This document discusses general principles of industrial ventilation. It defines industrial ventilation as controlling emissions and exposures through air flow replacement. The objectives are to introduce basic terms, discuss heat control and design ventilation systems. Industrial ventilation aims to maintain oxygen supply, control toxins, remove odors, and control temperature and humidity. Systems are applied to optimize costs, reduce health risks, and control contaminants, heat and humidity. Solutions include process modifications, exhaust ventilation, substitution, isolation, administrative controls, and personal protection. Design considers the manufacturing process, climate, emissions and regulations. Types of systems include supply, general exhaust and local exhaust, which remove contaminants at their source. Pressure differences drive air movement in ventilation systems.
This document discusses industrial ventilation as a primary method of controlling the work environment. It defines ventilation as supplying or removing air using natural or mechanical means. The purposes of industrial ventilation include diluting airborne contaminants, preventing hazardous dispersal, preventing fires/explosions, and creating a comfortable work environment. The types of ventilation discussed are general dilution ventilation, local exhaust ventilation, and heating, ventilation, and air conditioning systems. Local exhaust ventilation is usually the preferred method as it captures contaminants at their source.
This document provides an overview of duct sizing and design principles for HVAC systems. It discusses key topics such as duct components, materials, classifications, sizing methods, pressure losses, fan sizing, supply and return duct systems, fittings, construction practices, insulation, noise control, testing and balancing, and cleaning. The document emphasizes that properly designed ductwork is essential for an HVAC system to function effectively and provide optimal comfort, efficiency and indoor air quality.
60 to 80% of the power of the prime mover is converted into an unusable form of energy (HEAT),and
also to a lesser extent, into friction, misuse and noise, only 10% is really in use. This presentation enriches with different types of compressors and its benefits which enables to take wise decision in selection of compressors.
This document discusses duct design for HVAC systems. It defines different types of ducts including supply, return, fresh air, and exhaust ducts. It also covers duct classification based on velocity and pressure, duct shapes, sizing methods like equal friction and static regain, and standard duct sizes for different air flows. Design considerations include aspect ratio, static versus dynamic pressure, and pressure losses from friction and changes in air flow.
This document discusses the fundamentals of automatic control as applied to HVAC systems. It describes the basic components of a control loop, including the controlled variable, sensor, controller, controlled device, and controlled agent. The two main types of control loops - open loop and closed loop - are explained. Finally, different types of control action are covered, including two-position, floating, proportional, proportional-integral, and proportional-integral-derivative control.
Why compressed air is so expensive and what to do about itDesign World
This document discusses why compressed air is so expensive and what can be done to improve efficiency. It notes that typical compressed air systems have poor production efficiency due to factors like leaks, pressure losses, and inefficient equipment. Several "secrets" to improving efficiency are outlined, including producing compressed air more efficiently, using less air, and capturing waste heat. Specific strategies proposed include reducing system pressure and associated losses, improving compressor controls, reducing transmission losses through piping upgrades, and decreasing demand through leak repairs and eliminating inappropriate uses. The presentation encourages addressing both the supply and demand sides to lower the high costs of compressed air.
This document discusses general principles of industrial ventilation. It defines industrial ventilation as controlling emissions and exposures through air flow replacement. The objectives are to introduce basic terms, discuss heat control and design ventilation systems. Industrial ventilation aims to maintain oxygen supply, control toxins, remove odors, and control temperature and humidity. Systems are applied to optimize costs, reduce health risks, and control contaminants, heat and humidity. Solutions include process modifications, exhaust ventilation, substitution, isolation, administrative controls, and personal protection. Design considers the manufacturing process, climate, emissions and regulations. Types of systems include supply, general exhaust and local exhaust, which remove contaminants at their source. Pressure differences drive air movement in ventilation systems.
This document discusses industrial ventilation as a primary method of controlling the work environment. It defines ventilation as supplying or removing air using natural or mechanical means. The purposes of industrial ventilation include diluting airborne contaminants, preventing hazardous dispersal, preventing fires/explosions, and creating a comfortable work environment. The types of ventilation discussed are general dilution ventilation, local exhaust ventilation, and heating, ventilation, and air conditioning systems. Local exhaust ventilation is usually the preferred method as it captures contaminants at their source.
This document provides an overview of duct sizing and design principles for HVAC systems. It discusses key topics such as duct components, materials, classifications, sizing methods, pressure losses, fan sizing, supply and return duct systems, fittings, construction practices, insulation, noise control, testing and balancing, and cleaning. The document emphasizes that properly designed ductwork is essential for an HVAC system to function effectively and provide optimal comfort, efficiency and indoor air quality.
60 to 80% of the power of the prime mover is converted into an unusable form of energy (HEAT),and
also to a lesser extent, into friction, misuse and noise, only 10% is really in use. This presentation enriches with different types of compressors and its benefits which enables to take wise decision in selection of compressors.
This document discusses duct design for HVAC systems. It defines different types of ducts including supply, return, fresh air, and exhaust ducts. It also covers duct classification based on velocity and pressure, duct shapes, sizing methods like equal friction and static regain, and standard duct sizes for different air flows. Design considerations include aspect ratio, static versus dynamic pressure, and pressure losses from friction and changes in air flow.
This document discusses the fundamentals of automatic control as applied to HVAC systems. It describes the basic components of a control loop, including the controlled variable, sensor, controller, controlled device, and controlled agent. The two main types of control loops - open loop and closed loop - are explained. Finally, different types of control action are covered, including two-position, floating, proportional, proportional-integral, and proportional-integral-derivative control.
Why compressed air is so expensive and what to do about itDesign World
This document discusses why compressed air is so expensive and what can be done to improve efficiency. It notes that typical compressed air systems have poor production efficiency due to factors like leaks, pressure losses, and inefficient equipment. Several "secrets" to improving efficiency are outlined, including producing compressed air more efficiently, using less air, and capturing waste heat. Specific strategies proposed include reducing system pressure and associated losses, improving compressor controls, reducing transmission losses through piping upgrades, and decreasing demand through leak repairs and eliminating inappropriate uses. The presentation encourages addressing both the supply and demand sides to lower the high costs of compressed air.
This document discusses air conditioning ducts. It describes the functions of ducts as transmitting air from air handling units to conditioned spaces and properly distributing air. Ducts are classified by velocity, pressure, and air type. General design rules include conveying air directly to save space and power, avoiding sudden changes in direction, and keeping the aspect ratio close to 1. Factors affecting duct design include heat gain/loss and friction. Common duct materials are GI sheet, aluminum, stainless steel, and fiberglass. Dynamic losses occur due to changes in air direction or velocity. The two main duct design methods are the velocity reduction method and equal pressure drop method.
The document is a project report on an air washer. It discusses the importance of air conditioning and controlling factors like temperature, humidity, air motion, distribution, dust, and bacteria. The report will analyze the principles and applications of an air washer, including its components, fabrication, experimentation, advantages, and future scopes. It seeks to determine the thermal and flow characteristics of a new design air washer.
Cem 350 hvac distribution systems sizing 10 2016miresmaeil
This document discusses HVAC distribution systems including diffuser selection and layout, ductwork sizing, and the equal friction method. It provides details on:
1) Selecting diffusers based on air flow, throw, noise criteria, and appearance and laying them out in a regular pattern to avoid gaps or obstructions.
2) Sizing return registers to match supply air flow and avoid short circuiting.
3) Calculating duct sizing using the equal friction method which balances friction losses and assumes uniform static pressure loss through branches.
This document provides an overview of HVAC systems, including their goals of providing thermal comfort and indoor air quality. It describes the main components and functions of heating, ventilation, and different air conditioning systems. Specifically, it outlines direct expansion (DX) systems, chiller systems, and cooling tower systems for air conditioning. It also discusses air handling units and provides a table comparing the key differences between DX, chiller, and cooling tower systems.
1. The document discusses psychrometrics and the thermodynamic properties of moist air. It explains key concepts like dry bulb temperature, wet bulb temperature, humidity ratio, relative humidity, dew point temperature, and the use of a psychrometer and psychrometric chart to analyze air conditioning processes.
2. Various air conditioning processes are summarized that involve changes in temperature and moisture content of air, including sensible cooling/heating, cooling and dehumidification, heating and humidification, cooling and humidification, and heating and dehumidification.
3. Other topics covered include mixing of air streams, the use of air washers to condition air, and how the mean temperature of water droplets determines the direction of
This document provides an overview of HVAC (heating, ventilation, and air conditioning) systems. It defines HVAC as the control of air temperature, moisture content, and proper air movement to maintain acceptable air quality. It then describes common HVAC applications in buildings and industries. The document outlines the basic components and operating cycle of air conditioning systems. It also discusses factors to consider when selecting and designing HVAC systems, such as cooling load calculations, equipment types, ducting, and air distribution. Finally, it covers recent trends toward more energy efficient HVAC equipment and controls.
This document discusses control dampers and their integration into building management systems for energy conservation. It covers damper basics, leakage, design for energy efficiency, and fire/smoke damper actuators. Control dampers regulate air flow through ducts and openings. Properly specifying low leakage dampers and modulating actuators can improve energy efficiency. International building codes require low leakage dampers and economizers.
Duct systems are designed to properly distribute air throughout a building. The document discusses different types of ducts and materials used, such as galvanized iron and pre-insulated sheet metal. It also covers duct sizing methods like the constant velocity method and constant pressure loss method. Filters are described as being important to air quality, with different filter types and MERV ratings discussed. The roles of dampers and fans in HVAC systems are explained.
This document discusses ventilation and HVAC systems. It defines ventilation and explains why it is important for human respiration, diluting odors, removing combustion products, and providing a comfortable thermal environment. It describes natural and artificial ventilation systems. For artificial systems, it covers exhaust, plenum, exhaust-plenum, evaporative cooling, air conditioning, and different types of HVAC equipment. It emphasizes the functional requirements of an effective ventilation system.
The document discusses the components and design of air distribution systems in HVAC. It describes the different types of ducts based on shape, pressure, velocity, and materials used. Rectangular, round, and oval ducts are common shapes. Ducts can be high, medium, or low pressure and high or low velocity. Common duct materials include galvanized steel, aluminum, pre-insulated, and fabric. Duct joints include slip joints, drive slips, and flange joints. The document also discusses outlet types like grilles and diffusers, as well as air filters used to remove particles from the air flow. Proper sizing and design of ducts, outlets, and filters are important for effective
This document provides an overview of compressed air systems. It discusses how compressed air is produced by compressing atmospheric air into a smaller volume at a higher pressure. It notes that approximately 90% of the energy used to produce compressed air is lost, making compressed air systems inherently inefficient. It also outlines the major components of compressed air systems, including compressors, filters, dryers, storage, and distribution piping on the supply side, and end uses on the demand side. Maintaining an optimized compressed air system requires addressing both the supply and demand sides.
The document discusses duct design and duct insulation standards. It covers factors that influence duct design like equipment losses, air velocity, duct material and size. It also discusses calculating air system pressure losses and selecting duct material. Round ducts versus rectangular ducts of equal friction rate are compared. Methods for determining friction rates and velocity scales in ductwork are presented. Standards for duct insulation and the installation of underground ducts from SMACNA are reviewed.
Heating Ventilation & Air Conditioning (HVAC)Joshua Joel
The document provides an overview of HVAC (heating, ventilation, and air conditioning) systems. It discusses key components such as furnaces, heat exchangers, evaporator coils, condensing units, ducts, vents, and thermostats. It explains how HVAC systems work to moderate interior temperatures through heating in winter and cooling in summer. Performance metrics for HVAC systems like efficiency, EER, and SEER are also defined.
Fan selection for cement and lime industry applications requires consideration of several key factors:
1) Point of operation parameters like density, temperature, and pressure affect system resistance and required fan size.
2) Density is especially important because fans operate at constant volume, but processes require constant mass flow, so incorrect density assumptions could result in undersized fans.
3) System effects from duct configurations and component spacing must be accounted for, as they increase actual system resistance beyond standard estimates.
There are several types of supply duct systems that can be used for residential structures. The main types include radial, extended plenum, reducing plenum, reducing trunk, and perimeter loop systems. The optimal system depends on factors like the structure layout and winter design temperature. Ducts can be placed in attics, basements, between floors, crawl spaces, or within conditioned spaces. Proper installation methods are needed to prevent issues like condensation, leakage, and pressure losses. Short duct runs and conditioned space installations are generally preferable.
Trg trc007-en fundamentals of hvac acousticsVoVi Phap Danh
The document discusses fundamentals of sound, including defining sound and noise, describing how sound waves propagate through air, and distinguishing between sound power which is unaffected by the environment and sound pressure which can be influenced by surroundings. It also covers topics like octave bands which divide frequencies into standardized ranges to simplify sound measurement and analysis.
The document provides an overview of heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems. It defines HVAC and its purpose to condition air and maintain temperature, humidity, and air quality. It then describes the basic refrigeration cycle and various HVAC system types, including window units, split systems, packaged units, and central air conditioning. Key HVAC components like compressors, condensers, evaporators, and ductwork are also outlined. Finally, the document discusses HVAC goals, potentials, challenges, and maintenance.
Compressed air is a major utility in textile industries, consuming 4,000-5,000 MW nationwide. It is used for pneumatic systems like spinning machines, looms, and winding machines. The compressed air system includes compressors, air treatment equipment, storage, distribution piping, and end uses. Reciprocating and screw compressors are commonly used. Optimization involves assessing air needs, reducing leaks, improving distribution, and using more efficient compressor controls and types like centrifugal compressors.
The document discusses duct design and sealing. Some key points:
1) Poorly sealed ductwork is a common problem that wastes energy and can impact comfort and health. Locating ducts inside conditioned spaces eliminates leakage issues.
2) The IECC requires effective sealing materials like mastic and tape to minimize duct leakage. Limiting leakage saves energy and improves indoor air quality.
3) Forced air systems should have balanced airflow between supply and return ducts to prevent pressure imbalances that can increase leakage and backdrafting of combustion appliances. High priority leak areas to seal include disconnected components and connections to the air handler.
The document discusses GreenJet model GJX transfer fans for use in parking garage ventilation systems. It describes how ductless systems using transfer fans can more efficiently ventilate garages by diluting and removing contaminants like carbon monoxide. The GJX fans are designed to push fresh supply air through the parking area towards exhaust fans, improving exhaust effectiveness over ducted systems. Details are provided on fan construction, placement and integration into demand-based control systems to further reduce energy costs.
Wind Turbines and their Potential for Cost ReductionsJeffrey Funk
These slides show how that long-term reductions in the cost of electricity from wind turbines have primarily come more from increasing the scale (rotor diameter and tower height) of wind turbines. See my other slides for details on concepts, methodology, and other new industries..
This document discusses air conditioning ducts. It describes the functions of ducts as transmitting air from air handling units to conditioned spaces and properly distributing air. Ducts are classified by velocity, pressure, and air type. General design rules include conveying air directly to save space and power, avoiding sudden changes in direction, and keeping the aspect ratio close to 1. Factors affecting duct design include heat gain/loss and friction. Common duct materials are GI sheet, aluminum, stainless steel, and fiberglass. Dynamic losses occur due to changes in air direction or velocity. The two main duct design methods are the velocity reduction method and equal pressure drop method.
The document is a project report on an air washer. It discusses the importance of air conditioning and controlling factors like temperature, humidity, air motion, distribution, dust, and bacteria. The report will analyze the principles and applications of an air washer, including its components, fabrication, experimentation, advantages, and future scopes. It seeks to determine the thermal and flow characteristics of a new design air washer.
Cem 350 hvac distribution systems sizing 10 2016miresmaeil
This document discusses HVAC distribution systems including diffuser selection and layout, ductwork sizing, and the equal friction method. It provides details on:
1) Selecting diffusers based on air flow, throw, noise criteria, and appearance and laying them out in a regular pattern to avoid gaps or obstructions.
2) Sizing return registers to match supply air flow and avoid short circuiting.
3) Calculating duct sizing using the equal friction method which balances friction losses and assumes uniform static pressure loss through branches.
This document provides an overview of HVAC systems, including their goals of providing thermal comfort and indoor air quality. It describes the main components and functions of heating, ventilation, and different air conditioning systems. Specifically, it outlines direct expansion (DX) systems, chiller systems, and cooling tower systems for air conditioning. It also discusses air handling units and provides a table comparing the key differences between DX, chiller, and cooling tower systems.
1. The document discusses psychrometrics and the thermodynamic properties of moist air. It explains key concepts like dry bulb temperature, wet bulb temperature, humidity ratio, relative humidity, dew point temperature, and the use of a psychrometer and psychrometric chart to analyze air conditioning processes.
2. Various air conditioning processes are summarized that involve changes in temperature and moisture content of air, including sensible cooling/heating, cooling and dehumidification, heating and humidification, cooling and humidification, and heating and dehumidification.
3. Other topics covered include mixing of air streams, the use of air washers to condition air, and how the mean temperature of water droplets determines the direction of
This document provides an overview of HVAC (heating, ventilation, and air conditioning) systems. It defines HVAC as the control of air temperature, moisture content, and proper air movement to maintain acceptable air quality. It then describes common HVAC applications in buildings and industries. The document outlines the basic components and operating cycle of air conditioning systems. It also discusses factors to consider when selecting and designing HVAC systems, such as cooling load calculations, equipment types, ducting, and air distribution. Finally, it covers recent trends toward more energy efficient HVAC equipment and controls.
This document discusses control dampers and their integration into building management systems for energy conservation. It covers damper basics, leakage, design for energy efficiency, and fire/smoke damper actuators. Control dampers regulate air flow through ducts and openings. Properly specifying low leakage dampers and modulating actuators can improve energy efficiency. International building codes require low leakage dampers and economizers.
Duct systems are designed to properly distribute air throughout a building. The document discusses different types of ducts and materials used, such as galvanized iron and pre-insulated sheet metal. It also covers duct sizing methods like the constant velocity method and constant pressure loss method. Filters are described as being important to air quality, with different filter types and MERV ratings discussed. The roles of dampers and fans in HVAC systems are explained.
This document discusses ventilation and HVAC systems. It defines ventilation and explains why it is important for human respiration, diluting odors, removing combustion products, and providing a comfortable thermal environment. It describes natural and artificial ventilation systems. For artificial systems, it covers exhaust, plenum, exhaust-plenum, evaporative cooling, air conditioning, and different types of HVAC equipment. It emphasizes the functional requirements of an effective ventilation system.
The document discusses the components and design of air distribution systems in HVAC. It describes the different types of ducts based on shape, pressure, velocity, and materials used. Rectangular, round, and oval ducts are common shapes. Ducts can be high, medium, or low pressure and high or low velocity. Common duct materials include galvanized steel, aluminum, pre-insulated, and fabric. Duct joints include slip joints, drive slips, and flange joints. The document also discusses outlet types like grilles and diffusers, as well as air filters used to remove particles from the air flow. Proper sizing and design of ducts, outlets, and filters are important for effective
This document provides an overview of compressed air systems. It discusses how compressed air is produced by compressing atmospheric air into a smaller volume at a higher pressure. It notes that approximately 90% of the energy used to produce compressed air is lost, making compressed air systems inherently inefficient. It also outlines the major components of compressed air systems, including compressors, filters, dryers, storage, and distribution piping on the supply side, and end uses on the demand side. Maintaining an optimized compressed air system requires addressing both the supply and demand sides.
The document discusses duct design and duct insulation standards. It covers factors that influence duct design like equipment losses, air velocity, duct material and size. It also discusses calculating air system pressure losses and selecting duct material. Round ducts versus rectangular ducts of equal friction rate are compared. Methods for determining friction rates and velocity scales in ductwork are presented. Standards for duct insulation and the installation of underground ducts from SMACNA are reviewed.
Heating Ventilation & Air Conditioning (HVAC)Joshua Joel
The document provides an overview of HVAC (heating, ventilation, and air conditioning) systems. It discusses key components such as furnaces, heat exchangers, evaporator coils, condensing units, ducts, vents, and thermostats. It explains how HVAC systems work to moderate interior temperatures through heating in winter and cooling in summer. Performance metrics for HVAC systems like efficiency, EER, and SEER are also defined.
Fan selection for cement and lime industry applications requires consideration of several key factors:
1) Point of operation parameters like density, temperature, and pressure affect system resistance and required fan size.
2) Density is especially important because fans operate at constant volume, but processes require constant mass flow, so incorrect density assumptions could result in undersized fans.
3) System effects from duct configurations and component spacing must be accounted for, as they increase actual system resistance beyond standard estimates.
There are several types of supply duct systems that can be used for residential structures. The main types include radial, extended plenum, reducing plenum, reducing trunk, and perimeter loop systems. The optimal system depends on factors like the structure layout and winter design temperature. Ducts can be placed in attics, basements, between floors, crawl spaces, or within conditioned spaces. Proper installation methods are needed to prevent issues like condensation, leakage, and pressure losses. Short duct runs and conditioned space installations are generally preferable.
Trg trc007-en fundamentals of hvac acousticsVoVi Phap Danh
The document discusses fundamentals of sound, including defining sound and noise, describing how sound waves propagate through air, and distinguishing between sound power which is unaffected by the environment and sound pressure which can be influenced by surroundings. It also covers topics like octave bands which divide frequencies into standardized ranges to simplify sound measurement and analysis.
The document provides an overview of heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems. It defines HVAC and its purpose to condition air and maintain temperature, humidity, and air quality. It then describes the basic refrigeration cycle and various HVAC system types, including window units, split systems, packaged units, and central air conditioning. Key HVAC components like compressors, condensers, evaporators, and ductwork are also outlined. Finally, the document discusses HVAC goals, potentials, challenges, and maintenance.
Compressed air is a major utility in textile industries, consuming 4,000-5,000 MW nationwide. It is used for pneumatic systems like spinning machines, looms, and winding machines. The compressed air system includes compressors, air treatment equipment, storage, distribution piping, and end uses. Reciprocating and screw compressors are commonly used. Optimization involves assessing air needs, reducing leaks, improving distribution, and using more efficient compressor controls and types like centrifugal compressors.
The document discusses duct design and sealing. Some key points:
1) Poorly sealed ductwork is a common problem that wastes energy and can impact comfort and health. Locating ducts inside conditioned spaces eliminates leakage issues.
2) The IECC requires effective sealing materials like mastic and tape to minimize duct leakage. Limiting leakage saves energy and improves indoor air quality.
3) Forced air systems should have balanced airflow between supply and return ducts to prevent pressure imbalances that can increase leakage and backdrafting of combustion appliances. High priority leak areas to seal include disconnected components and connections to the air handler.
The document discusses GreenJet model GJX transfer fans for use in parking garage ventilation systems. It describes how ductless systems using transfer fans can more efficiently ventilate garages by diluting and removing contaminants like carbon monoxide. The GJX fans are designed to push fresh supply air through the parking area towards exhaust fans, improving exhaust effectiveness over ducted systems. Details are provided on fan construction, placement and integration into demand-based control systems to further reduce energy costs.
Wind Turbines and their Potential for Cost ReductionsJeffrey Funk
These slides show how that long-term reductions in the cost of electricity from wind turbines have primarily come more from increasing the scale (rotor diameter and tower height) of wind turbines. See my other slides for details on concepts, methodology, and other new industries..
Improving Gas Turbine – HRSG output using Inlet Air Chilling and Converted Ev...IRJET Journal
This document discusses modifications made to improve the output of a gas turbine-heat recovery steam generator (GT-HRSG) system. The modifications included installing an inlet air chilling system and converting the evaporator section of the HRSG.
The inlet air chilling system cooled the intake air for the gas turbine, allowing it to operate at higher loads while keeping exhaust temperatures low. This provided more flexibility before temperature controls kicked in. Measurements showed the chilled air increased gas turbine mass flow and output.
Supplementary firing in the HRSG was heating the superheater section excessively. To address this, the evaporator section was converted to move the superheater further downstream. This protected the superheater from
A quick introduction to textile ducting and how to work with textile ducts for air distribution in class rooms, industry, laboratories, offices etc. Textile ducts will provide you with a healthy indoor climate and energy savings. Read more on http://www.ke-fibertec.com/en/products/why-textile-ducts/
This document provides an overview of a Trane seminar on clean room fundamentals. It discusses key clean room terminology, contamination sources, standards and classes, and design considerations. The seminar covers topics such as clean room history, particle concentration limits defined by standards, example clean room psychrometrics and calculations for sizing HVAC systems for a Class 10,000 clean room. The objective is to discuss fundamental design concepts for clean rooms.
CPD Presentation: Key considerations when specifying weather louvresColt UK
The purpose of our presentation is to highlight areas of consideration for both Architects and Service Engineers to ensure that specifications adequately reflect design requirements and performance expectations.
Design and Analysis of an Air Conditioning Duct Using Equal Friction MethodIRJET Journal
This document describes the design and analysis of an air conditioning duct system using the equal friction method. It begins with an introduction to central air conditioning systems and the importance of properly designing ductwork to minimize pressure losses and costs while providing optimal indoor air quality and comfort. The document then outlines the specific steps involved in the equal friction duct design method, which involves setting the duct dimensions so that the pressure drop per unit length is equal across all ducts. The rest of the document provides an example application of this method to size ducts for a central air conditioning system serving an area of 72.2 square meters. Tables and calculations are presented to determine the equivalent diameter, dimensions, air flow rates, velocities and pressure losses for each duct section
Camfil Whitepaper Jan11 Using Lifecycle Cost Softwarebillwilkinson
This document discusses a white paper from Camfil Farr that introduces their LCC 2010 life cycle costing software. The software allows HVAC engineers and facilities managers to optimize air filter selection for air handling units to minimize total life cycle costs, including energy costs. It provides more accurate predictions than theoretical calculations by using real-world performance data from thousands of filter installations. The software calculates cost savings from selecting the most efficient filters and identifies the filters that deliver the lowest lifetime costs while maintaining indoor air quality.
This section discusses secondary ventilation systems used in underground mines. It describes four main types: forcing ventilation, exhausting ventilation, mixed systems, and overlap systems. Forcing ventilation pushes fresh air to the work face while exhausting ventilation extracts contaminated air, drawing in fresh air. The overlap system uses both forcing and exhausting fans placed close to the work face to maximize ventilation effectiveness. The section also outlines factors to consider such as minimum airflow rates to ensure worker safety, dilute exhaust gases, and dilute blasting gases. Prescribed minimum airflow rates vary between regions and are based on work area dimensions, number of workers, engine power, and type of explosives used.
This document contains specifications for several fans and blowers produced by Sunonwealth Electric Machine Industry Co., Ltd. It includes dimensions, voltage, speed, airflow, static pressure, noise level, and weight for each model. It also describes Sunon's capabilities in thermal analysis, fluid dynamics simulation, and customization of cooling solutions to optimize thermal performance and reduce temperatures for clients' products.
The document discusses the selection and performance of grilles, diffusers, and variable air volume (VAV) boxes. It provides information on measuring throw distance, factors that affect throw such as ceiling type and obstructions, and how to avoid issues like colliding air streams. The document also discusses open ceiling designs, surface effects, and the Air Diffusion Performance Index (ADPI) which is a measure of thermal comfort in a space.
The document discusses UTC Aerospace Systems' thrust reverser technology demonstrator project for the FAA's CLEEN II program. It aims to advance an integrated propulsion system with a novel short fan duct thrust reverser design. This thrust reverser is intended to reduce fuel burn by around 1% and noise levels by over 2.5 EPNdB compared to legacy designs. The project will mature the technology to TRL6 through engine ground testing by 2020.
The document discusses explosion venting requirements for low and high-strength enclosures according to various codes and standards including the Ontario Fire Code, NFPA 68, and the Ministry of Labour. It provides information on definitions of key terms like reduced pressure, static activation pressure, and deflagration index. Examples are given for calculating vent size using different methods in the codes. Factors that affect vent sizing like dust type, enclosure volume, and number of vents are also addressed.
This document provides an overview of Module 5 of a Process Engineering Training Program on fan measurement and testing. The module covers topics such as fan pressure, fan curves, fan laws, controlling fan output, unsatisfactory fan performance, series fans, parallel fans, blade types, fan noise, and other gas pumping equipment. It includes definitions of key fan terms, equations, diagrams of fan setups and performance, and factors that affect fan operation. The module aims to teach trainees how to measure, analyze, and optimize the performance of industrial fans used in chemical processes.
An Investigation in Performance Enhancement of Induced Draft Counter Flow Wet...IRJET Journal
This document discusses an investigation into enhancing the performance of an induced draft counterflow wet cooling tower. It begins with an overview of cooling towers and their operation. The authors then describe their methodology, which includes designing a cooling tower using calculations and Creo software, modeling air and water flow using CFX analysis in ANSYS, and performing a Taguchi analysis in Minitab to determine which design parameters minimize outlet water temperature. The exercise was conducted at a plastics manufacturing facility to provide cool water for their processes.
SMC -Refrigerated Air Dryers Standard/High Temperature Air Inlet Type Standar...PHỤ TÙNG CÔNG NGHIỆP
1. The document provides specifications for Kobelco refrigerated air dryers, including the IDF and IDU series.
2. It lists the available models in each series, their applicable air flow capacities, refrigerants used, and inlet port sizes.
3. Correction factors are provided to adjust the rated air flow capacity based on the user's operating conditions of inlet air temperature, ambient temperature, outlet pressure dew point, and inlet air pressure.
Ventilation is necessary when confined space atmospheres contain hazardous gases, vapors, or oxygen deficiencies. Natural ventilation alone is usually insufficient and mechanical ventilation is often required, especially for hot work. Proper ventilation design considers the space configuration, hazards present, and work being performed to determine the appropriate ventilation method, such as general ventilation using fans or local exhaust. Factors like obstructions, multiple users, and long air hoses can reduce ventilation performance, so supplemental air sources may be needed.
This document provides an overview of dust collection and maintenance from Kice Industries. It discusses what dust is, why it is a problem, and where it occurs in facilities. It then covers dry-type collectors like cyclones and baghouse filters, explaining factors that affect their efficiency. The document emphasizes proper installation and maintenance, describing different baghouse configurations and cleaning systems. Formulas are presented for measuring air velocity, volume, and calculating ratios like air to cloth for baghouse design. Overall it aims to educate on best practices for dust control system design and operation.
This document discusses thermal dissipation and heatsink design. It defines key terms like junction temperature, thermal resistance, and power dissipation. It explains how to calculate maximum power dissipation and temperature rise using these parameters. The document also discusses heatsink design considerations, how to select a heatsink based on required thermal resistance, and factors that impact heatsink performance like fin density and airflow.
The energy required to heat and cool outdoor air and infiltration air is a significant fraction of thermal loads. This project has developed diagnostic procedures to identify air leaks and methods to calculate the savings from air sealing large commercial and institutional buildings. Envelope air sealing could significantly reduce large building energy consumption, but no systematic research has identified the most cost-effective strategies for Minnesota buildings.
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