Industrial engineering aims to increase productivity through efficient use of resources like people, machines, materials, and equipment. It seeks to produce more output with the same level of inputs or the same output with fewer inputs. Productivity can be increased through long-term, medium-term, and short-term measures like new technologies, better machine design, work study, waste reduction, and efficient management. Productivity is influenced by factors such as technology, management, finances, natural conditions, policies, human behavior, and productivity movements.

1. SIGMA POLYTECHNIC
Saini Tarandeep Singh (126420319613)
Department : Mechanical Engineering (19)
Sem : 5th Sem
Year : 2015-2016
Subject : Industrial Engineering
(3351904)

2. Industrial
engineering

3. Industrial Engineering is defined by American Institute
as having concerned with design, improvement and installation
of integrated system of men, machines and equipments.
The main resources are men, money, materials, equipments
and machineries. Its main aim is to increases the productivity.
Productivity improvement implies
i. A more efficient use of resources,
ii. Less wastage per unit of input supplied,
iii. Higher levels of output for fixed levels of input supplied and
so on.
It is a mission would be try to produce more serve better
without increasing the resources being consumed.
WHAT IS INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING ?

4. Industrial engineering has very wide scope and applicable to almost every
fields where large scale human activities are required to carry out. Industrial
engineering always aims at increasing productivity, increasing quality, increasing
efficiency, minimizing the wastages of human and material resources.
In the beginning industrial engineering was limited to time study, but
gradually it is expanded to every fields of manufacturing and service industries. It
finds solutions for all integrated systems of man, machine, materials and
equipments. Hence techniques of industrial engineering are applicable not only in
manufacturing industries but they can be used in service sectors like hospitals,
hotels, colleges and institutions and even our homes and schools.
Role of Industrial Engineering
NEED, SCOPE & IMPORTANCE OF INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING :
Industrial
Engineering
Effective use of men,
Machines, materials, land
& building technology etc.
Increase in
productivity

5. Production in an industrial activity, is with the help of
industrial activities, industries are converting raw
material into useful products. For this conversion
activities different processes are necessary. These
activities are completed by using Engineering
manager, technicians, workers, machines, tools,
equipments and technology. Therefore production is a
group effort of different types of activities. It is
satisfying our day to day needs, facilities, happiness
and comfort by producing useful articles. Economics
defines production as a method of producing utilities
to satisfying the needs of human society.
CONCEPT OF PRODUCTIVITY AND ITS IMPORTANCE IN INDUSTRIAL
ENGINEERING :

6. Production :
Production is defined as an activity transforming the raw material into
desired quality & required quantity of useful products.
Production System :
The method which produce the desired quality & required quantity of
useful product by using the inputs such as man, machine and material is called
production system.
Productivity :
Productivity may be defined as the ratio of output and input. Output
means the amount produced or the number of items produced and inputs are the
various resources employed such as land & building, equipment & machinery,
materials and labour tec. It is the characteristics of the production system. It is
given by the below mentioned expression :
PRODUCTIVITY, CONCEPT OF PRODUCTIVITY & METHOD OF
INCREASING PRODUCTIVITY :

7. Productivity =
𝑂𝑢𝑡𝑝𝑢𝑡
𝐼𝑛𝑝𝑢𝑡
=
𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑡 𝑜𝑟 𝑠𝑒𝑟𝑣𝑖𝑐𝑒𝑠 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑒𝑑
𝑉𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑖𝑛𝑝𝑢𝑡 𝑢𝑠𝑒𝑑 𝑖𝑛 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑡 𝑜𝑟 𝑠𝑒𝑟𝑣𝑖𝑐𝑒𝑠
INPUT PRODUCTION PROCESSES OUTPUT
Production System
Man, Machine,
Material,
Land & building
Various production
processes
Useful product
or services

8. INPUT
TRANSFORMATION
PROCESS
OUTPUT
Production of Goods & Services using resources
Resources
Land and Building Men Machines Materials
Production
Process
Goods and Services

9. As per the definition of productivity, it can be increased by
following three methods :
i. Through keeping input same & to achieve more output.
ii. Through keeping output same & to reduce the input.
iii. Through small increases & to achieve more increase in output.
To increase the output without increasing input, each & every
input must be used effectively. To maintain same output by reducing
input can be achieved through the reduction of input by its effective
use. By increasing small amount of input and more output can be
obtained by increasing little expenses behind use of good machines,
tools and fixtures. The methods for improving productivity can also
be shown as follows :
1. Long term measures
2. Medium term measures
3. Short term measures
METHODS OF INCREASING PRODUCTIVITY :

10. 1. Long term measures :
In these type of measures changes are made in production
processes by the efforts of developing new methods and technology for
increasing productivity. The aim is achieved by investing money for the long
term research and development. This effort increases productivity at long
run.
2. Medium term measures :
The productivity can be increased through medium term measures
like change in design and using more productive machines in the process.
Again selecting automatic machines and proper process can be employed
to increase the productivity through medium term measures.
3. Short term measures :
Here production time is reduce by method study and time study,
proper planning and control plus efficient management. The view point of
wastage reduction is used. These factors produces immediate effect,
therefore they are called short term measures. This method of reducing the
use of material and manpower increases productivity for short term.

11. The factors affecting productivity are as follows
:
1.Technological factors
2.Management factors
3.Financial factors
4.Natural factors
5.Government policy
6.Human factors
7.Productivity movement
FACTORS INFLUENCING PRODUCTIVITY :