Individual lab report for bd rodded
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This document describes a procedure to determine the bulk density of fine aggregates in a rodded state. The bulk density is measured by filling a cylindrical container one-third at a time with aggregate and tamping it between additions. The container is then weighed filled with aggregate and the bulk density is calculated based on the weight, volume of the container, and weight of the empty container. The results of an example test are presented, finding a bulk density of 1726.20kg/m3 for the given sand sample. The bulk density exceeds the allowable 1600kg/m3 for construction sand.
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This document describes the standard test method for determining the bulk density of coarse and fine aggregate materials. It explains that bulk density testing is important for concrete mix design to determine the proper mass of aggregate for a given volume. The test involves measuring the mass of aggregate needed to fill a measuring cylinder before and after compacting the material in layers with a tamping rod. Calculations are then made to find the loose and compacted bulk densities based on the weights and known cylinder volume. Bulk density provides information on void content and required compaction effort for concrete.
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The document is a laboratory record from the Department of Civil Engineering at a government college. It contains details of various material testing experiments conducted in the lab, including procedures, observations, calculations, and results for tests like sieve analysis of aggregates, bulk density and specific gravity tests, aggregate crushing value, and aggregate impact value. The document serves to record the work done by students in the materials testing lab.
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This document provides procedures for determining various properties of aggregates through laboratory experiments. It describes 15 experiments related to aggregate testing, including procedures to determine grain size distribution, bulk density, crushing value, impact value, and others. The grain size distribution experiment involves sieving samples of fine and coarse aggregates and calculating parameters like effective size and uniformity coefficient. The crushing value and impact value experiments involve compressing aggregate samples and measuring the amount of particles that break off to determine the aggregates' resistance to impact and crushing forces.
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Bulk density is defined as the mass of an aggregate per unit volume and is affected by how densely the particles are packed, their size, shape, grading, and moisture content. Angular aggregates have lower bulk densities than rounded ones. Bulk density determines the type of concrete an aggregate can be used in and is needed to convert weight-based mix designs to volume-based ones. Fine aggregates experience bulking when moisture forms films around particles, keeping them farther apart and increasing volume by 15-30% typically. The maximum bulking occurs at an intermediate moisture content.
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This document discusses various index properties of soil and methods for determining them. It describes determining the specific gravity of soil through different methods like the pycnometer bottle method. It also discusses determining the in-situ dry density of soil using a core cutter and discusses particle size analysis through sieve analysis and sedimentation analysis. The document also describes determining the consistency limits of fine-grained soils, including the liquid limit and plastic limit tests. It defines the relative density of soils and provides categories of soil denseness based on relative density percentages.
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This document provides information on procedures to determine various properties of aggregates through laboratory experiments. It describes 12 experiments related to grain size distribution, bulk density, voids ratio, porosity, specific gravity, bulking, crushing value, impact value, and compressive strength of aggregates and cement. The summary focuses on Experiment 1 which involves determining the particle size distribution of fine and coarse aggregates through sieve analysis.
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This document provides information on procedures to determine properties of aggregates through various laboratory tests. It describes tests to determine the particle size distribution of fine and coarse aggregates through sieve analysis. It also describes tests to determine the bulk density, void ratio, porosity and specific gravity of aggregates in loose and compacted states. Additionally, it provides the procedure to determine the bulking characteristics of sand and how bulking increases with moisture content up to a maximum point. The document contains sections on aim, apparatus, procedure, observations and calculations and results for each test.
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This document provides an introduction and overview of concrete mix design fundamentals, including terminology, abbreviations, and the mix design procedure. Key terms defined include absorption, absolute volume, add-water, bulk specific gravity, fineness modulus, free-water, water-cement ratio, and yield. The objective is to develop an understanding of how concrete mix components and their proportioning affect the final product in terms of strength, durability, and other properties.
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This document provides an overview of foundational principles of soil mechanics. It discusses key topics including grain size distribution, plasticity, soil classification, effective stress, consolidation, and shear strength. Sieve analysis and hydrometer testing are described for determining grain size distribution of coarse-grained and fine-grained soils. Index properties like liquid limit, plastic limit, and plasticity index are also summarized. The concepts of total stress, pore water pressure, and effective stress are introduced. Finally, the process of consolidation, whereby excess pore pressures dissipate over time under increased loading, is explained.
index properties.pptx
The document discusses various index properties that are used to identify and classify soils and determine their engineering behavior. Some key index properties discussed include moisture content, specific gravity, density, particle size distribution from sieve and sedimentation analysis, consistency limits of liquid limit, plastic limit and shrinkage limit, and density index. Methods for measuring these properties such as oven drying method, pycnometer method, core cutter method, and sand replacement method are also summarized. The index properties are useful for understanding properties like strength, compressibility, swelling potential of soils that influence engineering design.
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The document discusses powder compaction and consolidation. It defines compression as reducing bulk volume by removing air spaces, and consolidation as increasing mechanical strength through particle interactions. It then describes several derived properties of powdered solids like solid-air interface, angle of repose, flow rates, mass-volume relationships, and density. Different methods for measuring these properties like angle of repose, compressibility index, and density measurement techniques using helium pycnometry and liquid displacement are also summarized. Mechanisms increasing mechanical strength during consolidation like cold welding, fusion welding, and recrystallization are outlined as well.
Soil Mechanics-Index Properties and Solid,water,air relation.pdf
This document discusses soil mechanics and index properties of soils. It defines various volumetric relationships like void ratio, porosity, degree of saturation, and air content. It also defines mass-volume relationships like bulk density, dry density, saturated density, and density of soil solids. Various methods to determine water content, specific gravity of soil solids, and bulk density of soils are described, including oven-dry method, density bottle method, pycnometer method, core cutter method, sand replacement method, and water displacement method.
2.pptx
The document discusses compaction and compression of powders. It defines key terms like compression, consolidation, compaction, true volume, granular volume, bulk volume, density, porosity, and flow properties. It describes how applied pressure can reduce a material's bulk volume by removing air spaces. It also explains how consolidation increases a material's mechanical strength through particle interactions like cold welding and fusion bonding. Factors like particle size, shape, density, and moisture are described as influencing powder flow properties which are measured by angle of repose and Carr's index.
Amir tantrayz
The document summarizes the properties of soil that are important for pavement design. It describes tests conducted to determine the soil's specific gravity, Atterberg limits, particle size distribution, optimum moisture content, maximum dry density, unconfined compressive strength, and permeability. The soil was found to have a liquid limit of 43%, plastic limit of 21%, and be classified as silt with 86% silt and 14% clay based on grain size analysis. The optimum moisture content was determined to be 14% with a maximum dry density of 1.72 g/cc. The unconfined compressive strength was also measured at different time intervals.
Standard Penetration Test & Liquid Limit,Plasticity Limit
This document describes the procedure for conducting a standard penetration test (SPT). The SPT is commonly used to determine the properties of cohesionless soils that cannot be easily sampled. It involves driving a split spoon sampler into the ground using a 63.5 kg hammer dropped from a height of 0.75 m. The number of blows required to drive the sampler each 150 mm provides the standard penetration resistance value (N), which can indicate the relative density, shear strength, and compressibility of the soil. Corrections may be applied to N for certain soil types.
Ppt sieveanalysis-130303223118-phpapp02
1) The document discusses methods for classifying soils through sieve analysis, liquid limit tests, and plastic limit tests. Sieve analysis is used to determine the grain size distribution of coarser soil particles, while hydrometer testing identifies finer particles.
2) The tests are used to classify soils based on properties like plasticity index and grain size distribution curve. This allows soils to be designated under specific categories in the Unified Soil Classification System.
3) Key measurements identified include D10, D30, D60 grain sizes, Cu and Cc values for grading, and liquid limit and plastic limit water contents for defining soil types.
Summer training ppt
The document provides details on various tests conducted on highway materials and soils, including aggregate impact value testing, water content determination, consistency limits testing, rebound hammer testing, and sand replacement testing. It describes the objectives, apparatus, procedures, observations, and calculations for each test. The tests are used to evaluate the properties and suitability of aggregates, soils, and concrete for use in highway and road construction projects.
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The standard Proctor test is conducted to determine the optimum water content and maximum dry density of soil for compaction. Soil samples are compacted in layers in a standardized metal mold at different water contents using a rammer. The bulk density of each compacted sample is calculated and a curve is plotted of dry density versus water content. The water content corresponding to the highest dry density is the optimum water content. A penetration resistance test is also conducted using a Proctor needle to obtain the relationship between penetration resistance and water content.
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The document discusses compaction tests for soil. It defines compaction as packing soil particles more closely together through dynamic loading, reducing air voids without changing water content. Compaction improves soil engineering properties like strength and permeability. Laboratory tests establish relationships between dry density and moisture content under controlled conditions. The standard Proctor test uses a 2.6 kg hammer and the modified Proctor test uses a 4.89 kg hammer, transmitting more energy to achieve higher compaction. Both tests yield curves showing maximum dry density occurs at optimum moisture content.
chapter-12.pdf
The document discusses testing methods for cement, including density, fineness, and setting time. Density is determined through the pycnometric method, which involves weighing a cement sample in a sealed container before and after adding a measuring liquid. Fineness can be assessed through sieving or the Blaine air permeability method. Setting time is found using the Vicat apparatus, which measures the penetration of a needle into a cement paste over time to determine when the paste initially and finally sets.
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Bulk density and bulking of fine and coarse aggregate
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Individual lab report for bd rodded
- 1. DETERMINATION OF BULK DENSITY OF FINE AGGREGATES IN RODDED STATE AIM: To determine the bulk density of the given sample of sand in dense state. APPARATUS REQUIRED: Cylindrical Measure – The measure shall be 3,15 or 30 litres capacity, according to the maximum nominal size of the coarsest particles of aggregate. Weigh Balance – a balance sensitive to 0.5 percent of the weight of the sample to be weighed. Tamping rod- a straight metal tamping rod of cylindrical cross section 16 mm in diameter and 60 cm long, rounded at one end. Shovel PURPOSE: For Volume or Weight batching, requirement of material to fill the unit volume of material can be found if we know the Bulk Density. Also amount of voids present in the material can be found which is a direct measure of cement to be added in the mix design. WHAT IS BULK DENSITY? It is the weight of aggregate material in a given volume of bulk aggregate material. The term volume includes the volume of the individual particles and the volume of the voids between the particles. Bulk density is used both in weight and volume batching.
- 2. SIGNIFICANCE During the concrete mix design, when the aggregate is to be batched by volume or by weight, then it becomes necessary to know the mass of the aggregates that will fill the container of unit volume. If we know the bulk density of the aggregate material then we can easily determine the mass required to fill a unit volume container. This test method is used to determine the bulk density of the given fine grained specimen. Bulk density also indicates the percentage of voids present in the aggregate material. This percentage of voids affects the grading of the aggregates which is important in high strength concrete. We can get to know the percentage of voids by compacting to loose state and rodded state. Bulk density also indicates the compactive effort required to compact the concrete. PROCEDURE Weight of the empty container is taken as W1 The measure shall be filled about one-third full with thoroughly mixed aggregate and tamped with 25 strokes of rounded end of tamping rod. A further similar quantity of aggregate shall be added and a further tamping of 25 strokes given. The surface shall be filled with over flowing, tamped 25 times. The surface of the aggregate shall then be leveled with a straightedge. The weight of the container filled with aggregate shall then be determined and is taken as W3. The volume of the container is calculated by taking the weight of the container filled with water which is taken as W2 and the bulk density calculated in kilogram per litre.
- 3. OBSERVATIONS Serial no Description Observed Values 1 Weight of the empty container, W1 in kg 1.822 2 Weight of the container with water,W2 in kg 3.692 3 Weight of the container and sand in rodded state, W3 in kg 5.050 CALCULATIONS Volume of the container V = W2- W1 / 1000 =3.692-1.822 / 1000 =1.87 X 10-3 Bulk density of the sand =W3-W1 / V =5.050- 1.822 / 1.87 X 10-3 =1726.20kg/m3 RESULT The bulk density of the given sample of soil in the rodded state = 1726.20kg/m3
- 4. INFERENCE The given sample has bulk density of greater than1600kg/m3 which is the allowable bulk density of sand in rodded state. Hence, it can be used for construction purposes.