an object in relation to other objects in the class and
they are asked if they are undefined or not.
prepositions will help you speak about
where things are:
•in for an ENCLOSED SPACE
on for a SURFACE
134

Object Pronouns
The pronouns
they are pronouns that receive the action of the verb.They come before the
verb or a preposition.
135

In English we use the pronoun "it" to refer to things or animals.This pronoun
does not exist in Spanish
In English the verb "is" can never be alone. Must always have a subject. In
the sentence above "it" refers to the time. As the time is one thing, we use
the pronoun "it". It is confusing for students because in Spanish is not
required to be a subject to each verb. In the sentences below in Spanish is
not used a subject (This only "is" ), but in English "is" cannot stand alone.
As we are talking about a thing that is interesting (and not a person) we
use "it" as the subject.
It should be remembered that the subject pronouns generally go before the
verb (except in a question) and make the action of the verb. Object
pronouns generally go after the verb and receive the action of the verb or
go after a preposition.
136

Rejoinders with too and either
For express rejoinders with prayers affirmative we use (too/os) and for
the negative we use(tampocon = either/neither)..
I show example of the use of express agreement with affirmative
sentences:
137

•With the negative sentences Tampoco (either/neither)
138

Vocabulary
vocabulary of the words used in this unit.
LATE EARLY ON TIME
THEM HIM HER ME
Practice and review vocabulary words aloud
Useful Expressions
What are you going to do is weekend? What are you going to do on…?
Let´s have a party! Would you like to come with us?
I´d love to come along I´d love to
But I can´t I´, sorry
I can´t Do you want some…?
139

140

141

142

143

*Make some examples using In and ON but in prepositions of time
*Make some examples using In and ON but on prepositions of time
•In every sentences decides if you have to use the subject pronoun (subject pronoun)
or the pronoun object (object pronoun)
•I go to school with (she/her)
•(He/ him) lives in Spain
•My mother and (I/ me) go shopping on Saturdays
•Give the books to (they/them)
•(we/ us) live in El Salvador
She is going to the party with (we/ us)
Perform 10 sentences using the too and 10 using either
Make a list of 25 words in English and Spanish that is learned
in this unit
144

145
ENGLISH
8° GRADE
UNIT 6
HEALTHY HABITS

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148

Food pyramid
The food pyramid is a general guide to which people can choose a healthy
diet.This is an orientation on how it should be a healthy and balanced diet,
which involves numbers and types of food many times becomes difficult and
impractical for most people. A balanced menu should contain, on a daily
basis, about 55% carbohydrates, 30% fat and 15% of proteins and vitamins,
minerals and fibers
149

The main objectives of the food
pyramid are most varied food, a
lower intake of saturated fat and
cholesterol intake, eating more
fruits, vegetables and grains, so,
as the moderate intake of sugar,
salt and alcohol. Physical
exercise is recommended to the
loss and maintenance of weight
as well, the prevention of
diseases such as diabetes,
hypertension, osteoporosis or
cardiovascular problems.The
adoption of the Food Guide
Pyramid is designed to show a
clear and objective needs of
calories and nutrients of the
population using their usual
food, making it easy, practical
and flexible.
food pyramid groups
150

Group 1: base of the pyramid consists of carbohydrate-rich foods. The hydrates of carbon in
the form of glucose, fructose, sucrose, maltose, lactose, starch, among others, are the main
source of energy for the body. It is recommended the consumption of 6-11 servings per day.
Examples of foods in this group: a portion of cereals, bread, rice, and masses you or cooked
macaroni.
Group 2: vegetables and vegetables rich in vitamins, minerals and fiber. They have nutrients
essential for many body functions such as, for example, the metabolic reactions. The
consumption of dark as broccoli, carrot, pumpkin, or beetroot leaf vegetables is preferable. Eat
3 to 5 servings a day.
Group 3: fruits are good sources of vitamins, minerals and fiber, especially when consumed in
a natural way. They also possess basic nutrients for many functions of the body. Eat 2 to 4
servings a day.
Group 4: meats, eggs and legumes like beans, lentils, peas, chickpeas and soy and walnuts
and chestnuts make up this group. They are necessary for the construction and maintenance
of the tissues of the body, the formation of enzymes, hormones and various body fluids and
secretions, as well as preservation of the immune system. It includes foods rich in protein,
vitamin B12 and minerals such as zinc and iron. Consume 2-3 servings per day
Group 5: milk and dairy products: are the largest providers of calcium, a mineral that is
involved in the formation of bones and teeth, muscle contraction, and the action of the nervous
system. Protein sources are also good. Consume 2-3 servings per day.
Group 6: lipids (fats and oils) are a more concentrated source of energy than carbohydrates and proteins.
In addition, once converted into fatty tissue, they are a form of energy storage. Lipids as vehicles for lipid-
soluble vitamins can be found in cream, butter, butter, oils, etc. It is at the top of the pyramid and you
should eat in moderation.
151

Eating habits
Eating habits:They can be defined as acquired lifelong habits that influence
our food.A varied, balanced diet and sufficient, accompanied by the practice
of physical exercise is the perfect formula to be healthy. A varied diet should
include foods from all groups and in sufficient quantities to meet our energy
and nutritional needs.
It is very important to have adequate food to keep us healthy and strong. Not
only are interested in the amount or portion of the food we eat, but also its
quality, since both affect the proper maintenance of our health.To be able to
choose the healthier menu, we need to know what nutrients each food
provides us with.
152

Consume plenty of water is also part of a habit healthy eating, as well as
incorporate many fresh fruits and vegetables, combining multiple colors.
Parents are encouraged to form this habit from small, accompanying them,
showing that the adults that share the table already have incorporated. It is
useless for example, to tell the child to take his soup, if the greatest do no
We also said that the form is important. Get used to eating in family, chewing
food well, distributing them in several little abundant meals, breakfast more,
little lunch and dinner even more frugally, will enrich our good habits in this
area.
153

Exercising and sports
In the life daily is one of the vital functions which we need to live feed, the way in
which incorporates all the nutrients and substances that our body uses to satisfy the
energy needs required by our body, so it is advisable to carry out a balanced diet
containing a wide variety of these nutrients avoiding excesses that can generate health
disorder. But to be able to carry out a healthy lifestyle not only we must count on it, but
that in addition it is recommended having a moderate, physical activity what today is
quite difficult to carry out for all that on the contrary it is supplanted by a sedentary
lifestyle caused by office work, which spend a lot of hours in front of a computer.
The conduct of regular physical activities visibly improved health, with benefits ranging
from the best functioning of the Cardiovascular System as well as the prevention of
diseases relating to its counterpart, the obesity and eating disorders, proving that while
physical exercise increases the appetite, it is beneficial for the metabolism and
digestion to be able to burn the reservations that the body builds up.
154

Benefits of physical activity:
PHYSIOLOGICAL BENEFITS:
Physical activity reduces the risk of: cardiovascular
diseases, high blood pressure, colon cancer and
diabetes.
Helps control overweight, obesity and body fat
percentage.
Strengthens bones, increasing bone density.
Strengthens muscles and improves the ability to
exert yourself without fatigue (physical fitness).
PSYCHOLOGICAL BENEFITS:
Physical activity improves mood and reduces the risk
of stress, anxiety, and depression; Increases self-
esteem and provides psychological well-being.
155

SOCIALS BENEFITS:
It promotes sociability.
Increase the autonomy and social integration, these benefits are especially important
in the case of physical or mental disability.
ADDITIONAL BENEFITS IN CHILDRENANDADOLESCENTS:
The contribution to the integral development of the person.
Control of overweight and obesity. At this stage, the control of obesity is very
important to prevent adult obesity.
Greater mineralization of bones and reduce the risk of osteoporosis later in life.
Best maturation of the motor nervous system and motor skills increase.
Better school performance and sociability.
Recommendations on exercise (2013OMS) Physical activity consists of games, sports,
travel, recreation, physical education or scheduled exercises, in the context of the
family, the school.
Children and youth should accumulate at least 60 minutes a day of moderate or
vigorous physical activity.
Physical activity for a time exceeding 60 minutes daily will bring even greater health
benefits.
Daily physical activity should be, for the most part, aerobic. It should incorporate, at
least three times a week, vigorous activities to strengthen, in particular, muscles and
bones.
156

Imperatives
The imperative is used to:Give orders or instructions or Give advice
Examples:
Drink lots of water.
Don’t eat too much after seven
The imperative is formed simply with: the infinitive of the verb without
to
157

•There is only the conjugation of the second person of the singular and the
plural.It should be noted that the imperative sentences lack of subject.
With the auxiliary verb Let (permitir, dejar) can be an equivalent to the
imperative for the first person and the third person
For the original challenge, denial is built putting do not before the verb
conjugated in the imperative.
158

Review of Simple present tense in all forms
The 'present simple' is used for: Routines, permanent situations, natural or
physical laws.
The construction of the Simple Present in English is really easy, it has the
structure:
159

To take into account: If the subject is 3rd person singular is added a "-s" to
the verb.<Consider as an example the conjugation of the verb "to live" in
simple present
The denial with the verbs full (this is non-modal and not auxiliary) is also
easy:
160

In English the do + not shrinks to don´t , and does + not shrink to
"doesn't".
In the interrogative prayers also to do. one makes use of the
auxiliary verb preferring it to the subject. The structure of the
closed questions or of yes/no (that is to say those that do not have
interrogative particle) it is:
161

A special case is the verb to be that being very irregular must memorize
conjugation and personal pronouns and the verb "to be" contract forms as
shown below:
verb to be is the denial and the interrogation without the verb auxiliary to do
162

Before and after
The prepositions of time are used to indicate when something happened.
As we saw in the previous lessons, the three prepositions more common (
"in", "at", "on" ), can be used as prepositions of place or prepositions of
time. Below are other prepositions common time (before and after)
BEFORE: Meaning: Antes, antes de. Usage: It is placed behind verbs and
nouns, or names.
AFTER: Meaning: despues, despues de, tras. Usage: It is placed behind verbs
and nouns, or names.
I show some examples using the Before and
After with the imperatives
163

Quantifiers: too much and too many
Previous topics we have seen the quantifiers in English and that these help us to indicate the
quantity of objects, names or things, so we will always use them to express the idea of quantity
or number
difference between "too much" and "too many"
Too much: [tumach] is used for countless nouns. For example; water, money (not bills or coins,
but the mass of money), air, certain foods such as milk, etc.
Example:
He has too much money. [Hihastumach mani] Él tiene demasiado dinero. Incorrect to say: too
many because "money" is countless.
Too many: [tumeni]It is used for substantive accounting. For example: pencils, coins, tables,
chairs, etc.
Example:
There are too many chairs in this room. [der artumneichersInthisrum].Hay demasiadas sillas en
esta habitación.
Too much/many they mean the same thing: demasiado. What changes is their use, one is for
accounting objects and another for countless
164

Vocabulary
vocabulary of health habits, exercise and food.
grains vegetables fruits meats
Fats and oils Dairy products joggins yoga
karate aerobics Weight soccer
tennis swimming basketball baseball
vocabulary of
commands
Brush your teeth Brush your hair Don´t stay up too late
Don´t watch too much
TV
Drink juice Eat some vegetables
Exercise every day Sleep eight hours Take a shower
165

Useful Expressions
Useful expressions that are very common with the problems seen
above:
What sports do you practice? I play tennis When do you do
your homework?
I do my homework before
playing
I do my homework after
lunch
Practice the phrases that you were taught
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