This document summarizes several models of second language learning that incorporate individual learner differences as variables. It discusses models focusing on independent learner variables like age, attitude, motivation, intelligence, and language aptitude. Specific models covered include the Good Language Learner Model, Monitor Theory, Brown and Fraser's model, Levin's Schematic model, Gardner's Educational Model, Skehan's model of influence on language learning, and Spolsky's model. The document analyzes how each model conceptualizes the relationship between learner variables and second language acquisition outcomes.
Customer loyalty is dynamic, compelling and changing all the time. Awareness of a loyalty program’s importance was once relegated solely to a handful of sponsors of a program at a company, or those of us toiling in our industry to support the program. Today, loyalty programs are an enterprise initiative — reflective of the customer experience of brands, managed by customer service, finance, marketing, operations and IT, driven by segmented media and consumer campaigns, and expected to drive ROI, fostering lifelong connections and creating lifetime brand value.
The loyalty and customer experience landscape has been positively impacted by several exciting trends:
- The analyses of Big Data which derive meaningful consumer behavioral insights. We challenge ourselves and our clients to use it to create genuine experiences versus the more simplistic points-for-rewards stereotypes
- The need for devices and channels (think smartphones, tablets, digital signage, kiosks, radio, TV, print, etc.) to create a consistent customer experience. We need to build omnichannel loyalty programs, and then mine the data sets they create
- The importance of having programs that appeal to both the rational and emotional sides of the brain — emotional connections can include elements of gamification and social media, while rational are the tangible rewards e.g. discounts or coupons
These trends – and other insights – form the backbone of the Kobie Knowledge Quarterly Review. Our goal is to bring to you loyalty landscape commentary and analyses of where the loyalty industry is heading. We welcome conversations about loyalty through our observations, commentaries, insights and, in some cases, criticisms of the developments taking place.
We hope the Kobie Knowledge Quarterly Review leaves you with a greater appreciation that customer loyalty isn’t just about the program itself. Or even solely for driving ROI and heightening customer engagement. Loyalty, the bond an individual makes with another, is central to the human condition. It’s about reciprocity, faith, trust and at its greatest intensity, a type of moral obligation, akin to the connections we forge with family and friends.
Brands and businesses, the best ones, are no different.
Michael Hemsey, President
Kobie Marketing, Inc.
#ThroughGlass : An Introduction to Google GlassNick Moline
I was recently asked to give a presentation about Google Glass down in Saltillo Mexico at a tech conference there. These were the slides from my presentation (Video coming soon)
Customer loyalty is dynamic, compelling and changing all the time. Awareness of a loyalty program’s importance was once relegated solely to a handful of sponsors of a program at a company, or those of us toiling in our industry to support the program. Today, loyalty programs are an enterprise initiative — reflective of the customer experience of brands, managed by customer service, finance, marketing, operations and IT, driven by segmented media and consumer campaigns, and expected to drive ROI, fostering lifelong connections and creating lifetime brand value.
The loyalty and customer experience landscape has been positively impacted by several exciting trends:
- The analyses of Big Data which derive meaningful consumer behavioral insights. We challenge ourselves and our clients to use it to create genuine experiences versus the more simplistic points-for-rewards stereotypes
- The need for devices and channels (think smartphones, tablets, digital signage, kiosks, radio, TV, print, etc.) to create a consistent customer experience. We need to build omnichannel loyalty programs, and then mine the data sets they create
- The importance of having programs that appeal to both the rational and emotional sides of the brain — emotional connections can include elements of gamification and social media, while rational are the tangible rewards e.g. discounts or coupons
These trends – and other insights – form the backbone of the Kobie Knowledge Quarterly Review. Our goal is to bring to you loyalty landscape commentary and analyses of where the loyalty industry is heading. We welcome conversations about loyalty through our observations, commentaries, insights and, in some cases, criticisms of the developments taking place.
We hope the Kobie Knowledge Quarterly Review leaves you with a greater appreciation that customer loyalty isn’t just about the program itself. Or even solely for driving ROI and heightening customer engagement. Loyalty, the bond an individual makes with another, is central to the human condition. It’s about reciprocity, faith, trust and at its greatest intensity, a type of moral obligation, akin to the connections we forge with family and friends.
Brands and businesses, the best ones, are no different.
Michael Hemsey, President
Kobie Marketing, Inc.
#ThroughGlass : An Introduction to Google GlassNick Moline
I was recently asked to give a presentation about Google Glass down in Saltillo Mexico at a tech conference there. These were the slides from my presentation (Video coming soon)
Glaeser, susan a colorful field of learners visualizing nftej v22 n2 2012[1]William Kritsonis
William Allan Kritsonis, Editor-in-Chief, NATIONAL FORUM JOURNALS (Founded 1982). Dr. William Allan Kritsonis, Distinguished Alumnus, Central Washington University, College of Education and Professional Studies, Ellensburg, Washington; Invited Guest Lecturer, Oxford Round Table, University of Oxford, United Kingdom; Hall of Honor, Prairie View A&M University/Member of the Texas A&M University System. Professor of Educational Leadership, The University of Texas of the Permian Basin.
The present study was an attempt to investigate the effect of critical thinking level on Iranian EFL learners’ choice of language learning strategies. The participants were 93 male and female B.A. level Iranian students majoring in English language teaching and English translation at Imam Khomeini International University in Qazvin; Zanjan University; and Kar non-profit University in Qazvin. Data were collected using the Strategy Inventory for Language Learning (SILL), and Peter Honey’s Critical Thinking Scale. The participants were divided into three levels (High, Mid, Low) of critical thinking based on their scores on the critical thinking questionnaire. The participants’ strategy use in the three groups was compared using six separate one-way ANOVA procedures. The results showed that the level of critical thinking significantly influenced students’ choice of memory, cognitive, metacognitive and social strategies, but had no significant effect on the choice of compensation and affective strategies. The findings of this study may have both theoretical and pedagogical implications for learners, teachers, and syllabus designers.
Similar to Individual differences and call ppt (20)
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Embracing GenAI - A Strategic ImperativePeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
5. A. Models of Second Language Learning and Their Variables Models of SLA related to individual outcome which divided two: Model distinguish between individual telated variables (Social variables, contextual variables). Model assumses interrelationship between individual variables.
6. B. Models With Independent Learner Variables 1. The “Good Language-Learners” Model 2. Monitor Theory 3. Brown And Fraser’s 4. Levin 5. Gardner 6. Skehan 7. Spolsky
7. 1. The “Good Language-Learners” Model The model proposed by Naiman, Frohlich, Todesco, and Stern identifities: A. Teaching B. Learner C. Context Two dependent variables: A. Learning B. Out come
8. Continued..... In this model of theory showed that there is a direct link between each of the three global independents variables and the learning variable. However, how these independents variables and which particular sub-variables affect the learning variables, remains unclear.
9. Teaching The Learners The Context Materials Syllabus Methodology Resources Unconscious Process: Generalisation Transfer Simplication Conscious Processes: Strategis Proficiency: Listening Speaking Reading Writing Errors Interlanguage Affective Reasons Age Intellegence Aptitude Motivation Attitude Personality Cognitive Style EFL/ESL Opportunities for Use Social Milieu The Good Language-Learner Model
10. 2. Monitor Theory According to this theory, the affective filter is a major source of variation, the success of language learning varies depending on several factors embraced within the affective filter such as attitude, motivation, self-confidence and anxiety.
12. 3. Brown and Fraser’s Scene Setting and Purpose Participants Individual and Relationship
13.
14. 4. Levin’s Schematic model Two Major stage: Diagnostic Prescriptive Two variables: Input Output
15. 5. Gardner’s Educational Model Focus on three main aspects: Cultural beliefs Individual differences SLA Look Gardners diagram Page 44.
16. 3 Points that can be inferred; 1. Cultural beliefs Individual Differences 2. Emphasize on Individual differences variable. 3. Two variables: Integrativeness and attitudes toward learning situation jointly influence motivation INFLUENCE
17. 6. Skehan Model of Influence on Language Learning Skehan version higlight the importance of joined variables effect on language learning. Such a joined variables model might be useful to identify which variables are more influential and make stronger contribution than the others. More detail see figure 11 Page 47
18. 7. Spolsky Model Spolsky model examines the individual differences resulting from 74 restricted conditions. See Figure 12 Page 50
19. C. Individual Differences Age Attitude Motivation Intellegence Language Aptitude Previous Knowledge Familiarity with Computers Interaction with Native Speakers Language Used
20. That is the end of our presentation. Thank you for your attention nice to have been with you today, Good Luck And see you again
