In this modern era, the achievements of political systems are measured by their ability to solve in facing the nation's problems and challenges. This is different from the time of Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle, where the achievements of political systems were measured in terms of reliable measure. In international relations, three essences form a global relationship, namely actor interests, and power. These three essences will later establish an interaction in unity and run a system of international relations.

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SHOFIAN NANDA ADIPRAYOGA - INDONESIA’S INTERNAL &
EXTERNAL POLITICS AFFAIR
Introduction
In this modern era, the achievements of political systems are measured by
their ability to solve in facing the nation's problems and challenges. This is different
from the time of Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle, where the achievements of political
systems were measured in terms of reliable measure. In international relations, three
essences form a global relationship, namely actor interests, and power. These three
essences will later establish an interaction in unity and run a system of international
relations.
Indonesia applies a free and active political system in foreign policy.
According to Mochtar Kusumaatmaja, formulating freedom is that Indonesia does not
side with forces that are not following the national personality as reflected in
Pancasila. While active, namely in carrying out its foreign policy, Indonesia is not
passive about international events but is active. K.J. Holsti provides three criteria for
classifying the goals of a country's foreign policy, namely: First values that are the
goals of decision makers. Second The period needed to achieve a predetermined goal,
namely short-term, middle-term, and long-term goals.
Discussion
The Threat of IUU Fishing in the Indonesian Maritime Zone
Illegal, Unreported, and Unregulated (IUU) is a significant problem affecting
the marine ecosystem and those who depend on it to survive. Indonesia recently
implemented an aggressive policy to limit high level (IUU) fishing from foreign-
flagged vessels entering Indonesian companies illegally. Indonesia's policies have
reduced total fishing efforts by at least 25%, illustrating with empirical evidence the
possibility of achieving fisheries reform without short-term losses to the local
fisheries economy [1]. According to KKP data, 488 illegal vessels have been sunk
since 2014 until August 2018. The practice of illegal fishing, according to President
Joko Widodo, has reduced world fish stocks by 90.1%. Illegal fishing is also closely
related to goods smuggling, drug smuggling, destruction of nature, and so on. This
practice, said Jokowi, caused Indonesia's loss of US $ 20 billion per year.

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The method also threatens 65% of coral reefs. In responding to the crime of
IUU Fishing, the Ministry of Communication and Information has a view where the
need for stakeholder synergy, strengthen government diplomacy related to Illegal
Fishing issues and resolve border problems, minimize the limitations of defense
equipment and operational support at sea by various related agencies. In the
international world, Indonesia also continues to voice its voice regarding the steps
taken by the Indonesian government in combating the acts of IUU Fishing. The
Indonesian Ministry of Foreign Affairs stated this at the High-Level Consultation
(HLC) in the South East Asia Fisheries Development Center (SEAFDEC). The Chair
of the Indonesian Delegation conveyed the efforts made by Indonesia to eradicate
IUU Fishing through the establishment of an Illegal Fishing Eradication Task Force
(Task Force 115), the control of ex-foreign fishing vessels operating in Indonesia,
prohibition of transshipment, banning of Trawlers or Cantrang, sinking 176 fishing
vessels IUU players, and actively participate in regional and international forums to
eradicate IUU Fishing.
Problems and Challenges Faced by Indonesia at the International Level
Today there are so many challenges and problems that Indonesia faces in
international crime. The following are some of the issues faced by Indonesia in the
foreign region in various problems:
a. Defense issues, including concerning problems to protect their citizens and their
territory and political system from the threat of other countries;
b. Economic problems, namely the issue of the government to improve the country's
economy through economic relations with other countries;
c. An ideological problem, namely the interest to maintain or protect the country's
ideology from the ideological threats of other countries (Bakry, 1999)
d. The problem of recognizing sovereignty from other countries in the territory of
Indonesia is also a significant problem, how many foreign countries threaten the
independence of Indonesia.
Every problem can be solved in several ways, both with hard skills and soft
skills. The following is a solution to the international issues facing Indonesia:
a. Indonesia must develop weapons of mass destruction to create a deterrent effect
and be respected by other countries. The budget for defense must be increased to

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make useful human resources and defense equipment that Indonesia has to
strengthen Indonesia's strength in the field of defense;
b. Economic problems can be overcome by managing the potential of natural
resources owned to improve the Indonesian economy. Collaborating with other
countries is also needed to strengthen Indonesia's economy;
c. Overcoming the problem of ideology can be done by instilling early on to all
Indonesian people about the importance of maintaining the doctrine of the
Pancasila. Eradicate groups or groups that plan to change the ideology of the
Pancasila from both inside and outside the country;
d. Recognition of the area of sovereignty is significant and can be carried out using
enforcing existing international law which clarifies the boundaries of Indonesian
land and sea. Indonesia must also take firm action against outsiders who threaten
Indonesia's sovereignty.
A solution in handling theft of natural resources
One way that can be done in dealing with the problem of theft of Indonesian
natural resources in the sea by foreigners, among others:
1. Development and strengthening of legal oversight capabilities at sea
Development and strengthening of supervisory capabilities can be done
through several things, namely:
a. The implementation of the MCS (Monitoring, Control, and Survey) system
where one of them is to use VMS (Vessel Monitoring Systems) as
recommended by FAO. Thus, the existence of foreign fishing vessels can be
immediately identified to take further action;
b. Empower and increase institutional capacity and oversight organizations that
are in the community (community-based monitoring). This community-based
supervision system has been implemented in developed countries;
c. Meeting the needs of supervision facilities and infrastructure in stages
following priorities and needs.
2. A formidable maritime defense
With the development of maritime defense, Indonesia is expected to have
maritime area surveillance and guarding fleet that can counter all vulnerable areas
or zones in the maritime area related to crime and threats including acts of IUU
Fishing. Sea power is a manifestation of the hard power strategy. A strong

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seapower can also be a deterrence effect for those who will commit a crime so
that this will be an effective way. Seapower can be realized by the procurement
of patrol vessels and other facilities and infrastructure that support the
implementation of security in the maritime area.
Also needed is the development and procurement of communication
technology and monitoring of the Indonesian maritime area. In improving the
right and sufficient human resources and technical mastery, it is necessary to
develop the Maritime Control Center (MCC), which is a communication and
information center in the Indonesian maritime domain. The territory of Indonesia
with an area of ZEE 2.7 million km2 will be challenging to do overall
supervision. So that Indonesia has time to have a maritime supervision center
with the construction of MCC.
3. Increase cooperation and coordination between government agencies
Increasing cooperation and coordination between government agencies that
have authority in the sea, namely the Ministry of Maritime Affairs and Fisheries,
the Ministry of Transportation, Indonesian Navy, and Water Police. The
implementation of supervision of fisheries resources is carried out in the
following stages:
a. Supervision in the pre-production stage is carried out by prioritizing
preventive measures through the application of SLO and Departure Vessel
Inspection Results (HPK) as a result of the inspection of ship documents;
b. Monitoring at the production stage is carried out by monitoring fishing
vessels and fishing vessels;
c. Monitoring in the post-production stage is carried out after fishing, by
inspecting fishing vessels and fishing vessels, as well as catches at the port.
4. The external strategy of regional/international cooperation
The importance of regional and international cooperation, especially those
related to neighboring countries. By increasing this role, there are two benefits as
well as those obtained. First, Indonesia can ask other countries to impose
sanctions for ships that illegally capture natural resources in the sea in Indonesian
waters.

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Conclusion
As a unitary archipelago, conceptually, Indonesian geopolitics is embodied in
one of the social doctrines called Nusantara Insight and free and active foreign policy.
While Indonesia's geostrategy is realized through the concept of National Resilience
that grows in the realization of ideological, political, economic, socio-cultural, and
defense security unity. By implementing regional policies, efforts to steal natural
resources at sea by foreign vessels can be reduced as low as possible. For example,
this has been done in the form of a Join Commission Sub Committee of Fisheries
Cooperation between Indonesia and Thailand and the Philippines to address issues
and delimitation of the EEZ boundary between countries. This collaboration can also
be applied in a context to reduce the operational costs of the MCS so that a joint
operation for VMS can be carried out for example.
References
Bakry. 1999. Pengantar Hubungan Internasional, Jakarta, Jayabaya University Press
Marsetio. 2014. Sea Power Indonesia. Universitas Pertahanan Press. Jawa Barat
Michael, P. E., Thomson, R., Barbraud, C., Delord, K., De Grissac, S., Hobday, A. J.,
& Wilcox, C. (2017). Illegal fishing bycatch overshadows climate as a driver of
albatross population decline. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 579, 185-199