Terraform is an infrastructure as code tool that allows infrastructure to be provisioned and managed declaratively through code. It aims to streamline operations by automating infrastructure provisioning and management, reducing manual efforts and errors. The document discusses how Terraform works, including defining infrastructure through configuration files, connecting to providers to provision resources, and best practices for using Terraform like version control and remote state management. A demo is also provided to illustrate provisioning an EC2 instance with Terraform.

1. Infrastructure as Code
Streamlining
Operations
A Practical Guide to
Automating Infrastructure
with Terraform
Samuel Ekele
DevOps/Infrastructure Engineer
X realsammy3

2. Table of contents
Benefit of Streamlining
Infrastructure
01
Overview of IaC
Infrastructure as
Code
02
The Need for Streamlining
Infrastructure
Local and remote state
Providers
Terraform State
Management
04
Terraform Modules
Provisioning
Infrastructure
with Terraform
05
03
Introduction to
Terraform
Terraform Installation,
06
Brief Demo
Q&A 07

3. 01
The Need for Streamlining Operations:
Traditional methods of infrastructure management are often plagued by inefficiencies: time-consuming
processes, manual errors, and high operational costs. Streamlining operations offers a compelling
solution, delivering benefits like:
● Increased cost efficiency: Automate provisioning and management, reducing manual efforts and
associated costs.
● Enhanced agility: Respond quickly to changing demands and scale infrastructure effortlessly.
● Reduced manual errors: Eliminate human error through automated provisioning and configuration
IaC
—Somuel Ekele
DevOps/Infrastructure Engineer

4. Terraform
02
Infrastructure as code (IaC) is a revolutionary
approach to managing and provisioning
infrastructure. Instead of manually configuring
servers, networks, and other resources, IaC uses
code to define and automate everything.
What is Infrastructure as
Code
Benefits include:
Increased efficiency
Improved consistency
Enhanced agility
Greater visibility
Better collaboration
Popular IaC tools:
Terraform,AWS,CloudFormation,A
zure Resource Manager,Google
Cloud Deployment
Manager,Ansible,Chef, and
Puppet

5. IaC Configuration Workflow

6. Introduction to
Terraform
03
Developed by HashiCorp, Terraform is a leading IaC tool
designed to automate infrastructure provisioning and
management. With its declarative configuration language,
Terraform lets you define and manage your infrastructure
as code, ensuring consistency and reproducibility
Terraform
TaC

7. Terraform state is a crucial component in
managing infrastructure with Terraform. It acts as
a central repository that stores information about
the infrastructure created or managed by
Terraform, including:
Resource address, metadata, attributes and
dependencies.
Terraform State
Management
Terraform
04
By default, Terraform stores the state file locally in the
current working directory. However, it's recommended to
store it remotely in a centralized location like a remote
storage service (e.g., S3 bucket) or a dedicated state
management tool.

8. Remote backends offer a secure and
collaborative way to store and manage
state. Providers includes: AWS S3, Azure
Blob Storage, and Google Cloud Storage.
Workspaces allow you to create separate
state files for managing different
environments (e.g., development,
staging, production) without affecting
each other
State locking ensures only one
person can modify the state at a
time, preventing conflicts and
inconsistencies
Workspaces
State Locking
Remote State Backends
Versioning allows you to track
changes to the state file and
revert to previous versions if
needed.
State Versioning
Terraform State

9. Terraform Provider
Terraform providers are the essential building blocks that connect your Terraform code with various
infrastructure platforms and services. These providers act as interpreters, translating your code
instructions into commands that the specific platform understands.
Types of Terraform Providers:
Official Providers : Developed and maintained by HashiCorp, these include popular providers for major
cloud platforms like AWS, Azure, GCP, and Alibaba Cloud.
Partner Providers: Created and maintained by third party
Community Providers: Developed and contributed by the Terraform community, they cater to niche
platforms or specific functionalities.

11. Provisioning
Infrastructure with
Terraform
Terraform offers a powerful and flexible
approach to provisioning infrastructure
Terraform
IaC

12. Define and write terraform
configuration
Use Terraform code to define the
desired state of your infrastructure
This includes virtual machines,
storage, networks, load balancers,
etc.
Use Terraform providers to
connect to your target platforms
(e.g., AWS, Azure, GCP).
Declare resources
Map resources to infrastructure
platforms
Identify your desired
infrastructure resources
Terraform init Download and install required
provider plugins
Terraform plan Analyze your configuration and
generate a preview of the changes to be made
Terraform apply Execute your configuration and
provision resources on the target infrastructure
platform.
Create Resources
Define the configuration of each
resource, including size, type,
name, and other properties.
Specify resource attributes
Break down your configuration into
reusable modules for better
organization and maintenance.
Leverage modules

13. # main.tf
provider "aws" {
region = "us-east-1"
}
resource "aws_instance" "example" {
ami = "ami-xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx"
instance_type = "t2.micro"
tags = {
Name = "my-ec2-instance"
}
}
Provisioning an ec2 instance with terraform

14. Version control
● Store your Terraform configuration files in a version control system like Git. This allows you to
track
Variables:
● Utilize variables for configuration values that vary across environments or scenarios. This
keeps your code flexible and avoids hard-coding sensitive information.
Workspace:
● Define separate workspaces for different environments (e.g., development, staging,
production). This prevents accidental changes and allows for isolated testing and deployments.
Remote state:
● Store your Terraform state file in a remote location like S3, Azure Blob Storage, or a dedicated
state management tool. This ensures security, accessibility, and collaboration
Terraform Best Practices

15. Demo

16. Terraform
IaC
Q & A